Статьи журнала - Вестник Южно-Уральского государственного университета. Серия: Компьютерные технологии, управление, радиоэлектроника
Все статьи: 1059
Tasks solved in the analysis of the enterprise's labor resources
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The enterprise, as an economic system, is the main primary link, where there is a direct solution to the main economic problem of efficient allocation and management of resources. In the light of constantly growing requirements to optimization of economic activity of the enterprise and for implementation of its principles and strategy it is necessary to estimate and consider financial and economic condition of the enterprise, including in the field of manpower, as the most important component of administrative activity. The production potential of the enterprise is formed from the availability, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of both means of labor, objects of labor, and the actual labor resources, in accordance with this, and the analysis is conducted. The vector for evaluation and decision-making in the field of human resources is the analysis of human resources of the enterprise and the efficiency of their use. It should be noted that with the transition to a market economy, the analysis of labour relations becomes increasingly important, since the labour force is valued and competitive in the labour market. This extends the boundaries of analytical research, the criteria for optimizing labor relations have not only economic but also social parameters. Economic and social security of labor, on the one hand, and special working conditions, on the other, form the sphere of in-depth analytical studies of the enterprise's potential. It is also important to give a correct assessment of the use of resources of the organization with the help of the main indicators of the enterprise. This article discusses the analysis of labor resources as one of the components of the formation and use of the production potential of the enterprise.
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Technologies of strategic management of industrial enterprises
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The origin, formation and development of the ideas of strategic management of industrial enterprises is often based on the works of Western management scientists, who do not take into account the technological and technical aspects of the companies. This situation leads to low management efficiency of domestic enterprises in modern conditions, characterized by a high degree of instability. The actual task is to form our own management practices, taking into account the conditions in which Russian companies have to compete. In this article, the attempt of devising a strategy of management of an industrial enterprise is made taking into account its major aspects of technical and technological development based on a developed information and computer system. The criteria to choose the options of strategic de-velopment of industrial enterprises are also presented. The positions which are necessary to consider when developing a strategy of production companies and corporations are analyzed. The analysis made it possible to present the main provisions of the formation of a model of management of an industrial enterprise. Including the consideration of the enterprise as a materialized stream, that converts raw materials and materials into finished products of a certain range. Considering the management of the enterprise in the form of two contours: operational and strategic management, which are based on methods and technologies of system, situational, quantitative analysis. Implying the automation of management functions of the enterprise, which should be comprehensive, providing high-quality, timely and complete information with all the main stages of decision-making. Based on an integrated information system of the enterprise, the operational and main data warehouses should be interconnected. The complex of scientific statements presented in this article forms the scientific and practical basis for the formation of management strategies for a wide variety of industrial enterprises and organizations.
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The OCM capabilities support model for managing change in the United States industry
Статья научная
The article introduces a new approach to managing change in the United States industry. In the United States, managing change is a subject of a separate discipline called Organizational Change Management. Organizational Change Management studies and manages human behavior and the ways to influence it and steer it in the desired direction when a change occurs. In the United States, this discipline is independent and fairly mature. In other countries, however, this field may be considered as a part of project management, organizational development, or industrial psychology. In this article, before introducing a new model for managing change, the author provides a definition of Organizational Change Management and reviews its purpose, benefits, key pillars (components), and the risks of ignoring or underestimating OCM. This discussion provides those who are new to change management with a framework for their understanding of the proposed OCM model. Next, the author introduces the OCM Capabilities model for supporting change management activities in a company. The United States industry is going through a transition and is experiencing its own challenges right now. One of these challenges is a conflict between a growing demand for OCM services and a conservative approach to funding OCM activities. The proposed model allows companies to efficiently address these challenges. Target audiences for this article include senior mana¬gement, members of the Planning and Project Management Organizations (PMO), training teams, organizational development consultants, and project managers.
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Статья научная
The method of the spectral analysis on the plane of complex frequencies with use of the Proni procedure and also a graphic form of its representation is offered. In physiological studies and in assessing the functional state is very important to data analysis of physiological signals as oscillatory processes. In this widely accepted model of the oscillatory process is the representation of the process under study through the superposition (sum) of sinusoidal periodic processes, each of which is constant in time amplitude, frequency and initial phase. The calculated set of raw signal parameters harmonic sets the range of the investigated process. It should be noted that physiological signals in the General case, represent highly organized in time oscillations. Therefore, in the literature, physiological processes are mostly treated as random processes. In this case, as a measure of the distribution of the frequency of oscillatory activity of FS use a statistical evaluation of the power spectral density (PSD) of a signal, which reflects the dependence of the distribution of the average power (oscillatory activity) of the signal frequency.
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Results of studies of the automatic regulation system of a residential complex along the street of Academician Sakharov in the city of Chelyabinsk are given in article. The analysis of actual indicators of volumes of consumed gas within several months 2015-2017 is carried out depending on average daily temperature of external air. It is shown that the adjustment of the controller by the factory method does not ensure the effective functioning of the heat supply system, especially at ambient temperatures close to 0 °C. The comparison was carried out in two ways: by the method of equivalent trends and by the average temperature and consumption of gas per month. The conducted analysis convincingly proves that the control system with monotonic processes is not only more effective from the point of view of the operation of the equipment, but also from the point of view of energy efficiency.
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The cooperative game-theoretic model of stable benefits distribution from IT solution implementation
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Nowadays there are a large number of methods to estimate the efficiency of IT solutions and the effectiveness of IT project activities. Despite the existing variety of methods to assess the benefits from IT, they are not sufficient to prevent troubles caused by the situation where the launch of the project is hindered by a part of stakeholders who are uncertain about further benefits distribution or even they are afraid of the possibility about negative impact of the new IT solution on the performance indicators of departments in their subordination. This article presents the results of the modelling the business and IT coalitions interaction while enterprise architecture development projects at the stage of choosing and approving the new IT solution. The function to measure the IT solution benefits taking into account the financial and qualitative components of benefits, the efforts of the each coalition project participation and project costs is determined. A game-theoretic model of decision-making while choosing and approving the new IT solution with objectives to incorporate the agents into one big coalition with a stable resources distribution is stated. Practical application of the developed model will allow increasing IT project efficiency in corporate structures.
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A method of the factor analysis, including factors naming is considered. If x - features, and f - factors, then we look for dependencies f(x), not x(f). In the beginning of the article there is a detailed historical overview of the origins and evolution of the theory of the factor analysis. Then methods of committee solutions of problems of pattern recognition are studying, including the discriminant analysis, taxonomy and informative subsystems of signs assessment. The connection of these methods with artificial neural networks and with the factor analysis that allows finding deep interconnections in observations table is analyzed. A stepwise algorithm to find out the name of a factor is performed according to the names of features that are included in the corresponding taxon. Along with this the factor analysis is applied to the observations table of object\feature. In conclusion, the full reference list is provided on the subject of a research.
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The features of the information support development for the product lifecycle management system
Статья научная
Business processes require the constant improvement and making the appropriate changes. The research of the industrial enterprises activities has shown that the product lifecycle management system (PLM) plays the main role. Therefore this article pays the main attention to the process of the information support for product lifecycle management system development. The main stages of the product lifecycle are identified with the mandatory requirements to the business processes. Particular attention is paid to the development of information support in terms of programming. The most common software platforms in Russia - 1C, Java and.NET Framework are considered to illustrate the problem. The peculiarities of the PLM system information support development are identified from the business management point of view.
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The heat carrier flow control in heat transport systems
Статья научная
The problem of flow control of the heat carrier with a significant reduction of its temperature is studied. Several solutions to this problem are found taking into account the required amount of heat to the consumer. In this case, the heating supply object seems to be an equivalent heating device. An acceptable range of temperature reduction in the heat supply pipe is found in which the problem of 100 % heat supply can be solved by increasing the flow of the heat carrier. It has been shown that this range can be significantly extended if there can be some decline in the quality of the heating supply - delivered volume of heat. The results can be used in the development of low-temperature heating modes - graphs of quantitative regulation of the heating supply.
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The logistical processes of the enterprise require constant improvement and introduction of corresponding changes. The study of the activities of the trade and warehouse complex showed that the main role is played by the system for managing the processes of receiving and assembling goods. Therefore, in the article, special importance is given to the process of automation and development of information support for a system for managing these data in the trade and warehouse complex. The analysis and modeling of the existing processes of the company on the basis of two approaches of business modeling has been carried out. It is shown that the object approach allows to build a more stable to changes system, has more correspondences with the existing structure of the organization. The article presents that the functional modeling is optimal when the organizational structure undergoes changes or is in the process of correction. Using the graphical language IDEF0, the analyzed system is represented as a set of interrelated functions (function blocks). To improve the efficiency of storage processes, based on the AS-IS model, a TO-BE model was built and the efficiency of the developed model was evaluated. During the TO-BE model study, the advantages of the embedded device for automating the processes of receiving and assembling goods were proved, as well as the advantages of the new model in terms of key indicators: the time of work, labor productivity, costs, the number of errors in the assembly of goods, the number of staff. The substantiation of a method of automation of warehouse processes of reception and assembly of goods is presented, the choice of the brand of the device of trade and warehouse activity is made. To illustrate the choice of software, basic software platforms were considered and optimal software was identified to ensure the efficiency of warehouse processes. The choice of software was made taking into account the possibility of integrating the data collection terminal with the 1C system used in the company's work. The capabilities of the selected driver, its advantages and functional properties have been analyzed.
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Modern society significant part is made up of People with Limited Mobility (PLM). This category of citizens is limited in movement and experiences problems of interaction with social infrastructure: first of all, these are people with disabilities (disabled people), who, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), make up more than 15% of the world's population, as well as people moving, for example, from baggage or stroller. Researchers identify three main problems in the interaction of PLM with social infrastructure: the first is related to the physical barriers of social infrastructure facilities (SIF) the second is the inaccessibility of information about SIF, and the third includes a number of social problems caused by the attitude towards PLM within society. Efficiency improving in the field of urban management and ensuring the information availability of SIF for PLM is possible through the use of geographic information technologies, electronic maps and digital city information systems, as well as specialized decision support systems. The purpose of research is to solve an urgent scientific and technical problem of implementing a support system for making informed management decisions in the field of ensuring the availability of information systems for PLM, as well as developing a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the DSS. Materials and methods. Control theory for the development of an intelligent decision support method, software and hardware implementation tools, as well as an analytical, computational and graphical method for evaluating the effectiveness of development. Results. A DSS has been developed in the field of managing the availability of SIF for PLM. An assessment of the DSS functioning quality and efficiency was made, the analytical and graphical results of the efficiency assessment were reflected. Conclusion. The paper describes a methodology for the development of a DSS for managing the accessibility of SIF for PLM, including the introduction into the existing urban management system and evaluating the effectiveness of intellectual support methods in managing the accessibility of social infrastructure for PLM.
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Статья научная
The problem of optimal control over solutions for the Barenblatt - Zheltov - Cochina nonstationary equation with Showalter - Sidorov condition is studied in this article. This study presents a numerical algorithm for solving optimal control problems. In the final part there is a numerical experiment for Barenblatt - Zheltov - Cochin non-stationary equation considered on a rectangle.
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The properties of computing processes in image analysis and machine learning tasks
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The solving process of any computer vision or machine learning task can be represented in form of some sequence of computational operations on input data. The feature of intelligent data analysis is significant input data heterogeneity which includes emissions, measurement uncertainty, and multimodality. Different types of computing operations respond differently to the presented types of mismatches. The quality of problem solution to a large extent depends on the properties and data mismatch stability of the basic operations. The article describes main types of computational operations, used in computer vision and machine learning algorithms, the analysis of their resistance to various types of mismatch in the data is provided. The information will be useful in designing visual objects descriptors, in the development of detection and tracking algorithms. Of particular value is using of the information in design and analysis of deep convolutional neural networks.
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The statistical accuracy of the power spectrum of the signal of heart rate variability
Статья научная
Currently, spectral analysis occupies an important place among the various methods of investigation of heart rate variability. The result of the spectral analysis is a spectral power density of the study of heart rate variability, which serves as an indicator of the various mechanisms of regulation of the cardiovascular system. A common classical nonparametric method for calculating the spectral power density is the Welch periodogram method, with its underlying fast Fourier transform procedure. This method calculates and then averages a set of spectra obtained from time-sequentially shifted segments of the initial dependence of heart rate variability. The resulting dependence of the spectral power density of the signal is a statistical estimate and characterizes the dependence of the distribution of the average power of the signal from the frequency. With this approach, the analyzed dependence of heart rate variability is considered as the realization of some random process. In this case, the amplitude of a peak of the dependence of the spectral power density is not associated with a constant amplitude (or its square) harmonics with a certain frequency and reflects a certain constant rhythm at this frequency, but is associated with the average measure of oscillatory activity (power) analyzed dependence heart rate variability at the frequency under consideration.
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The article discusses the principle of constructing the software part of the alarm system's signal processing unit, which will solve the problem of detecting penetration through the protected perimeter by means of a signal coming from a sensitive optical fiber located on a mesh fence. The study is conducted through consideration of such problems as the decomposition of the signal received from a sensitive fiber-optic sensor into components and its further processing, first for training the neural network, and then for analyzing its state. A large part of the work is occupied by consideration of a solution that allows to form an algorithm for building a digital signal processing unit using a neural network and also to reduce the number of false alarms caused by interference and external influence on the security system.
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Статья научная
The control algorithm of robotic manipulator (RM) movement along the program trajectory by the method of Lyapunov function is obtained. The method uses the decomposition of original multiply-connected nonlinear system into subsystems and realizes the possibility of decentralized control of each of moving RM links. The control signal is formed taking into account the dynamics of RM mechanical system and electric drives. When constructing the control system, the coefficients of nonlinear system dynamics equations a constructed in the form of the Lagrange - Maxwell equations are calculated. The control for the initial nonlinear system is obtained explicitly. The stability of dynamical system in entire phase space and its dissipativity in region of phase space are investigated with a significant influence of disturbing moments in operating conditions. To compensate for them, an adaptive signal-type additive has been introduced into the control law, which ensures system performance at significant rates of change in power moments on the output shafts of drives. The influence of measurement errors of RM state vector on the formation of control is taken into account. In the Acsocad software according to the mathematical model of RM link, a block diagram is made up with subsystems of gradient tuning and signal adjustment. The movement of one link along the program trajectory is considered. To take into account the influence of measurement noise on the values of current, speed and position, blocks with adding a random signal having a normal distribution are added to system. Simulation was performed in the absence and influence of noise on measurements both at constant values of adjustable coefficients, and using the coefficient gradient tuning method. Constructed curves of coefficients optimal values to obtain the minimum deviation value from the program trajectory. The efficiency of using the gradient tuning and signal adjustment methods when RM is moving in conditions of incomplete information is shown.
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Traffic flow model based on cellular automation with adaptive deceleration
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This paper describes continuation of the authors’ work in the field of traffic flow mathematical models based on the cellular automata theory. The refactored representation of the multifactorial traffic flow model based on the cellular automata theory is used for a representation of an adaptive deceleration step implementation. The adaptive deceleration step in the case of a leader deceleration allows slowing down smoothly but not instantly. Concepts of the number of time steps without conflicts and deceleration aggressiveness coefficient are introduced. Also in this paper a new step type for models based on the cellular automata is formulated on the example of a stop signal. The new step type unites notification and signalization steps. The new step type extends the concept of the three-stepped unified representation of the traffic flow models based on the cellular automata that was formulated in the previous authors’ work.
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Underwriting cycles and competition impact in evaluation of insurance company’s effective strategy
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The paper considers competition accounting in evaluation of effective strategy of insurance company with underwriting cycle. We describe the dynamics of competition in the insurance market and show the relation of competitive interactions with the change of phases of soft and hard market. Regions where the shifts of loss ratios occur are discovered. The values of the competitive effect of the trend for decreasing and increasing rates are estimated, and recommendations on the determination of competitive effect for reducing the effects of level shifts and loss in discovered regions are given.
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Universals and mathematical linguistics
Статья научная
Universals (from Latin “universalis” - general) - general concepts - are a subject matter of logicians since the ancient times. The question of universals represents the eternal issues. The nature of universals was thoroughly studied the philosophers of the Middle Ages. In IX-XIV centuries the scholastics continued the discussion about the essence of universals: do they really exist or are they certain names? The supporters of realism claimed that universals really existed and preceded the emergence of singular objects. Nominalists (from the Latin word ‘nomen’ - name) defended the contrary view point. In the article we emphasize the linguistic aspect. Mathematical linguistics develops methods of learning natural and formal languages. Linguistics, logic and mathematics are closely connected. Besides, there exists psycholinguistics as well. In our paper we consider current difficult sections: logic and linguistics of non-formalized and even non-formalizable concepts, the topic closely adjacent with the one discussed in the book by T.K. Kerimov of the same name. These sections broaden the opportunities of studying complex systems of logic and linguistics. As it was noted by the authors of “Mathematical linguistics” (R.G. Piotrovsky, K.B. Bektaev, A.A. Piotrovskaya) mathematics and a natural language represent semantic systems of information transfer. Moreover, there occurred a verbal analysis of mathematical problems solution. Language universal, a feature common for all the languages, is a kind of generalization of the language concept. The existential assertion of universals gives the opportunity to formulate a more grounded theory and practice of linguistics. The language universal determination is based both on extrapolation and empirical matter.
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Use of an investment payback period in order to analyze project effectiveness
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This article analyzes one of the key factors of project effectiveness; the investment payback period. For different conditions of project financing and the subsequent profit from its implementation, calculating formula are derived that facilitate the analysis of the effectiveness of the investment project. The main content of this work is the suggestion and explanation of the generalized factor of increasing profits, which, in our opinion, is the most objective criterion of project effectiveness. The method works well in situations when investments involve a high degree of risk, therefore, the shorter the payback period is the less risky the project is. This situation is typical for industries or activities that are characterized by a fairly high probability of rapid technological change. The suggested generalized index of the growth of an income can be recommended for the ana-lysis of the effectiveness of an investment project in all cases.
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