Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1763
Issues of the methodology for assessing social well-being in contemporary Russia
Статья научная
The article provides a critical analysis and synthesis of modern concepts of social well-being, as well as decomposition and operationalization of this sociological concept, which allows solving the problem of measuring and assessing the quality of life of individuals and social groups in a more comprehensive way. We have shown differences in the understanding of social well-being as a socio-psychological construct based on an individual’s subjective evaluation of the conditions and results of their life activities, and as an objective assessment of the social and economic status of the individual, their involvement in social networks, access to public goods. We also noted that when choosing a methodology for measuring social well-being, it is necessary to consider the economy of the society under consideration (developed or developing) and the existence conditions of the local community as a whole, not just individuals (the concept of community well-being). Based on a synthesis of existing approaches, methodologies, and sets of variables for the empirical study of social well-being, we propose our own version of the methodology for the comprehensive measurement of social well-being, which takes into account the specifics of social processes and relations in contemporary Russia. Within the framework of this methodology, we identify 11 basic factors affecting the level of social well-being, operationalized through more than 50 indicators. The sources of data for their measurement, along with state and corporate statistics, are mass sample and expert surveys. In the article we also raise the problem of calculating weighting coefficients for various factors contributing to social well-being, and proposed its solution on the basis of the ranking method as a special case of the expert evaluation method. The considered set of factors allows covering economic, social, political and legal, medical, socio-cultural and everyday components of life of individuals and local communities.
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Issues of the work and family activities of the older generation
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The article analyzes the trends and socio-economic conditions of the transformation of the grandmother institution in Russia. The research employs the theoretical framework of neoclassical theory and neo-institutionalism, which explain the nature of the grandmother institution. A system of indicators describing the demographic characteristics of the population and its behavior has been developed. The data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) served as the information base for the study. The analysis was conducted from the perspective of all participants: grandparents (the “grandmothers” themselves), parents, grandchildren, and the state as an actor shaping the environment in which the grandmother institution functions. The study has shown that the grandmother institution is transforming, adapting to new socio-economic conditions while retaining its significance. On the one hand, older people have become more in demand in the economy and society. There is a significant increase in the employment of the elderly population, especially among women aged 55–59. On the other hand, grandparents have become even more active in the lives of their grandchildren. The proportion of grandmothers providing daily childcare increased from 22.2% to 32.2%, and that of grandfathers from 13.2% to 23.4%. This is explained by an increase in the number of single-parent households with children (from 13.0% to 21.1% of all households with children), as well as an increase in the employment of women with children (from 76% to 82.8%). The results of Russian sociological surveys reveal the institutional nature of the motivation for the elderly population's participation in grandchild care. Sacrificial attitudes are characteristic of the majority of respondents; however, this position is not supported by parents, who prefer to raise their children independently and turn to grandparents only when assistance is required
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Статья научная
The forest sector is a key sector in the Russian economy. The existing demand for forest products on the part of domestic and foreign consumers contributes to a steady increase in the volume of logging. At the same time the restoration of forest resources is becoming increasingly important. Detailed elaboration of this issue is a critical factor in maintaining the trend of enhancing the economic performance of the forest complex in the long term, on the one hand, and in ensuring environmental safety, on the other hand. In Russia the task of reforestation is mainly delegated to the tenants of forest plots. Today the problem of strengthening their interest in ensuring the quality of the works they perform is of great importance. The main goal of the study, the findings of which are presented in our paper, is to determine the mechanisms of formation of tenant behavior models that affect decision-making on the implementation of reforestation. We use methods such as system approach, analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison, classification and systematization...
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Journal rankings: theory, methodology, bibliometry
Статья научная
The article presents the findings of a scientometric study of publication activity and ranking of journals registered with the RSCI on the subject “Economics. Economic sciences”. The analysis of a new methodology proposed by the RSCI for determining journal rankings has revealed its serious shortcomings. The article formulates three main critical postulates to prove that the journal ranking results derived according to this methodology are incorrect. One of its most vulnerable aspects is the unsubstantiated choice of journals carried out by an anonymous group of experts for the purpose of determining the composition of the RSCI core. The situation is complicated by the fact that this subjective choice leads to the discrimination of other journals, whose citation rate is recorded in the RSCI only if the article is cited in a journal that is part of the core. The choice of bibliometric indicators determining the aggregate rating of journals is unsatisfactory, and first of all this applies to the indicator “length of the article text”, which, strictly speaking, has no relation to scientometric indicators whatsoever. The formula for determining the aggregate rating itself, in which the weights of bibliometric indicators are “adjusted” to comply with a certain expert rating from five years ago, cannot be called justified. The constructive criticism provided in the article is accompanied by a description of an alternative approach with the elimination of the identified shortcomings of the new RSCI methodology. We are talking about a fundamentally different way of allocating the journals core: it does not use subjective assessments of any expert groups; instead, it uses certain formal criteria related to the production of knowledge and its dissemination in the form of publication activity of academic institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences and leading universities that are founders of economic journals. The article presents a new approach to the methodology for determining a journal rating based on the application of MW analysis (Multiway data analysis), which is a generalization of factor analysis applied to a multidimensional matrix. As a result, we put forward another set of journals included in the core; this ranking is called Yadro.RU; we also propose a more reasonable version for the ranking of journals registered with the RSCI on the subject “Economics. Economic sciences”.
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Knowledge as a mediator in the relationship between digital and economic development
Статья научная
Modern development of the digital economy urges society to address not only the global issue of socio-economic inequality, but also the problem of digital inequality, since the level of development of digital technology largely affects labor productivity and, accordingly, national GDP. In this dichotomy of inequality, the sphere of knowledge plays an important role, since it is knowledge that allows us to unlock the full potential of digital technology for the economic system. The aim of the work is to identify the role of knowledge as a mediator in the relationship between the level of development of digital technology and GDP in different countries. The study used data from the Global Knowledge Index, Network Readiness Index and Digital Competitiveness Ranking in their relationship with GDP per capita. We analyzed the results of two models containing data sets for 64 countries for five years and 134 countries for three years; thus, we revealed the influence of the digital competitiveness and network readiness indices, as well as their constituent sub-indices characterizing certain aspects of development of the digital economy, on GDP. Scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that it reveals the absence of the influence of knowledge on the relationship between GDP per capita and the penetration of digital technology into the national economy. We prove that indicators based on the spread and penetration of technology into the economy cannot objectively reflect the possibilities of economic development in the process of digitalization. It is necessary to focus on indicators reflecting the development and dissemination of national technologies; this requires an increase in the level of knowledge. We find that the level of knowledge development has a significant impact on the possibility of using digital technology to achieve the goals of sustainable development and organize effective management of digitalization. Otherwise, the impact of digital technology on economic development will be much less than the potentially possible level. The results of our study can be used by national governments to develop a strategy to overcome the digital divide and bridge a socio-economic gap between countries.
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Knowledge transfer to high-tech sector organizations: factors, problems and prospects
Статья научная
The article investigates the features and drivers of development of knowledge transfer to organizations of the high-tech sector from the academic sector. We systematize methods for obtaining and transferring knowledge by the organization, and the types of knowledge transfer. We highlight knowledge transfer factors from the perspective of process-based, network and system approaches. In order to confirm the theoretical conclusions obtained, we analyze knowledge transfer factors on the example of a large high-tech enterprise. The empirical basis of the study includes the results of a survey of employees (Rostov-on-Don, Russia) carried out in April - May 2023. According to the results of the questionnaire survey, we carry out correlation and regression analysis to establish actual relationship between the factors characterizing the parameters of knowledge transfer from the academic environment. It is shown that all groups of factors have a direct positive impact on the results of knowledge transfer. At For citation: Flek M.B., Ugnich E.A. (2023). Knowledge transfer to high-tech sector organizations: Factors, problems and prospects. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast, 16(5), 83-100. DOI: 10.15838/esc.2023.5.89.5 the same time, it is emphasized that the factors such as the recipient of knowledge, knowledge providers and mutual trust of the transfer participants, that is, the factors characterizing the internal motivation of the participants, have a stronger impact on the result of the knowledge transfer as compared to the factors like the organization of interaction, which reflect external motivation. According to the conclusions obtained, we put forward some recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of factors affecting the transfer of knowledge to an enterprise. There are five main directions for the development of knowledge transfer: improving the efficiency of organizing the interaction between the supplier and the recipient of knowledge; strengthening the level of trust between them; expanding the circle of knowledge providers; increasing their ability to transfer knowledge and the ability to perceive new knowledge by the recipient, increasing the effectiveness of the application of acquired knowledge. We emphasize the importance of the professional and educational ecosystem as an open non-hierarchical stable relationship of the enterprise with educational, scientific, and nongovernmental organizations in the development of knowledge transfer.
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Knowledge work and transnational networks in Lithuanian Public sector
Статья научная
International and transnational student mobility is becoming a global strategy of young persons’ career, and in this regard Lithuania is not an exception. Nevertheless, we lack studies in the analysis of the mechanisms and processes of the integration of mobile culturally privileged persons in the labour market of their country of origin, as it is these mechanisms and processes that allow mobile persons to increase their value in the labour market of their country of origin and to be in the forefront of the creation and transfer of innovations. In order to bridge this academic gap of studies on mobility/migration, this article deals with the “returning to Lithuania” experiences of the citizens of Lithuania who completed Bachelor’s or Master’s studies abroad. The main question of this study is how the mobility/migration experience helps in developing human, social and cultural capital and how the returnees act as the agents of innovation in their country.
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Komi Republic's agro-industrial potential
Статья научная
In this article the condition of the land and the agro-climatic resources, the agricultural sector, the zones of agricultural production’s specialization and accommodation are considered; the conceptual directions of the regional agricultural development are offered.
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Статья научная
The problem of population ageing in Russia is increasingly attracting attention of scientists and politicians. Long ago researchers recognized the irreversibility of the population ageing process in the conditions of narrowed population reproduction, but the measures to mitigate the consequences in our country, unlike Western countries, are not well developed yet. Population ageing with high probability leads to the change in labor market functioning due to the reduction in the share of able-bodied population and children and, consequently, the permanent increase in the proportion of older people in the total number of population. In these conditions the effective realization of resource potential of the older generation becomes one of the most important factors in socio-economic development of the territory. This article is aimed at studying the changes and specifics of labor activity of the population of retirement age on the example of the Vologda Oblast. The first part of the article is devoted to the main aspects of the impact of population ageing on economic development...
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Labor satisfaction as an indicator of public administration efficiency (sociological analysis)
Статья научная
Labor satisfaction is an indicator of social wellbeing of the working population. The study of subjective perceptions of labor is an important indicator of public administration efficiency. The article contains the analysis of the population’s satisfaction with labor, particularly, with one of its structural components - labor conditions. It reveals the high correlation of these indicators with the satisfaction with everyday life and labor productivity. It determines the degree of employees’ satisfaction with working conditions in such areas as health and psychological atmosphere at the workplace, equipment capability and security. The study discloses employees’ estimates in socio-demographic and territorial-dimensional aspects. The research demonstrates the interrelation between satisfaction with working environment and implementation of labor potential. The analysis indicates the importance of regular sociological research into the issues of satisfaction with various aspects of labor activity. The article indicates that for the country’s development it is necessary to take into account the labor satisfaction factor (in the narrow sense - working conditions) while developing strategies and approaches for social-economic policy and defining the standards of social responsibility, primarily, of the state and employers.
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Статья научная
The article substantiates the necessity to adopt the Federal Law “On strategic planning in the Russian Federation” as of June 28, 2014, No. 172-FL and reveals its advantages. At the same time, it draws attention to a number of strategic planning issues, not stipulated by the law, and suggests measures for further improvement of the legislation.
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Leading Russian economists on ideology in economic science
Статья научная
The article considers the role of ideological component in the works of leading Russian economists. In this paper the mutual influence of ideology and economic theory is considered. Addressing ideology explicitly is important in order to be able to track how ideological processes in economic science itself influence our lives through ways of thinking and politics. The analysis of the use of the concept of “ideology” by leading Russian economists is conducted. With the help of quantitative content analysis of the formed base of scientific articles of 21 leading Russian economists, a categorical grid (dictionary) of content analysis, including 406 word-combinations, was formed. To identify key microthemes, factor analysis (principal component analysis) was used; as a result, nine thematic groups were identified based on the interpretation of the obtained factor loads of the principal components: relationship of ideology with the formation of world economic patterns in the context of the formation of a new configuration of the global economy; relationship of market mechanisms and economic development; economic reproduction, state planning and control; global dominance and hegemony of the United States; state regulation with an emphasis on issues of entrepreneurship and capital reproduction and public interests; liberal globalization in the context of international cooperation and social responsibility; administrative reform, regulation and executive power of the Russian Federation; development of information technologies and information economy in the context of meeting needs, decision-making and organization of production and regional and spatial development of Russia. The analysis of microthemes from texts of leading Russian economists, using in explicit form the concept of ideology, allows showing the influence of the ideological component on positive and normative aspects of research within the framework of Russian economic science.
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Статья научная
The work is devoted to the study of the labor situation of households with children, as well as its dynamics in the new conditions of Russia's development after 2022. The information base for the research was formed by data from a specially organized survey conducted in 2024 among representatives of households with children using telephone interviews. The paper revealed the actual characteristics of households with children, which make up their socio-demographic and labor potential, determine the employment status of households and their (non-)sustainability, and set objective limits on the rate and quality of employment in households, some of which are beyond economic activity and working age. We carried out the identification of households with children belonging to different groups as the stability of their employment situation decreases, based on a comprehensive assessment. The criteria used for identification were: (I) realization of the household's labor potential, (II) stability and sustainability of employment in the household, and (III) employment potential to ensure the economic sustainability of the household. We determined the scale of these groups among households with children in general and by their types (as of 2024) – with stable, with relatively stable, with partially unstable, and with unstable employment status. The article revealed that the scale of groups among households with children increases with the “transition” from a stable to an unstable employment situation. The research proved that the prevalence of stable employment status reaches the highest values among households with one child (4.6%), unstable employment status among large households (78.8%)
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Level of development of scientific and education environment in Russian regions
Статья научная
The article describes the state of modern scientific-educational complex in Russian regions. It evaluates the RF subjects according to the authors’ methodology of calculating the integral index of the territories’ scientific and education environment development. Besides, the article proposes the grouping of the regions which allows for determining the main directions of Russia’s scientific and education environment development.
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Статья научная
From 2021 to 2024, Russia has been witnessing a growth in citizens’ living standard, which can be traced by the dynamics of poverty, real income and real disposable income indicators. The aim of the study is to identify trends in leveling regional differences in the indicators of standard of living in constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the period of 2005–2023. The estimations of inequality in standard of living of the population of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and its changes over time are based on the analysis of dynamics of the certain indicators. They are as follows: the share of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence level, the ratio of average per capita monetary incomes of the population to the subsistence level and to the cost of a fixed set of goods and services. The author uses variation analysis and the index method to identify the nature of the regional asymmetry in the indicators’ values; a new indicator has been developed – the total regional index of monetary incomes of the population. Regional differences in the ratio of average per capita monetary incomes to the subsistence level have tended to decrease since 2021, while the ratio of average per capita monetary incomes to the cost of a fixed set of goods and services has tended to increase. The distribution of constituent entities of the Russian Federation by total regional income index value groups shows a steady increase in the share of regions with high and medium index values, and a decrease in the share of regions belonging to low-income groups. The author considers socio-economic and socio-governance factors as the major ones that determine the direction of regional differentiation; she also focuses on changing the methodology for calculating the subsistence level starting from 2021.
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Life expectancy in Russia's regions
Статья научная
Life expectancy at birth is used as a comprehensive indicator of public health and socioeconomic development. The impact of the quality of healthcare, reginal economic development and people’s welfare on life expectancy at birth in Russia requires more detailed and system-wide scientific substantiation at the level of RF constituent entities. The novelty of the study consists in identifying the impact of various factors on the increase in life expectancy by constructing panel vector autoregressions in groups of Russian regions identified with the help of clustering and showing similar rates of increase in life expectancy. The results of the obtained models in the context of the formed clusters demonstrate that the increase in life expectancy in all clusters correlates with the positive dynamics of economic development in the region and the increase in average per capita income. Factors contributing to the organization of the healthcare system in the regional context are poorly related to life expectancy indicators due to the underfunding of this area, orientation toward a decrease in the provision of beds in hospitals due to the optimization of the healthcare system and the cumulative nature of the impact. The conclusions obtained in the course of our study can be used in the practice of managing the quality of life and socio-economic development in Russia’s regions.
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Life strategies of young people: sociological research experience
Статья научная
Modern reality is the world of formation of various life prospects of a young person. The relevance of the topic depends, firstly, on insufficient sociological research into the mechanism of formation and realization of life strategies of modern youth; and, secondly, on the need to substantiate the sociological concept of youth life strategies in terms of professional self-determination with regard to its social and group characteristics. In this context, young people as the most active social group are of great interest to the authors who consider them a research target. Due to the transitivity of a social status and the incomplete processes of social maturity formation young people need a targeted design of their future. The sociological analysis of the issue involves a clarification of the concept of “life strategy” at the conceptual level (A.A. Volokitin, S.N. Ikonnikova, E.I. Golovakha, Yu.A. Zubok, V.T. Lisovsky, M.N. Rutkevich, G.V. Leonidova, K.A. Ustinova, etc.)...
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Lifelong education in the context of innovation development of Russia and Belarus
Статья научная
The article presents the results of indicators analysis characterizing lifelong education in the context of transition to innovation-based development in Russia and Belarus. Problems of developing lifelong education and main directions of integrated educational space formation in both countries are defined.
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