Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1659
Knowledge work and transnational networks in Lithuanian Public sector
Статья научная
International and transnational student mobility is becoming a global strategy of young persons’ career, and in this regard Lithuania is not an exception. Nevertheless, we lack studies in the analysis of the mechanisms and processes of the integration of mobile culturally privileged persons in the labour market of their country of origin, as it is these mechanisms and processes that allow mobile persons to increase their value in the labour market of their country of origin and to be in the forefront of the creation and transfer of innovations. In order to bridge this academic gap of studies on mobility/migration, this article deals with the “returning to Lithuania” experiences of the citizens of Lithuania who completed Bachelor’s or Master’s studies abroad. The main question of this study is how the mobility/migration experience helps in developing human, social and cultural capital and how the returnees act as the agents of innovation in their country.
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Komi Republic's agro-industrial potential
Статья научная
In this article the condition of the land and the agro-climatic resources, the agricultural sector, the zones of agricultural production’s specialization and accommodation are considered; the conceptual directions of the regional agricultural development are offered.
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Статья научная
The problem of population ageing in Russia is increasingly attracting attention of scientists and politicians. Long ago researchers recognized the irreversibility of the population ageing process in the conditions of narrowed population reproduction, but the measures to mitigate the consequences in our country, unlike Western countries, are not well developed yet. Population ageing with high probability leads to the change in labor market functioning due to the reduction in the share of able-bodied population and children and, consequently, the permanent increase in the proportion of older people in the total number of population. In these conditions the effective realization of resource potential of the older generation becomes one of the most important factors in socio-economic development of the territory. This article is aimed at studying the changes and specifics of labor activity of the population of retirement age on the example of the Vologda Oblast. The first part of the article is devoted to the main aspects of the impact of population ageing on economic development...
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Labor satisfaction as an indicator of public administration efficiency (sociological analysis)
Статья научная
Labor satisfaction is an indicator of social wellbeing of the working population. The study of subjective perceptions of labor is an important indicator of public administration efficiency. The article contains the analysis of the population’s satisfaction with labor, particularly, with one of its structural components - labor conditions. It reveals the high correlation of these indicators with the satisfaction with everyday life and labor productivity. It determines the degree of employees’ satisfaction with working conditions in such areas as health and psychological atmosphere at the workplace, equipment capability and security. The study discloses employees’ estimates in socio-demographic and territorial-dimensional aspects. The research demonstrates the interrelation between satisfaction with working environment and implementation of labor potential. The analysis indicates the importance of regular sociological research into the issues of satisfaction with various aspects of labor activity. The article indicates that for the country’s development it is necessary to take into account the labor satisfaction factor (in the narrow sense - working conditions) while developing strategies and approaches for social-economic policy and defining the standards of social responsibility, primarily, of the state and employers.
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Статья научная
The article substantiates the necessity to adopt the Federal Law “On strategic planning in the Russian Federation” as of June 28, 2014, No. 172-FL and reveals its advantages. At the same time, it draws attention to a number of strategic planning issues, not stipulated by the law, and suggests measures for further improvement of the legislation.
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Leading Russian economists on ideology in economic science
Статья научная
The article considers the role of ideological component in the works of leading Russian economists. In this paper the mutual influence of ideology and economic theory is considered. Addressing ideology explicitly is important in order to be able to track how ideological processes in economic science itself influence our lives through ways of thinking and politics. The analysis of the use of the concept of “ideology” by leading Russian economists is conducted. With the help of quantitative content analysis of the formed base of scientific articles of 21 leading Russian economists, a categorical grid (dictionary) of content analysis, including 406 word-combinations, was formed. To identify key microthemes, factor analysis (principal component analysis) was used; as a result, nine thematic groups were identified based on the interpretation of the obtained factor loads of the principal components: relationship of ideology with the formation of world economic patterns in the context of the formation of a new configuration of the global economy; relationship of market mechanisms and economic development; economic reproduction, state planning and control; global dominance and hegemony of the United States; state regulation with an emphasis on issues of entrepreneurship and capital reproduction and public interests; liberal globalization in the context of international cooperation and social responsibility; administrative reform, regulation and executive power of the Russian Federation; development of information technologies and information economy in the context of meeting needs, decision-making and organization of production and regional and spatial development of Russia. The analysis of microthemes from texts of leading Russian economists, using in explicit form the concept of ideology, allows showing the influence of the ideological component on positive and normative aspects of research within the framework of Russian economic science.
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Level of development of scientific and education environment in Russian regions
Статья научная
The article describes the state of modern scientific-educational complex in Russian regions. It evaluates the RF subjects according to the authors’ methodology of calculating the integral index of the territories’ scientific and education environment development. Besides, the article proposes the grouping of the regions which allows for determining the main directions of Russia’s scientific and education environment development.
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Life expectancy in Russia's regions
Статья научная
Life expectancy at birth is used as a comprehensive indicator of public health and socioeconomic development. The impact of the quality of healthcare, reginal economic development and people’s welfare on life expectancy at birth in Russia requires more detailed and system-wide scientific substantiation at the level of RF constituent entities. The novelty of the study consists in identifying the impact of various factors on the increase in life expectancy by constructing panel vector autoregressions in groups of Russian regions identified with the help of clustering and showing similar rates of increase in life expectancy. The results of the obtained models in the context of the formed clusters demonstrate that the increase in life expectancy in all clusters correlates with the positive dynamics of economic development in the region and the increase in average per capita income. Factors contributing to the organization of the healthcare system in the regional context are poorly related to life expectancy indicators due to the underfunding of this area, orientation toward a decrease in the provision of beds in hospitals due to the optimization of the healthcare system and the cumulative nature of the impact. The conclusions obtained in the course of our study can be used in the practice of managing the quality of life and socio-economic development in Russia’s regions.
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Life strategies of young people: sociological research experience
Статья научная
Modern reality is the world of formation of various life prospects of a young person. The relevance of the topic depends, firstly, on insufficient sociological research into the mechanism of formation and realization of life strategies of modern youth; and, secondly, on the need to substantiate the sociological concept of youth life strategies in terms of professional self-determination with regard to its social and group characteristics. In this context, young people as the most active social group are of great interest to the authors who consider them a research target. Due to the transitivity of a social status and the incomplete processes of social maturity formation young people need a targeted design of their future. The sociological analysis of the issue involves a clarification of the concept of “life strategy” at the conceptual level (A.A. Volokitin, S.N. Ikonnikova, E.I. Golovakha, Yu.A. Zubok, V.T. Lisovsky, M.N. Rutkevich, G.V. Leonidova, K.A. Ustinova, etc.)...
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Lifelong education in the context of innovation development of Russia and Belarus
Статья научная
The article presents the results of indicators analysis characterizing lifelong education in the context of transition to innovation-based development in Russia and Belarus. Problems of developing lifelong education and main directions of integrated educational space formation in both countries are defined.
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Lifelong learning as a condition for human capital formation
Статья научная
The article gives the grounds for lifelong learning as one of the conditions for human capital formation. The parameters that can be a base for evaluating the involvement of the population in the educational process are defined. Professional training of population was studied at the regional level on the basis of opinion polls. The results of the analysis allowed the authors to reveal the conditions that promote and hinder the development of lifelong learning system in the region.
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Lifelong learning in Russia as a mechanism for the reproduction of human potential: gender aspect
Статья научная
The article presents a study of the peculiarities of the involvement of Russian men and women in lifelong learning. The analysis of both Russian and foreign studies allowed putting forward the hypothesis that women and men may have different approaches to the construction of a lifelong learning educational path. The purpose of this study is to assess the parameters of women's and men's involvement in lifelong learning, including the goals and sources of funding, in order to identify similarities and gender asymmetry of lifelong learning path in Russia. The data of the sample survey of population involvement in lifelong learning, conducted by Rosstat in 2020, show that women and men's age profiles are similar, but their levels of involvement in different types of lifelong learning are not the same: men participate more actively in non-formal education, and women - in self-education. The current segregation of additional studies for qualification and field generally reflects the existing sectoral and occupational segregation in employment. At the same time, both women and men rarely associate their additional training with the expanded career opportunities, which may indicate the absence of a full-fledged system of vertical professional mobility based on the human potential growth. Our calculations show that employers more often invite men than women to take additional education and, accordingly, women more often than men pay for it themselves. Women with young children experience particular difficulties in participating in non-formal education and more often than others have to pay for themselves. This, in our view, contributes to the formation of gender inequality of opportunities for participation in lifelong learning, which makes it important to consider the gender factor in state programs of lifelong learning development in order to maximize its contribution to the human potential reproduction.
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Статья научная
Social partnership between authorities and business is a strategic factor of a territory’s socio-economic development and increase of the level of competitiveness among local tourist products and services. The purpose of the study is to identify the key limitations in the formation of social partnership between government and business in the context of solving the issues of developing the tourist attractiveness of municipalities of the Russian Federation. The authors used general scientific research methods (generalization, systematization, etc.) and analytical procedures based on comparative and system analysis methods. The key method was a questionnaire survey of experts - heads of municipalities (N = 306). The study was conducted in 2019. As a result of the survey, we identified the key problems of implementing social partnership projects in the tourism sector that do not allow local authorities to form sustainable interaction strategies with business: lack of interest among business, unfavorable investment climate, lack of efficient support for projects in mass media, etc. The authors justified the expediency of using municipal property on the principles of the cooperation economy as a tool for the development of social partnership in the tourism area. By summarizing successful practices of business participation in the development of municipal tourism and analyzing the survey results, we developed the areas for improving activities of local authorities to create conditions for the formation of tourist attractiveness based on social partnership (creation of museum and tourist clusters, branding of the territory, active informational support and popularization of tourist destinations in mass media, organization of project offices for tourism development, etc.). The authors conclude that the institutional environment for the development of social partnership in the tourism area is currently at the formation stage. It requires further study.
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Linen textiles - a reserve of economic growth
Статья научная
The paper deals with the possibility to set up production of linen textiles, one of the main products in the domestic light industry. It is proved that to solve this problem it is necessary to strengthen the government support of the linen complex not only at the stage of flax growing but at the following stages of industrial processing - up to turnout of linen products. The author gives a detailed description of a prospective pilot project “Development of the linen complex in Vologda oblast” and its effectiveness.
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Localization of foreign production as a tool to develop the export base of the Russian Federation
Статья научная
The relevance of our paper lies in the fact that in the conditions of the “new normality” of the world economy and amid international competition and protectionist measures, developed partner countries of Russia replace imports with localization of production. The main idea and goal of the paper is to substantiate the essence of the strategy of localization of foreign production for various stages of geo-economic development and the implications for the national economy. Its scientific novelty consists in the fact that it develops theoretical provisions that identify motives for the use of the strategy of foreign production localization by host economies at various stages of geo-economic development; the paper also classifies and assesses possible effects that a country obtains in the process of localization (on the example of Russia). We use the following research methods: analysis of localization experience of different groups of countries; synthesis of the experience of localization of foreign production in Russia in terms of using the institutional framework to promote localization and systematization of localization effects based on the analysis of the opinions of its participants and content analysis of press releases about their activities (companies included in the rating of major companies operating in Russia, and the list of special investment contracts); statistical analysis of the relative scale and some effects of localization; and analysis of the regulatory framework. The analysis has revealed that in the context of global challenges for foreign companies the localization of production in Russia, involving exports, becomes a way to preserve their positions in the Russian market. It provides the Russian economy with a number of positive effects, both quantitative (growth of investments, production and export volumes, tax revenues, and the number of jobs) and qualitative (inflow of technologies and specialists; import substitution, contribution to the revival of manufacturing; diversification of production and exports; training of local specialists, development of local production of components; improving the competitiveness of products produced in Russia and the image of Russian territories and participating companies). The results allow us to move toward the formation of a comprehensive vision in assessing the impact of the institutional factor on the foreign economic activity of territories.
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Long-term dynamics of the impact of gravitational factors on foreign trade of the Russian Far East
Статья научная
The aim of the research is to assess the dynamics of the impact of gravitational factors on foreign trade of the Russian Far East; the factors include physical distance, size of economies participating in trade, and the presence of a land border. The data array generated for the Far East in the “new” territorial boundaries for 2000-2021 indicated the focus of foreign trade of the Russian macroregion on the neighboring and large economies of Northeast Asia with a gradual dominance of China, as well as a decrease in the share of the southern Far East regions in trade turnover with border countries. Based on the technique of solving the “distance puzzle”, estimates of gravity dependence indicate an increase in the positive impact of the size of economies on the foreign trade of the Far East by 9.1% by 2021 compared with 2000 and a decrease in the negative impact of physical distance by 4.3%, respectively. According to the estimates obtained, we reveal the long-term dynamics of the Far East economy “gravitating” toward the foreign rather than domestic market. The positive impact of the presence of a land border on the foreign trade of the Far East regions was determined only in the 2000s. It contributed to an increase in their trade turnover by 209% in 2000 and by 86% in 2009. The leveling of the positive impact of the land border on the foreign trade of the Far East border regions in 2010-2021 was revealed due to the following reasons: mass exports to China from regions that do not have a land border with China; orientation of border regions toward the market of the rest of the Russian regions; decrease in the intermediary role of border regions between China and other Russian regions; small scale, volatility and specificity of trade with Mongolia and the DPRK; negative impact of quarantine measures related to the pandemic. It is assumed that in the context of current restrictions in relation to Russia, an important aspect of the development of the Far East economy should include diversification of trade interactions between the regions of the Far East and China, including through promoting cross-border cooperation.
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Статья научная
The article presents the results of identification of groups with low level and quality of life among Russian economically active population. Its relevance is determined by the clarification of national goals and targets for Russia’s development until 2030, as well as the reduction of population’s level and quality of life considering socio-economic consequences associated with measures to counter the spread of COVID-19. The results of the research complement other publications devoted to the study of multidimensional poverty and the social structure of society, offering criteria and social standards for identifying the lower groups by the level and quality of life among economically active population. Social standards for assessing the employment situation, education, material and property provision of households (monetary income, savings, and real estate), as well as social standards taking into account self-assessments of the level and quality of life, are overviewed. When identifying the employment situation, it is proposed to identify key and additional features of precarious employment with the identification of the most vulnerable groups among the employed. Based on the analysis of RLMS data, we obtained estimates of the scale of groups with low level and quality of life in Russia for 2018, which include more than 40% of economically active population. Among them, precariously employed people are the most widely represented, while a significant part of them is characterized by a concentration of signs of precarious employment. The structure of groups with a low level and quality of life is determined, and the core, extended core, and periphery are identified in their composition. The proposed methodology makes it possible to develop targeted social policy measures taking into account typical problems in the area of employment, material and property provision, etc. Further research may be linked to development of a methodology for multi-criteria identification of groups that are characterized by a more prosperous situation in terms of the level and quality of life, including the study of the prevalence of precarious employment among them.
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