Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1763
Integrated agent-based model of labor potential reproduction of a municipal formation
Статья научная
The article presents the author’s developments in the field of agent-based modeling of labor potential reproduction that help build scenario forecasts of labor potential dynamics and test various options of management actions, choosing the optimal ones. The model simulates processes of the formation, distribution and use of labor potential of a municipal district, taking into account activities of the agents of three levels: individuals (carriers of labor potential, agents-people), legal entities (employers, agents-firms), municipal authorities. Agents-people and agents-firms are present in the model explicitly as separate types of agents. The starting number of agents-people is determined at the rate of one person from each ten. “Firms” are considered in aggregate due to available statistical data: each corresponds to one type of economic activity. Thirteen agents-firms are presented as a total. Agents-authorities are present in the model implicitly and form the functioning environment of agents of other types...
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Integration approach to managing food industry in modern situation
Статья научная
In connection with the economic crisis the problem of creating an efficient algorithm for managing the food industry has recently become more urgent. In this paper we consider integration as an opportunity to improve efficiency and competitiveness of domestic enterprises. During the analysis of economic activity the given food industry, it has been concluded that under the current conditions the integration approach allows us to obtain competitive advantages, take leading positions in the market.
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Integration of economic space of the northern region: features and problems of ensuring
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Russia's transition to the market in the 1990s which led to the destruction of a unified national economic complex, existing technological, cooperative, social, and other ties between the territories and, as a result, to the disintegration of the country's economic space extremely aggravated the problems of the Northern regions' development. In the context of trade liberalization, when competition began to prevail over cooperation, there was a significant reorientation of economic entities from domestic to foreign markets and their integration into global value chains. In this situation, the production potential and resources of the North were used not only for domestic consumption and accelerated Russian economy development but also for export in the form of low-grade products. This economic pattern leads to significant socio-economic costs, destruction of the domestic market integrity and its space fragmentation. These circumstances make it more urgent to find effective mechanisms for integrating the Northern regions into the national economic space. The purpose of this work is to study the features and problems of ensuring spatial integration of the Northern region's economy. To achieve this purpose, a critical analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the interpretation of the essence and factors of ensuring spatial economy integration has been carried out. The key features of transformation and integration processes in the Russian North (RN) in the post-Soviet period have been revealed. The author shows that the cooperation relations of the RN with other regions of the country which have been preserved since the Soviet time are an objective basis for the integration processes development. However, their progress is hindered by negative demographic processes that limit the integration development in the region's labor market; a decrease in the space transport connectivity level due to the significant destruction of the system of intraregional aviation and inland water transport. The paper identifies transport connectivity of the main economic centers of the RN and “bottlenecks” in the region's transport infrastructure development. The authors substantiate conceptual basis for ensuring spatial integration of the Northern region's economy.
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Статья научная
The Russian agro-industrial complex is characterized by a variety of integration processes, complexity of their forms, contradictory nature of integration results, strengthening of the impact of the integration on the rates of economic growth and development of export potential of the country. In this regard, it is becoming highly relevant to study agro-industrial integration in various sectors of the agro-industrial complex, to define the socio-economic role of integration units, and to substantiate scientifically the prospects for further development of integration processes. The aim of the present work is to carry out a comprehensive study of the processes of agro-industrial integration in the meat products sub-complex of the agro-industrial complex of Russia, to identify their characteristics and areas of further development. The research is carried out in the framework of the system approach to the study of socio-economic phenomena and we use abstract-logical, historical, economic-statistical, and expert methods...
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Integrative economics - the economics of coordinated and socially oriented development
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The article proposes a new vision of modern economics, which is called integrative economics. It is regarded as the economics of coordinated and socially oriented development. The article substantiates the concept of “integrity” as the compromise participation of various structures in the creation of a coordinated product. The principles and structural elements of integrative economics are disclosed here. The article proves that integrative economics is aimed at ensuring promising future, oriented toward the development of a human personality.
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Статья научная
The relevance of the research is related to the need to rethink approaches to human development in Russia in the context of global technological transformations, geopolitical volatility and sanctions pressure. Despite the formally high rates of education and scientific activity, their real contribution to economic growth remains limited, which requires designing a comprehensive model of human development. The aim of the work is to review scientific publications and develop our own model of socio-economic development of Russia's human potential. Scientific novelty lies in the development of a comprehensive model of socio-economic development of human potential, integrating modern technological, economic and social aspects, taking into account Russian institutional environment specifics. Unlike the works of other researchers who also applied a systems approach, our study suggests adaptation to the conditions of the sixth technological paradigm, a hybrid development model combining government regulation of key industries with market mechanisms in the innovation sphere, as well as public control over the allocation of resources. The methodology is based on political economic and institutional approaches, which allows taking into account macroeconomic processes and the specifics of the Russian institutional environment. As a result, we reveal the following problems: technological lag, professional and qualification imbalance, poor quality of education, insufficient funding for science, high social and regional inequality. Based on the identified issues and threats, we design a human potential development model, including social and institutional spheres, as well as education, healthcare, and the labor market. The limitations of the study are related to the need for further elaboration on specific mechanisms for the implementation of the proposed model, including a system of indicators and economic policy measures. The research prospects include an in-depth analysis of regional specifics, as well as the adaptation of international experience to Russian conditions. Practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its findings to shape public policy in the field of education, science and social development.
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Intellectual potential of population: theoretical and methodological framework for research
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The article considers the theoretical and methodological framework for the research into the population’s intellectual potential. The presented materials show that this category is the subject of interdisciplinary studies, including philosophy, psychology, sociology, pedagogics, economics. One of the important conclusions drawn from the analysis of the essence of intellectual potential is the conclu- sion that the actual level of intelligence is the result of its development. It means that certain efforts on the part of such social institutions like family, education, government, promote not only the formation of smart people, but also the implementation of their potential intellectual capabilities in the production, creation of cultural values, society management, education, etc. when using this approach, the intellect ceases to be just a research object of related disciplines, but it acquires social dimension and becomes a socio-economic category. The basic theories, concepts and approaches, used in its study, were analyzed...
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Статья научная
The article considers history of establishment and activities of the International Association of the Academies of Sciences (IAAS) and the system of scientific councils created within it. Institutional features of IAAS scientific councils are shown on the example of the Scientific Council on Protection of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, which plays a crucial part in the successful implementation of scientific potential of the academies of sciences and other departmental organizations (research foundations, universities, international research centers) included in the association. We show how the content of the concepts “mission of the organization” and “vision of the organization” has been transformed with regard to the activities of the Scientific Council. We analyze the topics of scientific reports, which are traditionally presented at meetings of the Scientific Council by its members and invited speakers (using the example of the reports made at the last meeting of the Scientific Council, which took place during the First Congress of the Scientific Councils of the IAAS in November 2021). We also consider integration initiatives of the Inter-Academy Council on the Development of the Union State (developing general conditions for intellectual property turnover within the framework of single innovation space, creating institutional structures oriented toward integration, etc.). We substantiate the conclusion about the paramount importance of intellectual property protection and technology transfer for further development of international scientific cooperation within the IAAS and the Inter-Academy Council on the Development of the Union State.
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Intellectual resources as innovation development factor
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The article considers the conceptual approaches to the defining the economic category of “intellectual resources”, as well as the methodology for their assessment, the ways of intellectual resources development in the regions which did not have the academic divisions previously.
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Intensification and innovation approach toward the dairy livestock breeding in Vologodsky district
Статья научная
Using an example of farms located in Vologodsky District, the article reveals the state of affairs and the ways of modernization concerning dairy cattle husbandry, which is the Vologda Oblast’s leading branch of agroindustrial complex. The basis for modernization includes innovations in breeding, fodder production, feeding and milking technologies, loose cow housing, personnel training, optimal work organization at dairy farms and complexes, improvement of the quality of raw milk. All these factors promote the intensive development and competitiveness of the region’s agricultural organizations.
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Inter-municipal cooperation as a factor promoting the economic and social development
Статья научная
The article deals with the concept of “inter-municipal cooperation”, it substantiates the importance of inter-municipal cooperation for socio-economic development. The article describes the basic models of inter-municipal cooperation and highlights their essential characteristics. Besides, it reveals the main problems, impeding the wide-scale usage of this institution in practice and proposes a stepwise algorithm of formation and development of inter-municipal cooperation.
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Inter-municipal cooperation as an institution of strategic development of territories
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The purpose for the article is to substantiate the ways of developing the institution of inter-municipal cooperation in the context of strategic planning at the local level. Most municipal units do not have the necessary resources to develop and implement plans and programs for social and economic development aimed at the integrated solution of all local issues. At the same time, the analysis of projects on strategic socio-economic development of some municipal units in the Sverdlovsk Oblast demonstrates the territories’ disinterest in resource integration for implementing development projects to solve common problems on mutually beneficial terms. The present study is the result of the need to seek mechanisms to increase the efficiency of socio-economic development of municipal units amid limited resources. The authors propose a methodical basis of the multicomponent analysis of strategic development factors based on sectoral and territorial cooperation of municipal units...
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Inter-municipal cooperation in Russia: status, problems and prospects of development
Статья научная
The relevance of the studies on features and problems of how inter-municipal cooperation is organized in Russia is due to the need for favorable regulatory, financial and organizational conditions to promote the development of various forms of such cooperation, including increasing the scale of distribution, substantiating the role of this administrative mechanism in the development of municipalities. We also take into account the need for the Government of the Russian Federation to develop in 2021 a draft of new foundations of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of local government development until 2030. Accordingly, the article aims to analyze the current state and problems of organizing inter-municipal cooperation in Russia, to determine the criteria for the necessity and choice of the cooperation form, to substantiate the directions for improving its organization. To achieve the goal, we use such scientific methods as economic and statistical analysis, methods of generalization and expert survey (questionnaire survey of heads of municipal entities of RF constituent entities belonging to the European North of Russia). The scientific novelty of the research lies in the substantiation of a model (algorithm) for determining the very expediency and choice of inter-municipal cooperation organization form. The study shows that currently in Russia, inter-municipal cooperation is mainly carried out in the form of the functioning of the councils of municipalities within RF constituent entities, the conclusion of framework agreements, agreements between municipalities on mutual action, coordination of efforts, and implementation of joint activities. Only 2.8% of the total number of municipalities in the country participate in cooperation most closely (establishing inter-municipal organizations). We have developed appropriate recommendations to the authorities to eliminate the existing obstacles and problems in the development of inter-municipal cooperation. The results of the conducted research can be used in the activities of federal, regional public authorities, local government bodies, and serve as a basis for further research on improving local management system.
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The article proves that the rate of economic growth to a large extent depends on the involvement of the region's economy in inter-regional relations. The econometric model of the relationship between inter-regional trade and investment in fixed assets, and the gross regional product can be used to assess the contribution of inter-regional relations into economic development. The analysis of the inter-regional relations of the Vologda Oblast reveals the main problems of their development, shows the possibilities of using the mechanisms of strategic planning aimed at enhancing the cooperation between the regions.
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Статья научная
Currently, the key areas of Siberian economics include analyzing the economy and assessing the prospects of the Asian part of Russia. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to determine the contribution of the Asian part of Russia to the economy of other regions and the country as a whole. The aim of this work is to study the interaction of Russia's European and Asian parts. The input-output tables built in the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the European and Asian economic zones as of 2019 allow us to assess the effects of regional interaction at the industry level using multiplicative analysis tools. The paper presents calculated regional and interregional coefficients of direct and total costs, as well as balance sheets reflecting the creation and use of products for European and Asian regions. The results of the study indicate that in the structure of direct costs of the European part of Russia, the weight of the Asian part is significant for the production of coke and petroleum products (about 44%), ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy (about 15%) and other industries. In the structure of the total costs of the European part of Russia, a high proportion of the Asian part is observed for extractive industries, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and oil refining industry, which is partly due to the specifics of recording the results of foreign trade. If we consider the balance of use of products from the Asian part of Russia, we see that 7.5% of the produced product goes to intermediate consumption and 3.0% is sent to meet the final demand of European regions. The results of the work can be used to measure the effects of public financing at the regional and federal levels. Due to the fact that indirect and full costs account for only those product flows that relate to intermediate consumption, it seems advisable in the future to elaborate on the methodology so as to include accounting for investment goods.
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Interdisciplinary intersections of research on the determinants of aging
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The article provides a review of current research analyzing the social determinants of the aging process, which begins as early as middle age and is the result of an individual’s personal development. While scientists primarily note biological markers as its fundamental mechanisms, a trend has recently emerged toward understanding aging as a multifaceted process that includes social and psychological markers and is influenced by environmental factors that can be controlled by the will of the individual. In this regard, the issues of interdisciplinary approaches in studying aging as a bio-socio-psychological process, as well as identifying factors amenable to modeling, have gained relevance. Various classifications exist for the factors influencing the functional capacity of older adults. In most cases, they are divided into three groups: individual, social, and environmental. Factors not related to internal capabilities and health quality are usually classified as social determinants of health, which can be modified. In recent years, the idea of the possibility of constructing old age has developed, representing a set of strategies for creating and realizing an image of desired old age. This has opened a positive perspective for research and new vectors for social policy development, the goal of which is to create conditions for successful aging and healthy longevity. In the 21st century, the concept of successful aging has become an alternative to the idea of decline in old age and reflects a social demand, as the demographic shift has led to an annual increase in the number of people of retirement age. It is projected that by 2030, every sixth person in the world will be over 60 years old.
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We consider international and Russian approaches to the definition of sustainable development. The report Our Common Future was based on a triune concept of the sustainable development - environmental, social and economic. Gradually the emphasis of sustainable development has shifted from the global problems of continents, separate states and regions to studying the sustainable development of urban environment, as currently more than half of the world’s population lives in cities. On the one hand, cities determine living standards, the improvement of which is a prerequisite for meeting basic needs for employment, housing, health care, education, and rest; on the other hand, they face problems such as lack of financial resources and jobs, increasing homelessness and poverty, widening the gap between the rich and the poor. We present an analysis of the accepted documents of the UN-Habitat on sustainable human settlements development on the Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976) to the World Cities Report 2022: Envisioning the Future of Cities. We present the European way through the European Charter. The main points and concepts of the sustainable development of big and small cities of Europe are considered from the Aalborg Charter (Denmark, 1994) to the Mannheim Message (Germany, 2020). We analyze northern city ranking, which has been implemented by the Rating agency SGM since 2013. We propose a methodology for assessing the sustainable development of northern cities on eight demographic and labor indicators; conduct a grouping of 115 cities of the Russian North on the types and indicators of the sustainable development, and mark 10 most sustainable cities and 10 - with the worst ranking. The considered theoretical provisions and practical results can be used for comparative studies and planning of territorial development. We suggest the directions for improving the sustainable development of Russia’s northern cities.
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International landscape of the market of Russian economic journals
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The paper considers a new stage in the formation of the Russian market of economic journals, the stage at which an increasing number of them are accepted for coverage in international databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. In order to make an adequate assessment of the qualitative changes that have occurred in the market, we propose to introduce significant adjustments to the methodology for compiling the academic Rating of leading Russian economic journals. The adjustments affect both the subsystem of scientometric indicators where it takes into account the potential of high citations, and the subsystem of expert evaluation where it takes into account the publication's inclusion in the databases Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). We provide the results of the 4th wave of the Rating of leading Russian economic journals presented in the form of the Diamond List and the List of the second tier of journals. We analyze the shifts in the positions of the journals in comparison with previous years; we show that Russia already has 15 economic publications with international certification, among which five publications have double certification (both Scopus and WoS)...
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Interregional cooperation in the emerging Eurasian economic space
Статья научная
In 2015 the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union entered into force and presented a new stage of reintegration of the countries on the territory of the former USSR. The success of this project will depend not only on collaboration at the national level, but also on the degree of the EEU countries’ involvement in the integration process. The academic debate on this issue is a relevant and practically important task. The article highlights the results of the international online-conference “Interregional cooperation in the emerging Eurasian Economic Space”, conducted by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS June, 16-20 2015. It considers the issues associated with interregional trade and economic cooperation, interaction in the sphere of science and innovation and various aspects of humanitarian cooperation. It raises important problems of cross-border cooperation of the EEU states. The article makes a conclusion about the need to develop the integration process both in scope (through expanded directions of cooperation, which should not be limited only to contacts at the highest political level or trade partnership) and depth (through involvement of regions, enterprises, different social groups, individual citizens).
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