Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1801
Статья научная
The article considers history of establishment and activities of the International Association of the Academies of Sciences (IAAS) and the system of scientific councils created within it. Institutional features of IAAS scientific councils are shown on the example of the Scientific Council on Protection of Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer, which plays a crucial part in the successful implementation of scientific potential of the academies of sciences and other departmental organizations (research foundations, universities, international research centers) included in the association. We show how the content of the concepts “mission of the organization” and “vision of the organization” has been transformed with regard to the activities of the Scientific Council. We analyze the topics of scientific reports, which are traditionally presented at meetings of the Scientific Council by its members and invited speakers (using the example of the reports made at the last meeting of the Scientific Council, which took place during the First Congress of the Scientific Councils of the IAAS in November 2021). We also consider integration initiatives of the Inter-Academy Council on the Development of the Union State (developing general conditions for intellectual property turnover within the framework of single innovation space, creating institutional structures oriented toward integration, etc.). We substantiate the conclusion about the paramount importance of intellectual property protection and technology transfer for further development of international scientific cooperation within the IAAS and the Inter-Academy Council on the Development of the Union State.
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Intellectual resources as innovation development factor
Статья научная
The article considers the conceptual approaches to the defining the economic category of “intellectual resources”, as well as the methodology for their assessment, the ways of intellectual resources development in the regions which did not have the academic divisions previously.
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Intensification and innovation approach toward the dairy livestock breeding in Vologodsky district
Статья научная
Using an example of farms located in Vologodsky District, the article reveals the state of affairs and the ways of modernization concerning dairy cattle husbandry, which is the Vologda Oblast’s leading branch of agroindustrial complex. The basis for modernization includes innovations in breeding, fodder production, feeding and milking technologies, loose cow housing, personnel training, optimal work organization at dairy farms and complexes, improvement of the quality of raw milk. All these factors promote the intensive development and competitiveness of the region’s agricultural organizations.
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Inter-municipal cooperation as a factor promoting the economic and social development
Статья научная
The article deals with the concept of “inter-municipal cooperation”, it substantiates the importance of inter-municipal cooperation for socio-economic development. The article describes the basic models of inter-municipal cooperation and highlights their essential characteristics. Besides, it reveals the main problems, impeding the wide-scale usage of this institution in practice and proposes a stepwise algorithm of formation and development of inter-municipal cooperation.
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Inter-municipal cooperation as an institution of strategic development of territories
Статья научная
The purpose for the article is to substantiate the ways of developing the institution of inter-municipal cooperation in the context of strategic planning at the local level. Most municipal units do not have the necessary resources to develop and implement plans and programs for social and economic development aimed at the integrated solution of all local issues. At the same time, the analysis of projects on strategic socio-economic development of some municipal units in the Sverdlovsk Oblast demonstrates the territories’ disinterest in resource integration for implementing development projects to solve common problems on mutually beneficial terms. The present study is the result of the need to seek mechanisms to increase the efficiency of socio-economic development of municipal units amid limited resources. The authors propose a methodical basis of the multicomponent analysis of strategic development factors based on sectoral and territorial cooperation of municipal units...
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Inter-municipal cooperation in Russia: status, problems and prospects of development
Статья научная
The relevance of the studies on features and problems of how inter-municipal cooperation is organized in Russia is due to the need for favorable regulatory, financial and organizational conditions to promote the development of various forms of such cooperation, including increasing the scale of distribution, substantiating the role of this administrative mechanism in the development of municipalities. We also take into account the need for the Government of the Russian Federation to develop in 2021 a draft of new foundations of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of local government development until 2030. Accordingly, the article aims to analyze the current state and problems of organizing inter-municipal cooperation in Russia, to determine the criteria for the necessity and choice of the cooperation form, to substantiate the directions for improving its organization. To achieve the goal, we use such scientific methods as economic and statistical analysis, methods of generalization and expert survey (questionnaire survey of heads of municipal entities of RF constituent entities belonging to the European North of Russia). The scientific novelty of the research lies in the substantiation of a model (algorithm) for determining the very expediency and choice of inter-municipal cooperation organization form. The study shows that currently in Russia, inter-municipal cooperation is mainly carried out in the form of the functioning of the councils of municipalities within RF constituent entities, the conclusion of framework agreements, agreements between municipalities on mutual action, coordination of efforts, and implementation of joint activities. Only 2.8% of the total number of municipalities in the country participate in cooperation most closely (establishing inter-municipal organizations). We have developed appropriate recommendations to the authorities to eliminate the existing obstacles and problems in the development of inter-municipal cooperation. The results of the conducted research can be used in the activities of federal, regional public authorities, local government bodies, and serve as a basis for further research on improving local management system.
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Статья научная
The article proves that the rate of economic growth to a large extent depends on the involvement of the region's economy in inter-regional relations. The econometric model of the relationship between inter-regional trade and investment in fixed assets, and the gross regional product can be used to assess the contribution of inter-regional relations into economic development. The analysis of the inter-regional relations of the Vologda Oblast reveals the main problems of their development, shows the possibilities of using the mechanisms of strategic planning aimed at enhancing the cooperation between the regions.
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Статья научная
This study examines the role of non-profit organizations (NPOs) as an underappreciated instrument for strengthening socio-economic integration among BRICS countries amidst the transformation of the global architecture and sanctions pressure. The relevance of this work stems from the need to identify alternative mechanisms of economic interaction capable of offsetting the constraints imposed by formal institutions. Its scholarly novelty lies in developing a typology of mechanisms through which NPOs influence economic ties within the association, encompassing four primary forms: facilitating trade relations through business associations, shaping a common scientific and educational space, enabling technology transfer and supporting innovative entrepreneurship, and fostering social entrepreneurship and an inclusive economy. Non-profit organizations are considered instruments of soft power and public diplomacy, contributing to the formation of social capital as conceptualized by R. Putnam and J. Coleman – namely, horizontal networks of trust that lower the transaction costs of international engagement. Unlike existing research focusing on intergovernmental cooperation, this study systematizes the practices of non-state actors and quantitatively assesses their economic impact. The methodological framework integrates the institutional approach, the concept of social capital, and comparative legal analysis, employing methods of comparative, content, and statistical analysis. The empirical base encompasses data on 1,247 joint projects undertaken by non-profit organizations from BRICS countries between 2015 and 2023, as well as official statistics from national bodies and international organizations. The findings indicate that NPOs contribute approximately 1–4% of the association's GDP, create millions of jobs, and reduce transaction costs in international engagement. A significant institutional heterogeneity in national regulatory models governing the non-profit sector is identified, creating barriers to cross-border cooperation. Study limitations include the incomparability of statistical data and the lack of transparency regarding financial flows within the alliance. Future research avenues include longitudinal analysis of NPO activities' effects and comparative studies with the experience of other regional associations.
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Статья научная
Currently, the key areas of Siberian economics include analyzing the economy and assessing the prospects of the Asian part of Russia. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to determine the contribution of the Asian part of Russia to the economy of other regions and the country as a whole. The aim of this work is to study the interaction of Russia's European and Asian parts. The input-output tables built in the Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the European and Asian economic zones as of 2019 allow us to assess the effects of regional interaction at the industry level using multiplicative analysis tools. The paper presents calculated regional and interregional coefficients of direct and total costs, as well as balance sheets reflecting the creation and use of products for European and Asian regions. The results of the study indicate that in the structure of direct costs of the European part of Russia, the weight of the Asian part is significant for the production of coke and petroleum products (about 44%), ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy (about 15%) and other industries. In the structure of the total costs of the European part of Russia, a high proportion of the Asian part is observed for extractive industries, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and oil refining industry, which is partly due to the specifics of recording the results of foreign trade. If we consider the balance of use of products from the Asian part of Russia, we see that 7.5% of the produced product goes to intermediate consumption and 3.0% is sent to meet the final demand of European regions. The results of the work can be used to measure the effects of public financing at the regional and federal levels. Due to the fact that indirect and full costs account for only those product flows that relate to intermediate consumption, it seems advisable in the future to elaborate on the methodology so as to include accounting for investment goods.
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Interdisciplinary intersections of research on the determinants of aging
Статья научная
The article provides a review of current research analyzing the social determinants of the aging process, which begins as early as middle age and is the result of an individual’s personal development. While scientists primarily note biological markers as its fundamental mechanisms, a trend has recently emerged toward understanding aging as a multifaceted process that includes social and psychological markers and is influenced by environmental factors that can be controlled by the will of the individual. In this regard, the issues of interdisciplinary approaches in studying aging as a bio-socio-psychological process, as well as identifying factors amenable to modeling, have gained relevance. Various classifications exist for the factors influencing the functional capacity of older adults. In most cases, they are divided into three groups: individual, social, and environmental. Factors not related to internal capabilities and health quality are usually classified as social determinants of health, which can be modified. In recent years, the idea of the possibility of constructing old age has developed, representing a set of strategies for creating and realizing an image of desired old age. This has opened a positive perspective for research and new vectors for social policy development, the goal of which is to create conditions for successful aging and healthy longevity. In the 21st century, the concept of successful aging has become an alternative to the idea of decline in old age and reflects a social demand, as the demographic shift has led to an annual increase in the number of people of retirement age. It is projected that by 2030, every sixth person in the world will be over 60 years old.
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Статья научная
We consider international and Russian approaches to the definition of sustainable development. The report Our Common Future was based on a triune concept of the sustainable development - environmental, social and economic. Gradually the emphasis of sustainable development has shifted from the global problems of continents, separate states and regions to studying the sustainable development of urban environment, as currently more than half of the world’s population lives in cities. On the one hand, cities determine living standards, the improvement of which is a prerequisite for meeting basic needs for employment, housing, health care, education, and rest; on the other hand, they face problems such as lack of financial resources and jobs, increasing homelessness and poverty, widening the gap between the rich and the poor. We present an analysis of the accepted documents of the UN-Habitat on sustainable human settlements development on the Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976) to the World Cities Report 2022: Envisioning the Future of Cities. We present the European way through the European Charter. The main points and concepts of the sustainable development of big and small cities of Europe are considered from the Aalborg Charter (Denmark, 1994) to the Mannheim Message (Germany, 2020). We analyze northern city ranking, which has been implemented by the Rating agency SGM since 2013. We propose a methodology for assessing the sustainable development of northern cities on eight demographic and labor indicators; conduct a grouping of 115 cities of the Russian North on the types and indicators of the sustainable development, and mark 10 most sustainable cities and 10 - with the worst ranking. The considered theoretical provisions and practical results can be used for comparative studies and planning of territorial development. We suggest the directions for improving the sustainable development of Russia’s northern cities.
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International landscape of the market of Russian economic journals
Статья научная
The paper considers a new stage in the formation of the Russian market of economic journals, the stage at which an increasing number of them are accepted for coverage in international databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. In order to make an adequate assessment of the qualitative changes that have occurred in the market, we propose to introduce significant adjustments to the methodology for compiling the academic Rating of leading Russian economic journals. The adjustments affect both the subsystem of scientometric indicators where it takes into account the potential of high citations, and the subsystem of expert evaluation where it takes into account the publication's inclusion in the databases Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). We provide the results of the 4th wave of the Rating of leading Russian economic journals presented in the form of the Diamond List and the List of the second tier of journals. We analyze the shifts in the positions of the journals in comparison with previous years; we show that Russia already has 15 economic publications with international certification, among which five publications have double certification (both Scopus and WoS)...
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Статья научная
For most northern and Arctic territories, international migration is the only type of population movement with a positive net migration rate, which underscores the relevance of this research. The study examines international migration flows in the regions of the Russian North during the late Soviet and contemporary periods. The object of the study is 13 regions fully included in the list of Far North territories and areas equated to them. The aim is to reveal the spatial patterns of international migration in the northern regions of Russia and to assess its role in providing them with labor resources for the economy. The methodological framework includes the use of official migration statistics, census data, and scientific network methods to analyze data network structures. A network approach is applied to analyze the largest international migration flows. It is shown how migration trajectories have shifted during the transition from the development of the North in the late Soviet period to the contemporary system of international labor migration, with the Urals North and Central Asian countries playing an increasing role in migration exchange. Migration hubs and territorial clusters within migration networks are identified. The classification of migration flows allowed identifying groups of countries which have social, economic, cultural relations with the regions of the Russian North. The study highlights the special role of the Sakhalin Region and the Republic of Karelia as northern regions with the largest migration exchange with non-CIS countries. The importance of the Arkhangelsk Region in international educational migration is also noted. The study confirms the effectiveness of the network approach in analyzing international migration flows. The findings can contribute to further research on international migration and to the formulation of strategic documents for the development of the North of Russia.
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Interregional cooperation in the emerging Eurasian economic space
Статья научная
In 2015 the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union entered into force and presented a new stage of reintegration of the countries on the territory of the former USSR. The success of this project will depend not only on collaboration at the national level, but also on the degree of the EEU countries’ involvement in the integration process. The academic debate on this issue is a relevant and practically important task. The article highlights the results of the international online-conference “Interregional cooperation in the emerging Eurasian Economic Space”, conducted by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS June, 16-20 2015. It considers the issues associated with interregional trade and economic cooperation, interaction in the sphere of science and innovation and various aspects of humanitarian cooperation. It raises important problems of cross-border cooperation of the EEU states. The article makes a conclusion about the need to develop the integration process both in scope (through expanded directions of cooperation, which should not be limited only to contacts at the highest political level or trade partnership) and depth (through involvement of regions, enterprises, different social groups, individual citizens).
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Interregional differentiation and analysis of spatial inequality governance performance in China
Статья научная
The People’s Republic of China exhibits significant interregional differentiation across various socio-economic development indicators, including population, income level, education, and others. Researching the potential for managing spatial inequality within the framework of state regional policy necessitates the development of an approach for a comprehensive assessment of provincial socio-economic development. This approach should account for the state’s capacity to influence specific development indicators and include an analysis of the interregional disparities in the resulting evaluations over time. The aim of the work is to provide a quantitative assessment of regional policy performance across the provinces of the PRC in the context of reducing spatial inequality. The methodology is based on constructing a composite index of regional policy performance for 31 PRC provinces for the periods 2016–2019 and 2020–2023, incorporating 55 socio-economic development indicators. The indicators are grouped into eight key dimensions: Security; Healthcare; Education, Science and Innovation; Social Support; Sports and Culture; Transport; Ecology; Economic Development. The empirical findings demonstrated that eastern and central Chinese provinces exhibit higher composite index values, reflecting stronger policy performance. The Gini coefficient for the composite index decreased to 0.4 compared to 0.426 in the 2016–2019 period, indicating a reduction in spatial inequality in China as a result of implemented regional policy measures. The leaders were most distinctly separated from the main group of provinces in the dimensions of Ecology; Education, Science and Innovation; Sports and Culture; and Healthcare. The dimensions of Social Support and Transport displayed a more balanced distribution of outcomes across the national territory. During the pandemic period, disparities in Economic Development; Sports and Culture; and Healthcare decreased significantly. The analysis reveals that the regional policy performance index tends to be higher in economically advanced provinces of China and lower in larger provinces. Involvement in national-level spatial integration projects also emerges as a critical success factor in improving policy performance. The obtained results contribute to a deeper understanding of existing differentiation in regional development in China and provide valuable insights for refining the strategic design of future regional policy, as well as for developing and implementing measures to balance the level of socio-economic development across its provinces
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Intraregional differentiation of demographic potential in the Republic of Tatarstan
Статья научная
The issues of formation of agglomerations are more considered from the economic point of view and as an effective way of infrastructural development of territories. However, the demographic aspects of studying the potential of the regions' territories are left without attention. The purpose of the research is to determine the zones of demographic risk and stability of the Republic of Tatarstan and identify the vector of demographic development of its three agglomerations. The theoretical analysis of the concept of “agglomeration” helps consider the unification of cities and municipal districts not from the geographical and economic perspective, but as a tool for effective development of human capital. The method of rapid analysis of demographic processes in the Republic of Tatarstan developed by the Center for Family and Demography at Tatarstan Academy of Sciences is a differentiated analysis of demographic prospects of agglomerations of the Republic taking into account their initial potential. In the article, based on the agglomeration approach we differentiated intra-regional demographic potential of municipal formations of the Republic. In order to determine the zones of demographic risk in three agglomerations, we calculated the integrated rank of municipal districts according to the main demographic indicators: total fertility rate, mortality, natural growth, marriage rate, divorce rate and migration gain. The article reviews in detail birth rate as the most important category of the region's socio-demographic development. The ranking of municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan included in various agglomerations, according to the current demographic situation, helps identify the region's prosperous zones at the present development stage. The definition of risk zones will help adjust the social and demographic policy of municipalities, thereby ensuring sustainable demographic development of the Republic of Tatarstan as a whole.
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Introduction of innovation technology as a factor in environmental modernization in Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The paper considers the fundamentals of formation and realization of the modern Russian state environmental policy in the Arctic and analyzes environmental threats and challenges, including the impact of the mining and metallurgical complex on the environment. Coal industry and ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy are considered to be major producers and accumulators of waste. In the smelting of metals slags are formed, which are based on oxides. Sulfur oxides occupy one of the first places according to their negative impact on the environment. The present paper considers environmentally responsible business models in the Arctic, when the priority in management decisions is given to the issues of preserving nature and not just making profit. The main environmental issue is associated with the accumulation of waste in the places of concentration of objects of industry, transport, energy and social sphere in the confined spaces in those areas of the Arctic, where mineral deposits are exploited, raw materials are processed and transported...
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Investigating the Approaches to National Innovation Systems Modeling
Статья научная
The article analyzes some modern approaches to modeling national innovation systems that are presented in scientific literature. We use modern methods for analyzing bibliography and preparing literature reviews: co-occurrence, and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) method. With the help of this approach we conduct relational analysis of documents by systematizing and arranging keywords into special semantic clusters that reflect interest in modeling national innovation systems. The research focuses on mathematical models of national innovation systems and models that use empirical quantitative data analyzed with the help of various econometric methods based on the Russian specifics of economic development. In this regard, when searching for and analyzing relevant sources, we used the filters “Russian innovation system”, “national innovation system and Russia”. We have revealed that the majority of publications focuses on such aspects as digitalization, neo-industrialization, innovation policy and technology. We identify four directions for modeling national innovation systems: macroeconomic modeling of innovation systems, modeling of growth based on the development of innovation systems, modeling of innovative activity of firms, modeling of institutional factors contributing to the development of innovation systems. The national innovation system is modeled mainly through the use of indicators related to patenting, the volume of exports and the production of innovations. Factors determining the development of national innovation systems in this context include R&D and innovation expenses, investment in technology, education, infrastructure, human resources and the quality of human capital. Conclusions on the analyzed models often do not coincide regarding the role of the state in financing innovations, the role of various elements of the institutional structure of the economy, such as intellectual property rights and mechanisms for their protection, as well as the role of political factors. On the other hand, the conclusions are consistent in terms of the impact of innovation on economic growth and development: we note a positive correlation with indicators reflecting the development of national innovation systems.
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Investigation of food supply in the Vologda region
Статья научная
The article proposes approaches to assessing the physical and economic access to food, and an assessment of the average food consumption in the Vologda region, taking into account the differentiation according to income. Trends in food consumption in urban and rural households are considered. The results of the population's effective demand for basic foodstuffs study are given.
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Статья научная
Many domestic scientific publications are devoted recently to innovative character of the development of the Russian economy and its regions. Innovative processes in the regions are associated frequently with the basic priorities of their social and economic development. This innovation assessment should have a strong basis. The subject of the article is the study of the major features of the social and economic development in one of the Russian regions against the background of the innovative processes in this region.
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