Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1763
Interregional differentiation and analysis of spatial inequality governance performance in China
Статья научная
The People’s Republic of China exhibits significant interregional differentiation across various socio-economic development indicators, including population, income level, education, and others. Researching the potential for managing spatial inequality within the framework of state regional policy necessitates the development of an approach for a comprehensive assessment of provincial socio-economic development. This approach should account for the state’s capacity to influence specific development indicators and include an analysis of the interregional disparities in the resulting evaluations over time. The aim of the work is to provide a quantitative assessment of regional policy performance across the provinces of the PRC in the context of reducing spatial inequality. The methodology is based on constructing a composite index of regional policy performance for 31 PRC provinces for the periods 2016–2019 and 2020–2023, incorporating 55 socio-economic development indicators. The indicators are grouped into eight key dimensions: Security; Healthcare; Education, Science and Innovation; Social Support; Sports and Culture; Transport; Ecology; Economic Development. The empirical findings demonstrated that eastern and central Chinese provinces exhibit higher composite index values, reflecting stronger policy performance. The Gini coefficient for the composite index decreased to 0.4 compared to 0.426 in the 2016–2019 period, indicating a reduction in spatial inequality in China as a result of implemented regional policy measures. The leaders were most distinctly separated from the main group of provinces in the dimensions of Ecology; Education, Science and Innovation; Sports and Culture; and Healthcare. The dimensions of Social Support and Transport displayed a more balanced distribution of outcomes across the national territory. During the pandemic period, disparities in Economic Development; Sports and Culture; and Healthcare decreased significantly. The analysis reveals that the regional policy performance index tends to be higher in economically advanced provinces of China and lower in larger provinces. Involvement in national-level spatial integration projects also emerges as a critical success factor in improving policy performance. The obtained results contribute to a deeper understanding of existing differentiation in regional development in China and provide valuable insights for refining the strategic design of future regional policy, as well as for developing and implementing measures to balance the level of socio-economic development across its provinces
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Intraregional differentiation of demographic potential in the Republic of Tatarstan
Статья научная
The issues of formation of agglomerations are more considered from the economic point of view and as an effective way of infrastructural development of territories. However, the demographic aspects of studying the potential of the regions' territories are left without attention. The purpose of the research is to determine the zones of demographic risk and stability of the Republic of Tatarstan and identify the vector of demographic development of its three agglomerations. The theoretical analysis of the concept of “agglomeration” helps consider the unification of cities and municipal districts not from the geographical and economic perspective, but as a tool for effective development of human capital. The method of rapid analysis of demographic processes in the Republic of Tatarstan developed by the Center for Family and Demography at Tatarstan Academy of Sciences is a differentiated analysis of demographic prospects of agglomerations of the Republic taking into account their initial potential. In the article, based on the agglomeration approach we differentiated intra-regional demographic potential of municipal formations of the Republic. In order to determine the zones of demographic risk in three agglomerations, we calculated the integrated rank of municipal districts according to the main demographic indicators: total fertility rate, mortality, natural growth, marriage rate, divorce rate and migration gain. The article reviews in detail birth rate as the most important category of the region's socio-demographic development. The ranking of municipal districts of the Republic of Tatarstan included in various agglomerations, according to the current demographic situation, helps identify the region's prosperous zones at the present development stage. The definition of risk zones will help adjust the social and demographic policy of municipalities, thereby ensuring sustainable demographic development of the Republic of Tatarstan as a whole.
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Introduction of innovation technology as a factor in environmental modernization in Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The paper considers the fundamentals of formation and realization of the modern Russian state environmental policy in the Arctic and analyzes environmental threats and challenges, including the impact of the mining and metallurgical complex on the environment. Coal industry and ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy are considered to be major producers and accumulators of waste. In the smelting of metals slags are formed, which are based on oxides. Sulfur oxides occupy one of the first places according to their negative impact on the environment. The present paper considers environmentally responsible business models in the Arctic, when the priority in management decisions is given to the issues of preserving nature and not just making profit. The main environmental issue is associated with the accumulation of waste in the places of concentration of objects of industry, transport, energy and social sphere in the confined spaces in those areas of the Arctic, where mineral deposits are exploited, raw materials are processed and transported...
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Investigating the Approaches to National Innovation Systems Modeling
Статья научная
The article analyzes some modern approaches to modeling national innovation systems that are presented in scientific literature. We use modern methods for analyzing bibliography and preparing literature reviews: co-occurrence, and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) method. With the help of this approach we conduct relational analysis of documents by systematizing and arranging keywords into special semantic clusters that reflect interest in modeling national innovation systems. The research focuses on mathematical models of national innovation systems and models that use empirical quantitative data analyzed with the help of various econometric methods based on the Russian specifics of economic development. In this regard, when searching for and analyzing relevant sources, we used the filters “Russian innovation system”, “national innovation system and Russia”. We have revealed that the majority of publications focuses on such aspects as digitalization, neo-industrialization, innovation policy and technology. We identify four directions for modeling national innovation systems: macroeconomic modeling of innovation systems, modeling of growth based on the development of innovation systems, modeling of innovative activity of firms, modeling of institutional factors contributing to the development of innovation systems. The national innovation system is modeled mainly through the use of indicators related to patenting, the volume of exports and the production of innovations. Factors determining the development of national innovation systems in this context include R&D and innovation expenses, investment in technology, education, infrastructure, human resources and the quality of human capital. Conclusions on the analyzed models often do not coincide regarding the role of the state in financing innovations, the role of various elements of the institutional structure of the economy, such as intellectual property rights and mechanisms for their protection, as well as the role of political factors. On the other hand, the conclusions are consistent in terms of the impact of innovation on economic growth and development: we note a positive correlation with indicators reflecting the development of national innovation systems.
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Investigation of food supply in the Vologda region
Статья научная
The article proposes approaches to assessing the physical and economic access to food, and an assessment of the average food consumption in the Vologda region, taking into account the differentiation according to income. Trends in food consumption in urban and rural households are considered. The results of the population's effective demand for basic foodstuffs study are given.
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Статья научная
Many domestic scientific publications are devoted recently to innovative character of the development of the Russian economy and its regions. Innovative processes in the regions are associated frequently with the basic priorities of their social and economic development. This innovation assessment should have a strong basis. The subject of the article is the study of the major features of the social and economic development in one of the Russian regions against the background of the innovative processes in this region.
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Investment activity in the Russian economy: activation problems and directions
Статья научная
The big challenges facing Russia require ensuring high-quality economic growth which makes it necessary to search for investment resources. However, financial crises, foreign policy pressure, coupled with the export-raw materials model of the Russian economy, do not allow achieving necessary growth investment rates in fixed assets. The purpose of the research is to find and scientifically substantiate ways to enhance investment activity in the Russian Federation. For this purpose, the authors have evaluated parameters of investment activity, have analyzed the sources of financial resources for investment, and have developed specific recommendations to increase investment activity in the Russian economy. The results of the study revealed a number of problems: strengthening of sectoral and territorial disparities, growing dependence on imports of investment goods, deterioration of technological development parameters, reduction of the share of Research and Development and Research and Technological Development in GDP, and reduction of debt financing opportunities. As ways to boost investment activity, the authors propose monetary policy adjustments, expansion of fiscal and tax incentives to support investment and RTD, and development of value chains aimed at smoothing resource allocation imbalances including investment ones. The scientific novelty of the research is in development applied directions for increasing investment activity in the modern Russian economy. The methodological basis is the theory of social reproduction and national accounting. The information base of the research consists of statistical data and materials of the Federal State Statistics Service, the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical Service, input-output tables, the Bank of Russia, the Higher School of Economics, normative legal acts and program documents of the Russian Federation and its subjects, publications of Russian and foreign authors in various periodicals, monographs. Further scientific research will be related to the study of institutional factors of investment activity activation and forecasting the results of implementing the proposed recommendations.
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Investment and innovative vector of agroleasing
Статья научная
The article describes the capabilities of agroleasing as a form of state support for innovative development of baking and grain processing industry through fiscal subsidies for the purchase of new equipment. The benefits of leasing finance schemes of investing in innovative projects compared to commercial bank lending are shown by means of specific calculations.
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Investment and trade attractiveness as the factors in economic development of the regions
Статья научная
The article discusses performance indicators of trade and investment attractiveness of the regions that comprise the Siberian Federal District; it also considers the consequences of the 2008 global financial crisis and the emerging trends of economic development. Investment attractiveness of the territory is defined by a set of its socio-economic development indicators. The level of investment attractiveness is the most important condition for investment activities and it promotes the quality of life. The authors identify a number of factors that determine the level of infrastructure development and the formation of favorable business climate in the business environment. The article provides a detailed analysis of the growth rates and the volume of investment in fixed capital, which are the main evaluation indicators of investment attractiveness. The attraction of investment contributes to the development of trade relations, services and social sphere. The analysis of trade attractiveness makes it possible to rank the regions of the Siberian Federal District according to the indices of trade attractiveness, which will enable to use available resources most efficiently under the conditions of tough competition and to consider projects that enhance the attractiveness of business entities.
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Investment process financing in Russian business: assessment, trends, problems
Статья научная
In modern conditions the provision of investment process financing is the most important task of state economic policy aimed at achieving sustainable growth and dynamic development of the Russian economy in general. This problem solution requires further theoretical consideration and development of appropriate methodological, methodical and practical recommendations. Financing of investment activity development should be based on the systemic approach, which considers this process as an element of the financial support system of the state innovation development. It is necessary to conduct research in order to expand the financial component of this support, encourage the investment process development, enhance financial relations in the sphere of forming and using the intellectual property objects and develop a complex of measures to study the innovations implementation possibilities. Although economic science pays a lot of attention to various aspects of the issue, there is currently no research work, devoted to the study of sources of the investment process financing...
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Investment process in the region: the new century - old problems
Статья научная
The article deals with the investment process in the Vologda oblast, its peculiarities and problems in comparison with the North-West federal district and Russia. The ways to overcome the low investmentactivity with the increasing role of the government regulation in the region are determined.
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Статья научная
In the changing global geopolitical and geo-economic conditions, the issues related to sustainable growth of the national economy, promoting its pronounced development dynamics and providing it with high technology are among the most important directions for Russia's modern economic policy. The priority tasks of national development require an inflow of large-scale investments in the economy, but the question of their rational distribution remains open, so that the attention of investors is directed mainly toward resource-based activities. At the same time, knowledge-intensive industries, which should be at the forefront of new industrialization, are experiencing a clear lack of investment and are in a state of stagnation. In particular, the above is true for a group of Russia's old industrial regions, in which the described situation is even more serious and leads to de-industrialization against the background of insufficient amount of investment at hand. In this regard, the goal of the paper is to analyze investment processes and assess their impact on the changes in the structure of industrial production on the example of old industrial regions of the Northwestern Federal District. We have chosen this object for our study due to the fact that these subjects of Russia occupy one of the worst positions among all old industrial territories according to a number of economic and social parameters. Scientific novelty of our work consists in the need to reveal modern patterns of socio-economic processes and identify structural deformations in the economy. The findings of our study reflect the current state of investment processes and the nature of structural transformations in the old industrial regions of the Northwestern Federal District, taking place against the background of strengthening resource-based industries. Practical significance of the findings is determined by the fact that they contribute to a better understanding of the current socio-economic situation of the sample under consideration and are useful for further study of the specifics of these territories and the problems they face.
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Investments of banks in securities: the essence and development trends under current conditions
Статья научная
The implementation of modern banking activities involves the realization of investments. Investment is a complex discussion economic category, characterized by a number of features. The types and forms of investment are manifold and can be transformed with account of the state of the economy and the level of development of industrial relations. The faster growth of the financial sector in the economy has stipulated the development of financial investment. Banks as financial and lending institutions actively make financial investments in securities. Banks' investment in securities pursues a number of purposes which determine the selection of securities for investment and their quality. The article identified the targets of bank investments in securities and their development trends under current conditions on the basis of the analysis of the actual data for 2010-2014. Negative revaluation and the actual decrease in the value of corporate securities of Russian issuers reduce their commercial appeal...
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Статья научная
One of the reasons for the imbalance of labor markets and educational services is that applicants choose the universities and the specialties that are unclaimed in the present and future labor market. The article presents the results of an empirical study on identifying behavioral patterns of applicants when choosing a direction of study and higher education institution (2021, N = 4228), which was conducted among 10th and 11th graders of the Republic of Bashkortostan. We considered the results of the survey broken down by three territorial blocks: the capital (urban district of Ufa); urban area - 8 urban districts; rural area - 54 municipal districts. The analysis revealed three irrational patterns of behavior among applicants: 1) choosing “easy” humanities and economic specialties as the subject of the Unified State Exam (USE), not allowing to enter the desired in-demand specialty; 2) desire to enter a “promising specialty” not related to the choice of the USE; 3) applying for specialties not related to the choice of the USE subject and the desire of the entrant. During the study we found that the irrationality of an applicant’s behavior in a difficult situation associated with the multiparameter choice of training program and higher education organization becomes one of the causes of imbalance in the labor and educational services market in the region. We determined that further research on the behavior of applicants should be conducted in the following directions: modeling and forecasting behavior of applicants (development of a comprehensive agent-based model of the educational system of the region, allowing for computational experiments to assess the impact of various mechanisms of state influence on the behavior of agents (applicants), and the development of practice-oriented and interactive methods of vocational guidance among school students, especially in rural areas.
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Is transition in the Russian economy complete?
Статья научная
A quarter of a century passed since the beginning of market transformation (transition) in Russia; nevertheless, there are serious doubts about whether the transition is complete. The effective transition to a new type of economy should ideally be a period of transformation, modernization and the formation of a national economic model. Only in this case can it be qualified as full, adequate, and constructive. Such combination has not taken place in Russia; it seems as if the market transformations were taking place independently, and this is the root of Russia’s many contemporary problems. The current crisis in the Russian economy primarily reflects the pendency of these tasks that were necessary to be solved from the very beginning of transformation. This crisis is first of all a focused expression and continuation of the transformation and reproduction crises in the national economy, the crisis of the current defective economic models and the then pursued economic policy...
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Статья научная
Currently, the social welfare system in the Komi Republic and in the Russian Federation on the whole is undergoing gradual reforming, the main goals of which are as follows: improving the quality of life; supporting the poor and vulnerable segments of the population; mitigating possible negative consequences of reforms; improving pension provision; further improvement of targeted social assistance; streamlining social benefits; development of the social services market. In this regard, the study of methodological basis for the formation and use of financial resources of the social welfare system becomes more and more important. The goal of this work is to develop theoretical and methodical approaches to the improvement of financial mechanism for the social welfare system in the region. The paper considers the formation and use of financial resources for social protection of population in the Republic of Komi. The author reveals specifics of formation of budgets of all levels and the powers of federal and regional authorities in the field of mutual responsibility...
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Issues of improving inter-budget relations between the region and the federal centre
Статья научная
The article studies the problems of inter-budgetary relations of the subjects of federation and the federal centre. The analysis of financial interaction between the regions of the North-Western Federal District and the federal centre has been carried out on the basis of general scientific methods. The article identifies the positive and negative sides of the development of inter-budget interaction between these regions and directions of its improvement. The results obtained can be used by the federal and regional state power bodies when forming the budget policy in the sphere of inter-budget relations.
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Issues of state-society relations
Статья научная
The issues of state-society relations that have become especially acute in the conditions of the world financial and economic crisis cannot be neglected, because it can trigger the growth of protest moods. This calls for the necessity to provide public authorities with a constructive, science-based programme. In 2013 the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS (ISEDT RAS) carried out a research aimed at analyzing whether the state policy corresponds to the main requirements of the modern Russian society. In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks were set out: to review the state of the civil society in Russia and in the Vologda Oblast, in particular after the 2008 global financial crisis; to identify the socio-economic and socio-political problems, which arouse main concern among the population of the Russian Federation and the Vologda Oblast in the post-crisis period; to describe the measures undertaken by the government to address these issues...
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