Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1785
Статья научная
On the basis of the analysis of group of the small innovative enterprises of the academic and high school science of St.-Petersburg problems and ways of their overcoming are revealed. Offers on activization of their development are given.
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Prosperous old age: from scientific theories to the fundamentals of its programming
Статья научная
In most countries, due to changes in the age structure of their population caused by the global process of demographic aging, discussions have been held for many decades about the essence of the aging process itself and the mechanisms of adaptation of society to the ongoing changes. The multidimensional nature and complexity of aging, in which biological, age-related, socio-cultural, economic and psychophysiological transformations are intertwined, are repeatedly emphasized. A universal understanding of aging cannot be developed, but each country needs its own aging concept in order to provide for a full-fledged and decent life of older adults. The aim of the study is to generalize conceptual approaches to understanding aging and systematize its factors; this will allow us to conceptualize prosperous old age as a basis for effective public policy in the field of aging. Theoretical basis of the study includes foreign and Russian works on demographic aging. We elaborate on the conceptual framework used in the research and on the relations between key categories; generalize relevant aging concepts and highlight a theoretical basis for our approach; systematize factors contributing to the process of successful aging; provide our own view of the term “prosperous old age” and the conceptual framework of governmental policy on its basis. Scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that we elaborate on the concept of prosperous old age and substantiate ways to formalize it in modern institutions and tools of social policy. The results obtained can provide a theoretical basis and contribute to the further development of Russian research on successful aging.
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Protectionism in Russia: new trends in the context of the import of institutions
Статья научная
The article examines the institutional aspect of state regulation of foreign economic activity in Russia. Theoretical basis of the research is the concept of “educational protectionism” by F. List, which involves the cultivation of “young industries” under the shelter of protective customs tariffs until they become competitive in domestic and foreign markets; as well as the theory of “delinking” by S. Amin, who considers protectionism as a method for the countries, which are on the periphery of the world economy, to exit the relations of unequal exchange with industrialized countries: national economic policy should be aimed at meeting the needs of domestic development, rather than promoting international competitiveness (food security, full employment, minimum wage, etc.). Such measures were a stable element of the socio-economic model of the USSR and acted as a source of capital accumulation for the development of industry and the military-industrial complex. We come to the conclusion that the mindless borrowing (transplantation) of institutions of free trade and protectionism in Russia in the 1990s, which was not accompanied by the formulation and implementation of state strategic plans for the development of the Russian economy, led to the formation of a “mutant” economic model. On the one hand, the complete abandonment of the policy of state monopoly on foreign trade led to the flooding of the domestic market with imported goods and, as a consequence, massive ruin of domestic manufacturing enterprises. On the other hand, the purpose of the fragmentary application of protectionist policy instruments was not so much to support national producers as to create a comfortable environment for the distribution of state property among a narrow group of people close to the authorities, as well as favoring monopoly capital in a number of sectors of the domestic economy.
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Protest sentiments of the region's population in crisis
Статья научная
One form of social protest is the protest sentiments of the population, i.e., the expression of extreme dissatisfaction with their position in the current situation. In the present paper we make an attempt to trace the dynamics of protest potential in the region, draw a social portrait of the inhabitants of the region prone to protest behavior, identify the most important factors determining the formation of a latent protest activity, and identify the causes of the relative stability of protest potential in the region during the economic crisis. The study was conducted on the basis of statistics and results of regular monitoring held by ISEDT RAS in the Vologda region.
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Provision of safety - the priority in the sphere of fundamental and applied research
Статья научная
The authors are the members of the working group for the analysis of risks and security issues under the RAS President. The article substantiates the necessity of transition to the new methodological framework and principles, which reduce the country’s strategic risks, ensure and enhance the safety of anthropogenic and natural-anthropogenic spheres of human life and society from negative processes and phenomena. The article studies the issues of establishing a new criteria base for safety, methods, systems of preventing and overcoming threats and risk optimization.
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Статья научная
The paper reflects an experience of empirical research on the institutional and regulatory component in the modernization of Russian regions that are historically at different levels of civilizational development. The information basis of the study includes findings of a mass representative survey (“civil examination”) conducted by the Center for the Sociology of Management and Social Technology at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; the survey was carried out in four constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Moscow Oblast, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Belgorod Oblast and the Republic of Kalmykia; the assessment of their development include criteria of the level of socio-cultural modernization (grant # 15-18-30077). We believe that higher education is an underestimated resource of the state strategy for socio-cultural modernization of regions. People with higher education are considered as an avant-garde social group able to exert an increasing influence on the harmonious development of the country...
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Public administration efficiency and the aggravation of public health issues
Ред. заметка
December 3, 2015, the President of Russia Vladimir Putin delivered his annual Address to the Federal Assembly. Having analyzed the Address, experts pointed out the President’s worries and concerns about the efficiency of execution of development priorities he had set out.Vladimir Putin repeatedly urged the Government to implement effective measures on specific issues in the shortest time possible. However, it has not been done so far; therefore, we think that the President’s concern is reasonable.Recent research carried out by ISEDT RAS reveals certain alarming trends in the social health ofthe regional society.
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Public administration efficiency in 2000-2018 in the assessments of the region's population
Статья научная
Previous issues of our journal contain editorials devoted to the most acute issues of Russia's modern life and its future. Using expert assessments and the results of international, national and our own research, we touched upon key aspects of public administration efficiency in addressing the issues that ensure national security. These tasks are as follows: overcoming social inequality and “capitalism for the few”, ensuring the stability of the psychological state of society and promoting civic engagement of its main strata. We analyzed the state of affairs in science and education, in the economy and social sphere; we gave an objective assessment of the President's key speeches and analyzed how effectively the Government was implementing the President's orders (including those that were set out in the “May decrees”). We covered the most resonant events happening in the internal and international political arena. In the context of national security, we analyzed the correlation of interests of the general population and the elite...
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Public administration efficiency in studies of the Vologda research center of RAS
Статья научная
The article discusses the relevance of the problem for modern Russia, the main stages of development, and key research areas of employees of the Vologda Research Center RAS on the issues of evaluating and ensuring public administration efficiency. This topic has been a cross-cutting issue in the work of the Center employees since its foundation in 1990. The authors have proved that the variety of the studied issues, as well as the used methods, has been constantly developing. The paper demonstrates the formation of the agenda and subject of the work, and presents the achieved results, their scientific and practical significance, and promising areas for further studies on this topic. The authors reveal low public administration efficiency in Russia during the period of market reforms in the 1990s, which led to the crisis consequences in the economy and society. The article explores the key issues of public and municipal administration in the 2000s and at the current stage, limiting the implication of modernization processes in the country. The research makes it possible to evaluate the contribution of Vologda scientists to the development of theory, methodology, and tools for evaluating and improving the efficiency of public and municipal administration in Russia.
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Public administration issues in the development of the non-profit sector at the regional level
Статья научная
At the current stage of socio-economic development of the country the non-profit sector becomes a vital actor in the management system and the object of governance with its own unique features. The goal of this article is to present scientific propositions based on intersectoral social partnership for improving governance of non-profit organizations in the Russian regions. To achieve this goal, we used methods of systemic, comparative, statistical and sociological analysis. Works of domestic and foreign authors on the problems of engagement between authorities and the non-profit sector were analyzed. The conclusion that the term “intersectoral social partnership” is more appropriate for the conditions of the Russian regions was made. The Russian legal basis for governance of the non-profit sector at the federal and the regional levels was studied. It was identified that the conditions to attract new service providers to the social sphere were created - these providers are called “socially oriented non-profit organizations” (hereinafter - SONPOs). But it was identified that the legal basis, which opens new opportunities for SONPOs to be involved in social programs of the government, was not supported by proactive measures to strengthen the economy and human capacity of the considered organizations. This article proves that a region is the central element in the implementation of governmental policy in the sphere of regulation and support of the non-profit sector: discussed cooperation is implemented at the regional level. The concluding part of the article names structural organizational-economic and legal measures to improve the cooperation between regional, municipal authorities and the non-profit sector within intersectoral social partnership. The results of this research might be used to develop well-balanced state regional policy and programming documents as well as to plan strategic and operational events for the advancement of the non-profit sector in the entities of the Russian Federation.
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Public administration quality: assessment criteria in comparative territorial frames
Статья научная
The purpose of the article is to generalize, systematize and develop a number of key theories and concepts of public administration efficiency and quality. The author classifies and criticizes the conceptual framework of the study and evaluates the efficiency and quality of public administration. It has been found out that the traditional “functionalist” approaches based on assessment of the achieved socially significant results or economic growth are important, especially in the context of using the program-target method of administration, yet insufficient. The novelty of the research is that in contrast to the authors proposing assessments based on trivial indicators of regions' socio-economic development, the author substantiates the importance of using the complex approach in assessing the effectiveness/ quality of public administration, which helps consider not only the “effectiveness”, but also the quality of procedural mechanisms of public administration (autonomy of the executive power in choosing mechanisms of the implementation of identified policy goals; level of transparency and objectivity of mechanisms of selection and job promotion, professionalization of government employees)...
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Статья научная
Priority development areas (PDA) may serve as a basis for entrepreneurship development in tourism, creating a more competitive environment for entrepreneurial activities in relation to similar territories in the Pacific Rim. The key principles of these territories are radical deregulation and massive tax incentives. The process of creating priority development areas plays depends on the coordination of all members of the alliance which includes Federal government and business units. The purpose for the present study is to develop a mechanism of tourism cluster functioning in priority development areas through public and private sector entrepreneurship. In the framework of the set purpose the following objectives are fulfilled: the authors analyze the legislation of priority development areas; assess the current state of tourism and tourism infrastructure; develop a mechanism of tourism cluster functioning in priority development areas through one of the forms of public and private sector entrepreneurship - public franchising...
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Public health potential: current state and relation to Russian regions’ features
Статья научная
The article investigates issues related to public health and its potential in the context of modern challenges. Understanding health potential as a complex concept is based on the interrelation of various aspects of health (physical, emotional, moral, social) and well-being of an individual in various spheres of life. The aim of the work is to analyze public health potential in various regions of the Russian Federation based on individuals’ self-reported health data and the current socio-economic situation in the region. The study is based on the Selective Observation of the State of Public Health Survey conducted by Rosstat in 2019-2022, covering more than 100 thousand people. Additionally, statistical data on the socio-economic situation in the regions were taken into consideration. The analysis methods include hierarchical cluster analysis to classify regions according to the level of self-rated health using Ward’s method to determine the proximity of clusters. The study revealed two main types of health potential preservation in Russian regions. The first type is associated with a good environmental situation in the regions alongside a wide spread of rural areas and the maintenance of a tradition of health care, the second type is due to the high level of socio-economic development in the region, an effective health care system and a high level of citizens’ education. The age structure of the population turns out to be an important factor influencing self-reported health. The analysis of demographic indicators reveals that regions with high health potential have younger population. The metropolitan regions are distinguished by a high level of socio-economic development and education, which is reflected in the highest indicators of public health. The comparison of more attractive groups of regions in terms of health potential with regions characterized by low health potential shows that low living standards, poverty and high mortality of the working-age population have a negative impact on self-reported health and overall health potential. Health potential is an important indicator of the quality of life; and attention to the factors influencing its formation will allow identifying resources to improve public health and prevent negative trends in the socio-economic and demographic development of the region.
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