Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
Research and innovation activity in the region as a driver of its sustainable economic development
Статья научная
In the unstable economic environment there is an ongoing search for ways to strengthen economic stability in the regions. The development of research and innovation activities can be considered a long-term fundamental factor in solving this problem. The aim of the study is to identify the following trends in the production and distribution of innovation in the macro-region: creation and development of a polycentric structure of research and innovation activities in the regions and possible forms of its strengthening from the standpoint of economic stability in the regions. As the method of research we use structural and functional analysis of the research and innovation space of the macro-region, its current status and development trend. In the course of our research we substantiate the tendency toward the formation of a polycentric structure of scientific and innovation activity. We provide the data characterizing it in the macro-region of the North-West of Russia: location of scientific organizations in the region, their employees, internal costs allocated to research and development, amount of higher education institutions and branches of higher education institutions established in the regions, which train highly qualified personnel for various sectors, including region’s own scientific base, and serve as a source of local innovation...
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Research in the functioning of the regional budgetary system
Статья научная
The state regulation conducted in accordance with the current economic policy plays a leading role in the formation and development of the economic structure of modern society. The financial system carries out control activities in the market economy through financial mechanisms by means of financial levers and incentives to achieve financial objectives. Regional public finance, as a major part of the RF financial system, is of great importance for the reproductive process during the transfer to effective market organization of the economy. The state budget is the main link of the financial system. It is an incomparable by its amount monetary fund, winch has huge investment potential and can quantitatively and qualitatively affect the efficiency of social production. The use of this potential to a great extent will determine a development direction and regional economy sustainability. The stability of the budget system is seen in the concept of long term socio-economic development of Russia until 2020 as a vital condition for the solution of strategic economic and social objectives of financial provision of innovative development of the economy...
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Статья научная
The article presents the reproduction of labor potential of a municipal district as a continuous renewal process of its quantitative and qualitative features, consisting of three consecutive phases: formation, distribution (including redistribution) and exploitation. The research paper reveals the problems and specifics of labor potential reproduction at the municipal level on the basis of processing available statistical and sociological information on the districts of the Vologda Oblast. The materials of the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Vologda Oblast and databases of questionnaire surveys conducted by ISEDT RAS served as an information base of the research. The analysis has allowed characterizing the modern structure of labor potential as a kind of “starter” state which largely determines future development prospects. Special attention is given to the formation, distribution and exploitation of labor potential qualitative characteristics which are assessed in the article on the basis of studies carried out by ISEDT RAS in eight municipal districts of the Vologda Oblast and the cities of Vologda and Cherepovets (sample size - 1,500 people of working age)...
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Статья научная
In the article the significance and current preconditions for sustainable development of the Russian Northern cities are considered and analyzed. Necessity of strategic management methods use for achievement of sustainable development goals by the towns is proved.
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Research on influence of social transformation on rural poor aged people
Статья научная
China is in the acceleration period of social transformation. In this period, Chinese rural area is experiencing profound change in political system, production mode, living style, family structure and income composition, which is the progress of society. Meanwhile, due to the complexity and persistence of social transformation, it results in rural poor aged people and causes some difficulties for rural poor aged people to get rid of poverty. Problems and difficulties in the social transformation process must be solved and overcome in the process of social transformation.
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Research on issues of public participation in environmental protection in China
Статья научная
Public participation is an important principle of environmental protection. Public participation in environmental protection is an significant way of environmental protection as well as an indispensable social force in the environmental protection field. Environmental non-governmental organization plays a very important and irreplaceable role in the environmental protection. Basic connotation, main principles and purposes of public participation are explained; current status and issues of public participation in environmental protection in China are introduced in this paper. Causes of insufficient public participation in environmental protection in China are analyzed; countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from the aspects like legal safeguard, development of non-governmental environmental groups, expansion of public participation channels, improvement of environmental protection awareness of the public and system of environmental information disclosure and so on.
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Research on transformation development of pig industry with environment and resource restriction
Статья научная
Adequate food and pork products are important to the safety of the world. China is the world's largest country in pig production and pork consumption. Pig industry plays a significant role in the animal husbandry production of China and has become one of most dynamic pillar industries in agriculture and rural economy at present. With the increasing environment and resource restriction, pig breeding is heading to standardized, large-scale and ecological development, which will promote the ecological transformation of pig industry, ensure animal products safety, ecological environment safety and resource safety and improve the comprehensive benefit of animal husbandry.
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Статья научная
The article brings to the fore the issues related to identifying and assessing the relationship between the development of the research sector and the innovative growth of regions. It is shown that the key feature of the knowledge generation sector is research potential, the essence of which is directly related to the level of development of fundamental and applied research, the degree of their implementation in the material sector of the economy. We reveal that at present the research is carried out, which affects various aspects of the assessment of research potential, identifying the trends in its development and mechanisms of its implementation at different levels. The comparative analysis carried out in the article shows that all methodological approaches include a fairly identical set of indicators characterizing quantitative characteristics and their dynamics; many of them use aggregated indices that make it possible to compare countries and regions. In addition to the existing methods, our own approach proposes to analyze not only quantitative, but also qualitative characteristics in order to create conditions for the formation of the environment for innovative development of the region. Thus, on the example of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences we show that the priority directions of research development should not only correspond to the global and national scientific agenda, but also address the issues of innovative development of the regions in which research centers are located. The article presents the analysis of the regions in which scientific institutes and centers of the Ural Branch of RAS are located; we make a classification of these regions, highlighting the regions-innovators, regions-followers and catching up regions; priorities of innovation and technological development are identified for each region and then they are compared with the priorities of the Ural Branch of RAS. We put forward the thesis that in addition to the concentration of researchers the most important condition for the generation of knowledge and for the creation of breakthrough technologies is a high concentration of investment resources in the field of science. On the example of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences we present the data on the need for investment in the development of scientific organizations and scenarios for their development.
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Статья научная
The article substantiates the expediency of conducting research to assess the state of the agro-food system in the regions of the European North of Russia due to the increased geopolitical risks and the need to achieve strategic objectives of the Arctic territories development. Based on the analysis of statistical information, materials of the Department of Agriculture and Food Resources of the Vologda Oblast the author analyzes the change in the value of milk production, identifies municipal regions where agricultural producers boost agricultural economics, describes trends in the structure of livestock in 2000-2014. The work shows that the major resource potential for the dairy cattle breeding development in the region is concentrated in Vologdsky District, Gryazovetsky District and Cherepovetsky District. The analytical grouping helps determine that given current market conditions, state of material and technical base of the industry and level of state support it is economically feasible to increase the productivity of cows to 7083 kg, as it allows to reduce unit costs and enhance profitability...
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Reserves to strengthen the regional budgets out of the crisis
Статья научная
The article continues the discussion of issues touched in the articles by V.A.Ilyin and A.I. Povarova, about the problems of formation and functioning of regional budgets. The authors present additional data about the imbalances in the budgetary system of the North-West Federal District of the RF. They make proposals, realization of which will make it possible to increase revenues of regional budgets, to optimize their costs, to raise the influence of regional budgets on innovation development of territories.
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Resource security of healthcare in Russia: issues of territorial differentiation
Статья научная
Russia’s regions (federation subjects) vary greatly by level of socio-economic development; this fact leads to inequality in social infrastructure development as well. The same can be said about healthcare. There is a strong link between economic development in the regions and funding of medical care. It is necessary to point out that the actual level of morbidity and mortality is not reflected in the volumes of resource supply of the sector in terms of territories; consequently, the principles of social justice and social solidarity are violated. The article analyzes statistical data on the RF subjects and shows the extent of territorial disparities in the provision of population with the main healthcare resources: financial (the amount of per capita funding and the level of implementation of territorial programs of state guarantees), labor (provision of population with doctors and nursing staff), equipment (provision with hospital beds). The author points out the regions that show consistently low rates of resource security of healthcare...
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