Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1745
Problems of providing balanced development of the northern region: ecological and economic aspect
Статья научная
Under current conditions, considering the national development goals of Russia through to 2030, one of the urgent tasks is to provide the development of country`s regions on the principles of ecological and economic balance, which is especially important for the Russian northern territories because of their greater vulnerability and lower rate of ecosystem restoration. In this regard, the purpose of the work is to study the features and problems of ecological and economic balance in the development of the northern region, as well as to justify the tools to solve them. The object of the study is the Russian North as a region which has enormous natural resource and geostrategic potential, and occupies an important place in the territory of the North. The basis of the methodology is the of P. Victor model, which makes it possible to assess the presence or absence of the decoupling effect in the regional development. Subsequently, we analyze the trends for compliance with the principles of ecological and economic balance. As a result, we have found that there is no decoupling effect for all types of anthropogenic impacts in 2007™2018. Moreover, the considered trends do not meet the key principles of ecological and economic balance including the reason of the low implementation rate of environmental innovations in economic activity due to their high cost. This necessitates the need to form a mechanism of ecological and economic balance of development; it`s most important element could be a regional fund to support the implementation of the best available technologies. The fund plays the role of a financial tool to stimulate the introduction of innovations in the enterprises that are greening their activities. The scientific novelty of the work is to improve the methodological tools for assessing and providing the ecological and economic balance of the regional development. The direction for further research will be a more detailed elaboration of the mechanism to provide ecological and economic balance in the development of the northern regions in the country.
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Problems of socio-economic development of Russian territories in the post crisis period
Ред. заметка
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Problems of sustainable development of rural areas in the Vologda oblast
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the sustainable development of rural areas in the Vologda Oblast. It deals with the nature and objectives of sustainable development of rural areas. The analysis of the key indicators of agricultural activity and the state of social infrastructure in rural areas has been carried out and the main problems have been revealed. Regional and international experience in the development of rural areas is presented here. The results of this research allow us to suggest the ways of sustainable development in rural areas, which will be helpful to employees of regional authorities, managers of enterprises and organizations to create an effective system of rural development in the region.
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Статья научная
The challenges that Russia has to face due to the unstable geopolitical situation in the world make it necessary to search for internal sources of development and enhance the efficiency of territorial management. Under the circumstances, in our opinion, the priority object of state policy should be the Northern and Arctic territories, which have a huge natural resource and economic and geopolitical potential. At the same time, their development in the post-Soviet period has accumulated a set of issues that require understanding and development of mechanisms to address them, which is the goal of the present paper. The analysis has shown that the market reforms of the 1990s carried out in the European North of Russia and in its Arctic zone led to increased depopulation, degradation and primitivization of industrial production, curtailment of agricultural production, decline in the quality of life, growth of concentration of economic and social activity in the “nodal” points and degradation of the potential of peripheral municipalities...
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Problems of the state formation within economic digitalization industrial policy
Статья научная
Upcoming stage of the Russian economy formation is related to breakthrough toward new technologies that provide accelerated and advanced development of the country. In this situation, organizational and structural changes that meet the growth requirements of the economy and its foundation - industrial base - act as priorities of the socio-economic development. Newly emerging industrial policy, aimed at the deep structural modernization of the production sector of the Russian economy as the main object of this policy and digital transformation, is especially important in this context. The purpose of this work is to study problems of the formation of the industrial policy within scientific and technological changes and economic digitalization, as well as to substantiate areas of the state regulation concerning the industrial sector of the Russian Federation. We sum up theoretical and methodological basics of the industrial policy formation, review theoretical foundations of the industrialization essence and technological changes within economic digitalization, conduct the analysis of the state, trends, and problems of scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation’s industrial sector, assess the readiness of the industrial sector to digital transformation, define priorities of the Russian Federation’s industrial policy aimed at economic intensification and socio-economic development of the country. The scientific novelty of the study consists of the expansion of methodological approaches to ensuring the growth of the Russian economy and increasing its competitiveness within the new industrialization based on the formation of industrial policy in accordance with scientific and technological changes and economic digitalization.
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Problems related to regional budgeting amid fiscal consolidation
Статья научная
The development of the major financial plan of the Vologda Oblast for 2018-2020 was carried out amid stagnating GRP growth rates, a sharp decline in investment activity, further decrease in population's real money incomes. In this regard, conceptual approaches to budgeting, which should be determined in view of its orientation on providing conditions for future sustainable development, is becoming more relevant. However, according to the study, the concept of a new financial cycle is based on fiscal consolidation, which is reflected in extremely low average annual growth rates of own revenues and budget expenditure which do not compensate for inflation. Such approaches to regional budgeting are predetermined by federal guidelines, which absolutize the principle of achieving surplus at the cost of reducing the funding of the territory's future development. Year after year, the opportunities of using budget as a tool for triggering the investment policy are being missed...
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Статья научная
Scientific interest in the topic of hunting and game husbandry is due to the fact that the problems of rational nature management are coming to the fore - it concerns not only land relations, development of minerals and exploitation of forests, but also procurement of hunting resources combined with the protection of wildlife. The latter most clearly shows the problems of greening the modern economic activity and the traditional Northern economy associated with the use of the “gifts of nature”. The paper highlights methodological principles of economic evaluation of wildlife and the analysis of Northern (domestic and foreign) experience of their taxation; we propose a scheme for transition from the disparate approaches to the taxation of this activity (resource, permission, compensation, etc.) to an integrated environmental-economic approach. In addition to the existing norms, this approach includes imposing excise duties on the production of weapons, ammunition and equipment; establishing a targeted environmental fee on the use of subsoil; imposing fines for unlimited or excessive withdrawal of wildlife objects; establishing funds for the protection of wild animals and birds in the system of local budgets. A new approach harmonizes the interests of the state (RF subjects and local government bodies), local population of the Northern territories, nature users (including hunters), subsoil users, and manufacturers of weapons and equipment. We determine the source of formation of tax revenues of local budgets; this measure makes it possible to finance environmental protection measures, reproduction of wild animals and birds, creation of infrastructure in remote Northern territories. The paper proves the necessity of introducing innovative methods for state monitoring of wildlife and correct distribution of functions of federal, regional and local authorities in its reproduction.
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Production and circulation in a simple exchange economy
Статья научная
The article is methodological: it does not seek to analyze new economic phenomena; rather, its major aim is to study how these phenomena were formed and developed and how the market system was formed and developed with them. The actual subject of the study is a simple exchange economy model at the stage when production begins to be considered as its endogenous factor. This makes it possible to smoothly introduce the social division of labor into the analysis, to consider in the simplest form its combination with the differentiation of production functions in the framework of an individual household. We pay considerable attention to the analysis of socio-economic implications of the deepening of the social division of labor manifested in the transformation of the production of objects and means of labor into its independent links. We show why at this very stage of the study it becomes possible to provide a well-grounded substantiation for the mechanisms that form the market exchange value of consumer durables and means of labor, and, as a consequence, the interest rate. The introduction of the resource limitation factor into the analysis makes it possible to substantiate the need for the institution of ownership of such resources, the importance of absolute and differential natural rent for the normal functioning of the market economy, and to identify the specifics of formation of the market exchange value of land. We emphasize the importance of making the spatial dimension of the economy a full-fledged subject of analysis for pure economic theory. We touch upon a possible approach to the formulation of an initial model that would take into account the influence of space on the general parameters of economic activity. The main conclusion is that the model of a simple exchange economy helps to form a holistic view of all key categories (albeit in embryonic forms) reflecting the action of the market mechanism. At the same time, it becomes clear why further institutional transformations are required to realize all the potentials available in this form of economic activity organization.
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Статья научная
To resolve various strategic and tactical tasks in government and regional agencies, units of municipalities, analytical centers and other non-profit organizations, demographers with considerable expertise are required who can efficiently build and study analytic demographic databases, prepare resources for the development of demographic plans, identify demographic trends, conduct expert examinations of economic and socially significant programs. However, it has been difficult for a long time to assess professional qualifications of specialists in demography in order for them to perform their functions efficiently due to the insufficient number of such specialists and their mixed functionality. Departments and centers of demography opened in leading Russian universities helped resolve this issue. It was the appropriate moment to approve the professional standard “Demographer”, which clearly states knowledge, skills and abilities of a demographer at a certain qualification level and functions to perform. However, organizational and methodological issues related to assessing the quality of received training in demography to perform job functions, depending on the position and the organization in which the specialist works or plans to work, require particular attention, which determines the relevance of the studied topic. The aim ofthe research is to develop organizational and methodological aspects ofthe process of assessing professional qualifications of specialists in demography for the qualitative performance of their functions and solving issues of society. The article describes the process of assessment of professional qualifications of specialists in demography by the personnel of the Qualification Assessment Center by conducting an examination that allows assessing not only theoretical knowledge, but also skills and abilities of candidates for the qualification; the importance of using a competence approach as a base for assessing qualifications of demographers is substantiated. As part of the organizational and methodological support for the examination to assess professional qualifications of specialists in demography, recommendations are proposed for the document support of the examination, arrangement procedures of the examination, rules of conduct during the examination, requirements for examinees to pass the examination and obtain a certain qualification level as a demographer. It has been revealed that the increasing qualifications of demographic workers provide higher wages and demand for these specialists in the labor market; a demographer's career chart has been constructed, showing the relationship between the qualification level, position, and wages. The methodological basis is represented by the fundamental provisions of the concept of managerial training. The prospects of the study are to improve the quality of training and assessment of professional qualifications of specialists in demography, which will further influence the effectiveness of creation and implementation of projects for the development of human potential in Russia.
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Professional vocation: on the subject of non-economic factors in economic growth
Статья научная
The article substantiates the relevance of sociological analysis of a phenomenon such as professional vocation. Professional vocation is considered a characteristic feature of human potential. The author proposes to study the phenomenon of vocation as part of non-economic factors in economic growth.
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Programmed project modernization of the federative structure in Russia
Статья научная
The modernization is considered as a programmed project need for sustainable and balanced social development. Science and innovative should become a mover of this modernization. The article deals with the essence and meaning of modernization, it defines the forms of modernization and its features. The priorities and programmed project development institutions have been substantiated by the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, regions, municipalities and market agents. The article also analyzes the theoretical and methodological approaches to the evaluation of the eventual result of modernization which is considered as a possibility to use a human development index and / or a human happiness index.
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Статья научная
The intensification of structural transformation of the economy in Russia and its regions in the context of geopolitical instability requires searching for the most promising types of economic activity that could become drivers of development in the new economic conditions. This premise is especially relevant for the Northwest of Russia due to the fact that the economy in this macroregion has been subjected to the strongest negative impact of foreign trade restrictions. Thus, the aim of our study is to determine sectoral priorities of regional development in the form of promising economic specializations within a single macroregion. To achieve the goal, we address the following tasks: to develop a methodology for searching for promising economic specializations at the macroregional level; identify existing sectoral specializations in the Northwest of Russia; outline the profile of promising economic specializations in the Northwestern Federal District, taking into account possible interregional interactions. Based on our own methodological approach, which is the novelty of the study, we identify promising value chains in the timber industry, machine-building industries and the chemical industry. According to the results of the study, we compile profiles of promising economic specializations for regions in the Northwest of Russia; this is also an original scientific result. Based on the analysis of global economic development trends, we identify potential market niches for the industries under consideration. In addition, we propose measures to promote the development of promising economic specializations in the macroregion. The findings of the study can be useful to a wide range of researchers in the field of sectoral and regional economics, as well as federal and regional authorities in the development and adjustment of various strategic and sectoral documents.
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Статья научная
At present, the issues related to economic growth rate, increase in gross regional product, and expansion of budget revenues of territories are coming to the fore. Export is an important resource for regional economic development. However, despite the fact that exports play a major role in the economy, Russia’s share in foreign economic activity is insignificant (1.8%) and tends to decrease. In absolute values, Russia’s export is ten times lower than that of China and five times lower than that of the U.S. Under the circumstances, it is crucial to determine the priorities of export activity. In this regard, the goal of our study is to determine the priorities and directions in boosting export activity as a necessary aspect of economic growth of territories and development of the national economy. In accordance with the goal of the paper, we consider the evolution of the views on the role of export activity in economic growth and develop a scientifically substantiated methodological approach to assessing the real share of non-resource-based export of Russia’s regions in the total volume of goods shipped abroad...
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Статья научная
In modern conditions of globalization the need for interregional cooperation in the implementation of foreign economic relations of the countries becomes increasingly evident. In this case, if a country becomes part of a larger integration association, it must consider the aspects that arise during the joint existence of two or more countries in the association. The experience of the Union State, being such an association, is considered in the paper. The purpose of the study is to determine key factors preventing the creation of the common economic space of the Union State and the opportunities for development of interregional relations, which will facilitate a more dynamic adaptation of regional economies to modern business processes and, therefore, create new opportunities for the development and implementation of competitive advantages in the regions of both countries. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that the article defines the essence and meaning of “interregional cooperation”...
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Promotion of a scientific journal in international information environment: problems and solutions
Статья научная
Currently, scientists have to cope with the tasks of integration into the global scientific community. These tasks require not only specific measures aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of scientific research, but also significant efforts to create a system of Russian scientific journals of international level. The article summarizes the experience of development of the scientific journal “Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast” issued by the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of Russian Academy of Science. The author identifies significant competitive advantages of the title, which include the English version of the Journal and open access to the Journal's full-text materials, which allows it to widen its readership, to provide a publishing opportunity for writers of the world level, and to raise the level of citation. The article highlights important tasks in the development of the Journal, which have been solved by bringing the Journal in accordance with the requirements of global citation indices...
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Статья научная
The article considers possibilities of energy production increasing through forest resources rational use. This important case organizing experience, which characterizes its development prospects on the materials of the Vologda region is presented in the article.
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Prospects for economic cooperation between the Eurasian and European Unions
Статья научная
The article analyzes the history of European integration, summarizes the negative experience of some previous attempts to form a greater Europe. The authors discuss certain challenges that Eurasian integration throws out to the EU. They define the prospects of economic cooperation between the Eurasian Union and the European Union in the framework of practical implementation of the idea of “integration of integrations”.
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Статья научная
The development of tourism industry at the regional level is relevant for all the subjects of the Russian Federation. The issue is especially acute in those of them that do not have rich cultural-historical heritage and unique natural-climatic conditions. In particular, these areas include highly urbanized industrial regions of the country, which at present do not make an effective use of their potential for the development of domestic and inbound tourism. The subject of the research in this paper is tourist activity in federal districts of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the volume of tourist services in the Russian Federation and to substantiate the development of industrial tourism in the regions for the purpose of attracting additional tourist flows. The study uses the system approach, the basic scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, and statistical analysis methods. One of the innovations in the tourism business of the Russian Federation could be the organization and conducting of excursions to the enterprises of the country not only for official delegations and business partners, but also for ordinary tourists...
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Статья научная
On the basis of the analysis of group of the small innovative enterprises of the academic and high school science of St.-Petersburg problems and ways of their overcoming are revealed. Offers on activization of their development are given.
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Prosperous old age: from scientific theories to the fundamentals of its programming
Статья научная
In most countries, due to changes in the age structure of their population caused by the global process of demographic aging, discussions have been held for many decades about the essence of the aging process itself and the mechanisms of adaptation of society to the ongoing changes. The multidimensional nature and complexity of aging, in which biological, age-related, socio-cultural, economic and psychophysiological transformations are intertwined, are repeatedly emphasized. A universal understanding of aging cannot be developed, but each country needs its own aging concept in order to provide for a full-fledged and decent life of older adults. The aim of the study is to generalize conceptual approaches to understanding aging and systematize its factors; this will allow us to conceptualize prosperous old age as a basis for effective public policy in the field of aging. Theoretical basis of the study includes foreign and Russian works on demographic aging. We elaborate on the conceptual framework used in the research and on the relations between key categories; generalize relevant aging concepts and highlight a theoretical basis for our approach; systematize factors contributing to the process of successful aging; provide our own view of the term “prosperous old age” and the conceptual framework of governmental policy on its basis. Scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that we elaborate on the concept of prosperous old age and substantiate ways to formalize it in modern institutions and tools of social policy. The results obtained can provide a theoretical basis and contribute to the further development of Russian research on successful aging.
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