Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1745
Статья научная
The article deals with the issues concerning Russia’s fuel and energy complex. It specifies the conceptual principles of the programme approach to the management of its development. The authors propose a list of activities on the sustainable development of small oil business in the framework of strategic programming. A conceptual model of an economic mechanism of strategic management of small oil business in Russia is presented in the article.
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Статья научная
One of the priority areas in the development of municipal formations in the context of the new reform of local self-government in Russia is the transformation of the system of local self-government, including further consolidation of territorial systems at the municipal level. These issues are to a certain extent reflected in scientific studies and in the research on agglomeration processes as well. At the same time, in the methodological aspect, insufficient attention is paid to the transformation of municipal governance. We believe it is necessary to focus not only on general patterns, but also on the specifics of development of municipal formations located around a large city; these provisions have determined the relevance of the work. The purpose of our study is to develop a methodological approach to substantiating priorities and tools for the transformation of municipal governance in the context of the new reform of local self-government. To this end, we use methods such as analysis and synthesis, structural, functional, monographic, statistical methods, review of municipal practices, etc. Scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a methodological approach to substantiating priorities and tools for the transformation of municipal governance in the context of the new reform of local self-government. We show that transformation methods such as unification of rural settlements and transition to a single-level system of organization of local self-government, transfer of powers from the level of rural settlement to the level of municipal district, development of inter-municipal cooperation provide positive socio-economic effects for municipal formations. The findings of our work can be replicated and used in the practice of managing the development of municipal formations in Russia; they can also serve as a basis for further research on this topic concerning the improvement of the management system at the local level.
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Priorities of budget financing of cities and regions of the Russian North
Статья научная
The paper analyzes the phenomenon of the flypaper effect - non-identical growth of inter-budget transfer and equivalent growth of private income for budget expenditures - in the relations between the budgets of the Northern entities of Russia and their local budgets for 2013-2016. We conduct comparative assessment of the budget response to changes in parameters of the private sector on the one hand; on the other hand, in parameters of relations with the budget of another level. The relevance of the proposed study of inter-budget relations lies in determining the effects of inter-budget redistribution and optimal expenditures at different levels of the budget system in the current system of distribution of expenditure obligations. The purpose of the present research is to reveal the consequences of allocation of non-target transfers from budgets of the entities in the Russian North from the point of view of fiscal incentives formed in the process of inter-budget relations and the models of behavior of local budgets created by these incentives...
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Private public partnership in education: a model of human capital management
Статья научная
The article considers the issues of human capital use management as one of the most important fictitious assets which provides economic transition to the innovative way of development. The model of cooperation between regional authorities, business and higher educational establishments on the basis of private public partnership is proposed in the article. The implementation of the model will make it possible to provide prospective needs of innovative economy in highly skilled personnel in advance.
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Статья научная
This article is based on the large-scale survey “the problem of drug addiction among the youth in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania of the RF North Caucasian Federal District”. In April-May North Ossetian Center of Social Research of the Institute of Socio-Political Research RAS together with North Ossetian State University after K.L. Khetagurov conducted a monitoring aimed at evaluating the drug abuse situation in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania and identifying the causes of drug abuse among young citizens of the republic. It studied the system of beliefs, habits and aspirations of young people. The research focused on the sociological assessment of the drug abuse situation in the Republic of North Ossetia and it was based on the study of systems of beliefs, habits and preferences of the residents, as well as on the identification of the reasons for the spread of drug addiction among the population. The achievement of this goal required solution of the following tasks: • to evaluate beliefs, value systems, life plans, the state of health of the North Ossetia-Alania citizens,learn their opinion on the possibility of rational leisure time and recreation by means of monitoring;• to assess bad habits of the republic citizens, estimate the society's relation to the problems of drug addiction and drug addicts, analyze the reasons for the emergence and existence of this phenomenon in the society; • to evaluate effectiveness of the measures to combat drug addiction; • to identify reasons for drug addiction, most frequently used types of drugs, the cost of a single dose, a market place and consumers' access to drugs; • to assess practical activities aimed at improving the drug abuse situation in the republic...
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Problem of forming expert groups in regions with different levels of socio-cultural development
Статья научная
The relevance of studying the role of expert group formation in the preparation and implementation of national projects is due to the fact that their realization depends not only on the work of the links of the power and management vertical, but on the ability to attract target groups of specialists interested in a common cause. In practice, the authorities attract an inner circle of known people for this role for specific tasks. As a result, there is a problem of adequate selection of experts in decision-making groups. The purpose of the research is to experimentally identify the nature of real expert group formation, used in regional decision-making, and potential (latent) group formation as a resource of population’s social activity. The scientific novelty of the research is related to the attempt to identify expert structures that allow qualitatively realizing national projects and programs for public administration reform in the regions. The basis for experts’ involvement is their membership in various socio-professional groups, and the establishment of evaluation positions in relation to the activities of regulatory and administrative authorities. The authors use an online survey of qualified specialists in four pilot regions of the Russian Federation with different levels of socio-cultural modernization. To analyze these data, we use the correlation analysis and construct contingency tables.
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Статья научная
Appealing to the problem of distance learning at schools is caused by the urgent transfer of the educational process to a digital format against the background of the pandemic announced in March 2020 due to the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the world. Almost all national education systems in developed countries have been converted to online format. Despite the available experience and a certain readiness of the educational sphere to use distance learning, such a comprehensive mass transition to the “remote mode” could not but cause a number of problems both for the teaching corps and for students and their parents. The purpose of the research is to analyze the first results of distance learning at school in conditions of self-isolation due to the need to contain the spread of coronavirus infection in the country. Information base of the research are online surveys of teachers of the Vologda Oblast and school students' parents of the Republic of Bashkortostan, conducted in April-May 2020 by the Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Bashkir Branch of the Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The problems of distance learning are identified in a number of aspects: technical (lack of necessary equipment in households, quality of the Internet, reliability of educational platforms), organizational (lack of a unified methodology for online learning; increased workload for teachers; difficulties in conducting some creative and laboratory classes) and socio-cultural (reduced educational motivation of school children; high risks of children's health deterioration). The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive assessment of the situation related to the processes of remote learning of a mass social group of schoolchildren in the context of a pandemic by two key actors of the education system - the teaching corps and parents, as well as in identifying the problems caused by the emergency transition to online learning. The practical significance of the study is in the formation of a knowledge base and grounds for making balanced and adequate management decisions both in the event of such emergency situations, and in the course of further implementation of the national development goals of the Russian Federation until 2030: digital transformation, achieving “digital maturity” of key sectors of the economy and social sphere, including education.
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Problems and prospects of personnel support of the Moscow healthcare system
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of personnel support in the capital's healthcare. Its research is connected, on the one hand, with the analysis of statistical data on the medical personnel staff in organizations, which allows building (on the basis of theoretical model) the prognosis of availability/ absence of staff (according to different indicators). On the other hand, it is connected with the analysis of motivational factors affecting entrance into the profession, long successful professional career, processes of “burnout” and retirement from the profession. In the article, we present the results of the scientific project, conducted in 2019, on studying problems of the quality of the staff in the Moscow's system of healthcare within the implementation of the current capital standard of providing medical assistance. The usage of statistical, mathematical, and sociological research methods allowed us to identify not only the characteristic features of the available labor resources, but also the prospects of personnel support of Moscow healthcare institutions. The forecast for the development of the personnel potential of Moscow's medical organizations is based on statistical data for the last 5 years (2014-2018). The prospects of changing of the age and gender structure of employees (doctors and nursing staff), the number of doctors of the most popular specialties in the capital are shown. On the basis of sociological surveys, we reveal the level of satisfaction of medical employees (depending on working experience) with working conditions (salaries in hospitals and clinics and its correspondence with the work performed). We also define main types of doctors and nursing staff's workload, which act as motivational factors affecting the quality of medical assistance. On the basis of expert opinions, we show material and non-material factors that determine the increase of the personnel potential of the Moscow's healthcare system.
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Problems and prospects of social sphere financing in Russia
Статья научная
The article contains an overview of such main trends in the financial support of Russia's social sphere, as growth in funding, priority increase of pension provision, maintenance of the priority role of centralized sources and evening-out the inter-regional inequalities. The article presents a scenario forecast of the social systems funding up to 2020, according to which the solutions of the main tasks of the coming years, which include adaptation to demographic changes and the elimination of disproportions in remuneration, will require joint efforts of the government, business, citizens and employees.
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Problems and prospects of spiritual and moral well-being of the Russian people
Статья научная
The article reviews statistical and sociological characteristics of spiritual and moral well-being of the Russian people during 2000-2015. The authors present their own system of indicators consisting of three components: personal, family and social well-being. Special attention is paid to issues of mortality caused by external causes, harmful addictions, family breakdown, abortion, crime and economic inequality. The article suggests there is a nonlinear correlation between the level of economic development and moral and psychological climate in the society. It shows that Russian society starting from 2000 is characterized by a trend of spiritual recovery; however, some indicators indicate stagnation or even deterioration. The general level of population's spiritual and moral health is far from perfect and is nowhere near the indicators of many foreign countries. The authors characterize the recent positive changes in these spheres and stress the need to pay even more attention to the social and educational component in the government policy...
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Problems and specific features of sub-federal budgets execution in 2015
Статья научная
Last year has been marked by worrying trends in the development of a budgetary crisis in Russian regions; the crisis became apparent in 2013, when regional authorities had to get into huge debts in order to provide finances for the social obligations in the framework of the presidential decrees of May 7, 2012. The budget process in 2015 was characterized by expanding negative trends in those regions that had previously been the engines of economic growth and budget donors, which contradicts the regional development strategy. The crisis response measures consist in a large-scale optimization of expenses. Despite an attempt undertaken by the Government to replace commercial borrowings with budget loans, there are still no prospects for solving the debt issue. On the contrary, expert forecasts predict a doubling of the debt stock in regions by the end of 2017. Cuts in the expenditures on human capital development should be considered as a new negative trend, naturally resulting in the deterioration of material well-being of Russians, which was expressed in the decline in their real incomes and raising poverty level...
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Problems of agrarian sector development in the region
Статья научная
The article contains the analysis of the modern state of agriculture in the Vologda region. The factors influencing over its development and increase in efficiency are considered.
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Problems of agri-food sector in the Pechoran arctic region
Статья научная
The article shows the significance of providing people with fresh products in the development of mineral resources base in the Arctic subregion of the European North-East. The article describes the environmental conditions of the region, analyses the labor and agricultural resources. It reveals the forms of business ownership and their place in the production of certain types of goods. The article shows the influence of 1990 - 2000 transformation processes on agricultural production dynamics and the state of the industry’s production capabilities. Analytical data allowed to reveal present-day social and economic problems of the agrarian sector that are connected with macroeconomic and inter-sectoral deformation.
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Problems of assessing intangible resources in the implementation of rural development policy
Статья научная
The relevance of the research is due to the increasing importance of intangible resources, which today are considered as fundamental, strategic resources of territorial development policy. This problem is of particular importance for rural areas of the Russian Federation, which are facing a structural crisis and, as a result, difficulties in fulfilling national functions. The aim of this article is to present the results of methodological work on the creation of a system of subjective social indicators that make it possible to assess the current state of intangible resources for territorial development policy and their testing using the example of rural settlements in the Krasnodar Territory. The article shows how, based on the allocated intangible resources for the development of territories and their substantive characteristics, a system of subjective indicators has been formed to assess the state of these resources at the level of local communities. The results of the approbation of the methodology on the example of rural settlements of the Krasnodar Territory are presented. The study covered 12 rural settlements from six municipal districts. The results showed that the current state of intangible resources depends not so much on the level of development of individual settlements as on the level of development of the municipal areas in which they are included. It has been established that the first-order resources – the basic activators of the territorial development process – human potential, local identity and leadership have a higher development level. The assessment of second- and third-order resources indicates the need to strengthen efforts to activate them. The proposed methodology can be used as a tool for diagnosing the state of intangible resources in the implementation of territorial development policies at the “entrance” and “exit”, as well as a tool for regular monitoring
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Problems of designing new types of integration spaces
Статья научная
The article analyses the conceptual content of the concept ‘space', the widespread use of which in different fields of scientific knowledge is the most obvious indication of ‘spatial turn', which was outlined in modern science in the late 1980s. The structure of the integration spaces formation theory, developed by the Belarusian researchers, is revealed. The necessity of designing the new types of integration spaces, the main economic resource of which is the latest scientific knowledge, is justified.
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Problems of development and institutional reformation of the power-supply complex of Russia
Статья научная
In this article the problems of the current state of the power-supply complex of Russia and efforts for their decision by the basic institutional changes, their purposeful directivity, the difficulties for their realization and expected consequences are analyzed.
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Problems of legal support of Chinese-Russian economic cooperation
Статья научная
In recent years, the economies of China and Russia and their trade relations have withstood the global economic downturn and the pandemic tests. The volume of trade between the countries has exceeded the 100 billion USD mark for three years in a row. Cooperation has expanded from trade to investment, finance, energy, aerospace, high technology, high-speed railways, agriculture and other areas; from cross-border trade to major strategic projects where the economic interests of the countries are very closely intertwined. However, at the same time, there are certain problems in trade and economic cooperation between China and Russia, including a slowdown in the economic development of the two countries, flaws in the trade structure, system mechanisms, legal framework, etc. Alongside a slow recovery of the world economy and a rapid expansion of Chinese-Russian economic and trade cooperation, these problems hinder the free and favorable development of trade and economic cooperation between the two countries. The aim of the study is to examine the experience of the European Union and the North American Free Trade Area in the field of economic integration, especially the guarantees of the relevant legal systems in the field of trade and economic cooperation, and identify whether they can be useful for the development of Sino-Russian trade and economic cooperation. We show that by creating and improving the legal system, modernizing bilateral investment agreements, intensifying the study of free trade zones, strengthening the link between The Belt and Road Initiative and the Eurasian Union, as well as improving the cooperation mechanism of the BRICS countries, it is quite possible to provide legal guarantees of Chinese-Russian trade and economic cooperation. The main methods used in this work are empirical research, case analysis and comparative analysis.
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Problems of local government personnel quality
Статья научная
The article presents a generalized analysis of statistical data and results of sociological studies in the Vologda region addressing the problem of quality of local government personnel, and also shows the level of public approval of the authorities.
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Problems of management accounting formation at domestic enterprises
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the consideration of theoretical problems of the formation of management accounts at Russian enterprises. The article contains an analysis of interpretations of management accounts and consideration of its multifunctionality. Following is the author's point of view on the process approach to the realization of management accounts at the company; the problems that arise during the formation of management accounts practice are presented. Finally, the need to create a unified concept of the formation of managerial accounts is given. It is proposed to study and comprehend the concept of controlling. To remove the contravention between scientific treatment of “management accounts” and its practical contents it is proposed to integrate the concepts of management accounts and controlling.
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