Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1801
Статья
Бесплатно
Thorny paths of modern Russian higher professional education
Статья научная
The article analyzes problem situations on the way to acquiring professions that require higher professional education. The main attention is paid to the fact that in society there is a real gap between personal (individual) goals in obtaining highly qualified professions and the socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural needs of society. In this regard, the reference points of acquiring and passing professional socialization are analyzed, which, in the author's opinion, consists of a consistent solution (algorithm) of interconnected, consistently implemented tasks – professional education, professional orientation, professional selection and professional adaptation. The author examines how these tasks are solved from the standpoint of: a) official state educational policy; b) actions and activities of schools and universities; c) behavior of schoolchildren and students; and d) their regional characteristics. Moreover, attention is paid not so much to the educational, methodological and organizational problems of mastering professions, as to the social aspects of the process of training and obtaining higher education
Бесплатно
Threats to the region's economic security and the ways to overcome them
Статья научная
The paper summarizes the approaches to the definition of the category “economic security of the region”, gives its author's interpretation. The main threats to economic security are defined, the characteristic of their manifestation is presented. An analysis of major trends of socio-economic development of the Vologda oblast for the period from 2000 to 2009 is carried out, the most obvious threats to its economic security are revealed. The problems of regional economic policy the solution of which is aimed at ensuring economic security in the region are formulated.
Бесплатно
Three suggestions for the improvement of demographic and family policy
Статья научная
The article states the reasons for the low level of birth rate in Russia. It shows that the reduction in the intensity of births is caused by changes in the demographic behavior resulting from the sexual revolution, the significant differentiation of the population by income levels - poverty and low welfare of families with children, the decline in reproductive health and reproductive potential. Meanwhile, mortality rate in Russia is comparable with that in the developing countries; the difference between life expectancy in women and men is 12 years, but women suffer from various diseases more often, and this fact significantly increases the risk of disability by the end of employment. It is therefore proposed to improve the practice of maternity/family capital, to introduce a system of wholesome nutrition for pregnant women, preserve the retirement age for women.
Бесплатно
Другой
Бесплатно
Tools for state regulation of the region's agriculture
Статья научная
The article analyzes the issues of providing state support to agricultural enterprises in the Vologda Oblast. It classifies its municipal districts according to the production potential of agriculture. On this basis, the article proposes the ways of reducing the differentiation of the districts according to the level of their capacity development by using the tools of budget support, lending, leasing, and insurance. Furthermore, the article provides calculations of their efficiency.
Бесплатно
Topical issues of labour potential development in the Republic of Komi
Статья научная
Labour potential of the region is characterized by the size and health of the population, a progressive age distribution and economic activity ratio, an employment rate, the structure of labour resources and their professional competence, as well as the changes in these characteristics and the factors that cause them. The article deals with the trend in changing the quantitative characteristics of labour potential in the Republic of Komi for the period after the 1989 census. The current state of labour potential in the republic and its utilization level are estimated in the article.
Бесплатно
Topical issues of the improvement of intergovernmental dealings in the system of local government
Статья научная
The intension of “intergovernmental dealings” is expounded in the article. It deals with the main problems of intergovernmental dealings in the system of local self-government, which is a fundamental element of the budget system in the Russian Federation. It is difficult to transform the budget sphere of the country without strengthening of it. It is shown that the real local self-government in Russia is determined by the provision of municipalities with their own financial assets. The authors have analyzed the actual state of the financial relationship between the bodies of state power and local self-government. They have outlined a set of measures aimed at the improvement of intergovernmental dealings at the municipal level.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The sustainable development of tourism in Russia requires expanding the supply and increasing tourism infrastructure facilities in the country’s regions. Many constituent entities of the Russian Federation have significant but unrealized tourism potential. The Vologda Region is among them, where tourism is a promising economic specialization. The multiplier effects generated by the tourism industry require appropriate measurement for national and regional economies. In this regard, assessing the economic effects of tourism development in the region and substantiating its role as a factor in regional economic growth become relevant. This necessitated the development of methodological tools for identifying promising projects, calculating their effects on the regional economy, and formulating practical recommendations based on the assessment. The methodological basis of the research was the input-output balance toolkit, including the development of authorial input-output tables. The information base consisted of official data from Rosstat and the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System (EMISS), relevant analytical and expert materials, as well as intermediate tables of resources and uses of the Russian economy. The theoretical foundation included scientific works by domestic and foreign authors on tourism infrastructure development, assessment methodology, scenario modeling, and forecasting of economic processes. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development of a methodological approach that integrates input-output analysis and scenario modeling, adapted to the modern conditions of Russian statistics, for assessing the multiplier effects of tourism on the regional economy. Using multipliers, the multiplicative effects of realizing the resource potential of the tourism industry were assessed, and ways to unlock this potential are proposed.
Бесплатно
Tourism development in the rural suburban area
Статья научная
The article presents the results of the assessments of the tourism potential in Vologda Municipal District: the assessment of the tourism sector; its influence on the social-economic development of the municipality; the ways to make the usage of the tourism potential more effective.
Бесплатно
Trade and investment interactions in the Asia-Pacific Region: Effects of integration agreements
Статья научная
The aim of the work is to provide a long-term assessment of the impact of integration agreements on trade and investment interactions between Asia-Pacific countries in 1992–2023. It is determined that the Asia-Pacific region accounts for the largest share of trade and investment interactions worldwide, with intraregional trade in goods and direct capital flows being the main source. The study shows that, in terms of reducing trade and economic barriers between countries, integration agreements can be classified into shallow and deep agreements, with the Asia-Pacific region taking the lead in their creation. Based on a database compiled from various sources on trade and capital flows between Asia-Pacific countries, and using gravity modeling, the long-term cumulative effects of shallow and deep integration agreements on trade and the inflow of accumulated foreign direct investment (FDI) are estimated. The general stimulating effect of integration agreements on trade among Asia-Pacific countries was identified as increasing trade by an average of 21.9%, while their influence on FDI inflow was found to be invariant. We found that shallow integration agreements between Asia-Pacific countries reduced FDI inflows by 47.5% and promoted trade growth by 46.0%; as for deep integration agreements, they increased trade volumes between Asia-Pacific countries by 15.5% and FDI inflows by 23.6%. It was shown that, within the Asia-Pacific region, shallow and deep integration agreements conflicted with each other in terms of attracting FDI. Due to the suppression of FDI inflows by trade in goods and the longer duration of shallow agreements, their long-term cumulative trade effect was greater than that of deep agreements. Deep integration agreements encouraged both trade and direct capital flows between Asia-Pacific countries, pointing to the creation of conditions for complementarity between trade and FDI within more advanced formats of economic convergence aimed at reducing production cooperation costs. Unlike trade, FDI exchange in the Asia-Pacific region proved to be more sensitive to existing barriers to economic interaction and less flexible toward recipient countries of such investments
Бесплатно
Trade effects in the commodity markets of the Asia-Pacific region
Статья научная
The aim of the research is to assess long-term effects of trade integration in the Asia-Pacific region (APR) at the level of commodity markets - industrial and primary goods. Over the previous three decades, trade within the APR has significantly increased, thanks to the lowering of trade and economic barriers as a result of trade agreements and the WTO accession by almost all countries in the subglobal region. We show that trade between the Asia-Pacific countries greatly exceed their trade with other countries of the world, due to the increase in the exchange of goods, both primary and industrial goods including in the production chains of transnational corporations. Estimates derived from the gravity model indicate that in the long term the overall positive effect of trade integration in the APR is manifested through the complementarity of regionalization and globalization processes, with the dominance of the latter. The regionalization process stimulates an increase in most of the aggregate trade in industrial goods, while trade of primary goods is generated exclusively by globalization, which explains the motivation of a number of countries specializing in exports, including Russia, in their reluctance to expand trade agreements with other APR countries. The article points out that along with the process of regionalization, globalization in the Asia-Pacific region contributes to the expansion of trade in industrial goods, with the production chains of transnational corporations successfully functioning within the framework of trade agreements. The assessments also point to signs of the exhaustion of globalization as a source of increasing trade in industrial goods in the APR, which may be related to the fragmentation of the subglobal region as manifested in creating trade megaformats in recent years. We assume that under the current instability of foreign policy processes in the APR, the introduction of various kinds of restrictions can lead to the transformation of trade and economic relations in the sub-global region, manifesting itself in the redistribution of the accumulated benefits of integration for the Asia-Pacific countries.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article uses the synthesis of the institutional theory tools and synergetics for analyzing the need to optimize the existing system of gender power institutions in the modern Russian economy. It is known that the performance effectiveness of the projected institutions is determined by the fact that economic agents are in need of such changes. In this regard, the article is focused on a study of the processes of transformation of the traditional type of gender power disposition in Russian families. It has been determined that they are characterized by a more equal distribution of functions in the organization of household. Therefore, currently, along with the traditional type of gender power, we define two more types: the egalitarian type, when the interests of both spouses are considered and there is symmetry in the distribution of household responsibilities, and the transitional type (interim version of gender interactions between spouses). The family is considered as a closed and an open system for determining the efficiency of reproduction of these gender power types in the modern economy...
Бесплатно
Transformation of investment and savings behavior of high-income groups during the crisis
Статья научная
On the basis of results of the study conducted in several large cities of Russia the article presents key models of investment and savings behavior of high-income groups in the unfolding crisis. It shows the impact on the choice of a particular model of respondents’ views about the situation in the banking sector and the economy as a whole, determines the nature of emerging attitudes and expectations. It analyses well-to-do households’ approaches to the choice of a bank and a type of deposit and their willingness to use other ways of investing, including participation in the system of voluntary pension insurance; reflects the experience of borrowing and the attitude to different credit products. Negative phenomena in the economy and the financial sector concern households, invoking parallels with the crises of 1998 and 2008 and even with the era of the 1990s. In the near future the recession is expected to worsen. The respondents, focusing on the effect of sanctions and falling oil prices, believe that it will be short...
Бесплатно
Transformation of labor values among high school students: A comparative analysis for 2018–2024
Статья научная
In the context of accelerating digitalization and increasing uncertainty in the labor market, labor values of high school students become a key indicator of adaptation to future professional trajectories, which determines the relevance of this study within the field of social and economic change. The purpose of the research is to analyze the transformation of the structure of labor values among school students based on a comparative assessment of data from 2018 and 2024 and to identify stable typologies of value-based strategies under conditions of uncertainty. The methodological framework includes quantitative research methods: rank analysis to compare the significance of latent value constructs over time, cluster analysis to identify typological groups, and descriptive statistics. Scientific novelty lies in the empirical identification of the “flattening” of the value hierarchy, reflecting a shift from a rigidly hierarchical model to a polycentric configuration of labor expectations. In addition, the study substantiates three distinct value strategies: investment-combinational, diffuse-adaptive, and institutional-protective clusters, which represent different modes of value-based adaptation to structural labor market changes. The results demonstrate a substantial increase in the importance of work–life balance and the stability of interest in meaningful work content, alongside a declining priority of traditional markers such as long-term employment stability. These findings indicate the growing role of flexible and situational value orientations associated with Generation Z digital socialization. The main limitation of the study is the regional specificity of the sample, which restricts the generalization of the results. Future research directions include interregional comparisons and longitudinal studies aimed at deepening the understanding of value transformation processes and enhancing the applicability of the findings for career guidance policies and educational practices.
Бесплатно
Transformation of machine building of the Republic of Karelia
Статья научная
The article considers the process of mechanical engineering transformation from the beginning of market reforms up to the present time. The article provides the comprehensive analysis of the republic’s machine-building sector, represented by several types of activities, and presents the dynamics of indicators characterizing its development. Besides, it defines the region’s machine building development prospects.
Бесплатно
Transformation of social policy in Russia in the context of population ageing
Статья научная
Modern social policy in Russia is formed under the influence of population ageing. The paper presents our point of view on the current state of Russia's social policy. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the demographic situation is undergoing inevitable changes and the role of the elderly in socio-economic life is becoming increasingly important. The goal of our work is to investigate the specifics of social policy in Russia in the context of population ageing. The novelty of the work consists in the fact that it dwells upon the capabilities of the social group “elderly” as a social resource. We mainly use the following research methods: analysis of laws and regulations at various levels, analysis of statistical and demographic data and results of sociological surveys conducted by VolRC RAS, and content analysis of website materials. The study was carried out both at the national and regional levels (on the example of the Vologda Oblast). We reveal trends in reorienting Russia's social policy toward a broader interpretation of ageing and application of the concept of active longevity. However, the values of active longevity indices in Russia are low in comparison with European countries. According to sociological surveys, the elderly population of the region, which includes citizens over 60 years of age, preserves the values of active life, and many today's pensioners do not think their state of health can interfere with their ability to work. We show how interaction between the state, civil society and citizens is developing in modern social policy. We reveal territorial unevenness in the development of the non-profit sector that addresses social problems of older citizens. In the end, we put forward proposals on updating social policy in the country in the context of population ageing.
Бесплатно
