Regional economy. Рубрика в журнале - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Статья научная
Regional economic processes determine the scale of functioning and performance of small and medium-sized enterprises due to their specific involvement in the economy of a territorial entity and quick response to changes in the external environment. The unevenness and high differentiation of economic development in the territories determine the heterogeneity and differences in the level of entrepreneurship development in Russia. In this regard, the aim of our study is to arrange Russian regions into clusters according to indicators reflecting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and macroeconomic parameters characterizing the economic environment of their functioning, which either acts as a driving force or creates obstacles. The novelty of the approach consists not only in the fact that it integrates enterprises’ development indicators and indicators of the external economic environment of their functioning into the clustering parameters, but also in the formation of final clusters, taking into account the grouping of regions for each year of the period under consideration. This makes it possible to determine the stability of the territory in the group or to track the movement between groups. The k-means method is chosen for clustering. Clustering was carried out according to Federal State Statistics Service data from 2015 to 2021 in 85 regions of Russia. Five clusters have been obtained, whose features confirm the assumption that the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is determined by the economic development of the territory as an external environment of their functioning. Nevertheless, a special second cluster was identified, with the presence of restrictions on the use of the potential of the economic environment, which includes regions that differ in the average level of development of small and medium-sized enterprises against the background of high economic development. The results obtained can be used in the elaboration and implementation of policies to improve the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses at the level of the state as a whole and at the level of a particular region. Further development of our findings may consist in changing indicators or including other clustering algorithms, further typologizing regions or conducting correlation and regression analysis within individual clusters.
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Статья научная
The article represents the statistical data on the development of small business in subjects of North-West federal district for the period of 2003 - 2008. The results of the comparative analysis of the region’s achievements on such indicators as quantity of the registered small enterprises per 100 thousand inhabitants, employment of workers on small enterprises, volumes of production output at small enterprises, investments in fixed capital at small enterprises are given.
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Development of the institution of local self-government in Russia: problems and prospects
Статья научная
The relevance of the article is due to the active discussions of a draft federal law on local selfgovernment in Russia in 2022. The purpose of the work is to identify prerequisites for and substantiate promising directions of reforming the institution of local self-government in Russia. To achieve the goal we use key general scientific research methods, a questionnaire survey of Vologda Oblast municipal formations’ heads conducted in 2022, a methodology for grouping municipalities by level of development to identify the specifics of the answers of heads in the context of different types of territories and reveal the attitude of municipalities’ heads toward the draft law. This is what constitutes scientific novelty of the study. It is established that the low financial and economic independence of municipalities remains the main problem of local self-government. In addition, over the past ten years a significant number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation witnessed cases of abolition of the settlement level of government as municipal districts were converted into municipal and urban okrugs. It is revealed that the key controversial and ambiguous points in the draft law under consideration are as follows: abolition of the settlement level of government; strengthening the responsibility of municipalities’ heads to the top official of the RF constituent entity; insufficient attention to specifying the powers and functions of local self-government bodies and resources for their full-fledged and high-quality implementation. We put forward recommendations for improving the text of the draft law for each aspect specified above. The results of the research can be used in the work of federal authorities when finalizing the draft law on local self-government and in the practical implementation of the new reform; they can also serve as a basis for further research on this topic.
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Dynamics of investment in fixed capital in the economy of the northern regions
Статья научная
The article describes characteristics and trends of investment in fixed capital of the Northern regions. It singles out phases of rapid pre-crisis growth, crisis, post-crisis growth and stagnation. Stagnation and decline in recent years are caused by completed major investment projects, reduced own funds of enterprises, limited availability of investment resources and increased capital outflow. The article reveals that the growth of investment in fixed capital of the North in the post-crisis period is provided by the regions, carrying out major investment in oil and gas pipeline transport, oil extraction, production and distribution of electricity, gas and water. The changes in the sectoral structure of investment in fixed capital of the Northern regions are barely visible; the share of investment in the traded sector is still high, especially in mining, due to the Northern regions’ specialization in the extractive industries. The share of investment in the public sector and social services remains low...
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Статья научная
Social factors of endogenous economic growth are becoming the subject of modern research increasingly frequently. The contribution of human capital individual parameters and income inequality indicators are the most studied ones. Cross-country studies lead to conflicting conclusions. The results of Russian research are generally unambiguous, since the regional level of analysis is more similar in terms of institutional conditions and the level of socio-economic development. However, they do not define the nature of the impact of a number of significant social indicators on regional economic growth. In this regard, the purpose of the paper is to determine the nature of the influence of a set of social indicators on the regional economic growth dynamics by means of econometric modeling tools. The methodological basis is made up by the epistemological tools, in particular, system, hypothesis-deductive and dialectical approaches, as well as the methods of content analysis and econometric modeling. The most significant results characterizing the scientific novelty of the presented research include the following: 1) it is determined that the impact of the population's birth rate, mortality and morbidity on GRP corresponds to the nature of the dependencies identified for countries having experienced the second demographic transition; 2) it is established that the character of influence of the indicators of “life expectancy”, and “the number of students studying in bachelor, specialist, master degree programs” and “the number of employees with higher education in the region's economy” on the GRP does not correspond to the trends in developed countries; 3) it is proved that the inconsistency of the obtained results is a consequence of the underestimation of human capital as the main factor in the development of the Russian economy at the present stage; 4) the extent and consequences of the restraining effect of the analyzed social indicators on the dynamics of regional economic growth are determined. Based on the results of econometric modeling, the priorities of regional socio-economic policy for the medium term are identified, depending on the level of their impact. The authors associate the prospects for future research with a deeper study of the impact of life expectancy and mortality factors on the regional economic growth, as well as the verification of this model for the entire set of regions of the Russian Federation.
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Economic activity in Russian regions
Статья научная
The paper deals with the issues of concentration of economic activity in Russian regions influenced not only by factors of the “first nature” - presence of minerals, fertile land, favorable geographic position, but also by factors of the “second nature”, in particular, the agglomeration effects and potential savings in the scale. Analysis of the geographic concentration and the region-specific focus reflects the general trend in the concentration of industrial production, investment and human resources, provides the necessary information framework for a harmonized economic policy. The purpose for the study is to theoretically justify and analyze economic activity concentration in terms of assessment of concentration and specialization of Russian regions over time. The paper reveals terminological aspects of concentration, agglomeration, specialization, agglomeration economics and urbanization. The applied methodological tools of assessment include the localization factor, Herfindahl-Hirschman and Krugman concentration and specialization indices, Gini index...
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Economic inequality of citizens beyond averages: assessment in the conditions of its transformation
Статья научная
Inequality in Russia has been at a consistently high level for 30 years, but it is not permanent or static. New forms of it are emerging, such as digital inequality, inequality of life and work balance, health inequality, inequality of the coronavirus crisis. The difference between the richest and poorest in food consumption in terms of volume is shrinking, but in terms of quality it is growing. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to improve approaches to the measurement of economic inequality of citizens on the basis of determining the features of its modern transformation. The hypothesis of the study is that economic inequality in Russia is transforming, and the existing approaches to its assessment do not allow us to comprehensively and objectively determine its current state, which leads to the ineffectiveness of the measures taken by the government to smooth it out. A comparative analysis of the classical indicators of economic inequality was conducted: the Gini coefficient, the Theil, Atkinson, Palma indices, R/P 10% ratio (the ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%), R/P 20% ratio (the ratio of the average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%), decile differentiation ratio (the ratio of the lowest income in the tenth decile to the highest income in the first decile) and quintile differentiation ratio (the ratio of the lowest income in the fifth quintile to the highest income in the first quintile). The results of the assessment of inequality in Russia obtained by eight organizations (Rosstat, CIS Stat, World Bank, Luxembourg Income Study, Credit Suisse, World Inequality Database, UN Development Program, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) are compared. In Russia, income inequality remains consistently high, wealth inequality is excessive (Credit Suisse estimates the Gini coefficient at 0.88), and opportunity inequality is less significant in comparison to them. It is proved that the classical statistical indicators do not reflect the transformation of economic inequality, new markers are needed for this. Rosstat estimates income inequality and consumption inequality, leaving out wealth inequality and nonmonetary manifestations of economic inequality. Four directions for improving approaches to the diagnostics of economic inequality in Russia were identified: a qualitative assessment of the manifestations of consumption inequality, nonmonetary manifestations of economic inequality, wealth distribution and the increase in income differentiation within the groups of the wealthiest citizens.
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Evaluating digital ecosystems in Russia's regions
Статья научная
Successful establishment and functioning of the digital economy is possible only in an adequate digital ecosystem, but the semantic and structural content of this system has not been defined adequately yet. Such uncertainty can be found at different levels (federal, regional and local) and in various aspects: subject-related, branch, segment, technical and others. At the same time, the need to implement effective measures for the development of regional digital ecosystems requires not only an understanding of their qualitative content, but also an accurate quantitative assessment. Our paper analyzes conceptual approaches to the definition of a digital ecosystem, provides our own understanding of its full content, which allows us to build a sufficiently verifiable assessment of digital ecosystems development at the regional level. We present a technique for assessing the development of regional digital ecosystems; according to this technique two integrated indices are calculated, and on this basis we carry out an analysis on 82 constituent entities of Russia over the period of two years. The study reveals the existence of significant differentiation between the regions according to the level of development of digital ecosystems; it also helps identify a number of characteristic types of regions in this context. Our assessment has shown that, along with the majority of the regions where the development of digital ecosystems is defined as average, some regions show opposite trends. There are regions, for example, the Belgorod and Kirov oblasts, in which the conditions for the digital environment are below average, but the level of ecosystem development in them is average or higher. There are regions where the situation is the opposite, i.e. the conditions are quite high, but the level of development of the digital ecosystem as a whole leaves much to be desired. Such a negative example is the Moscow Oblast. We also identify leading regions and problem regions. We hope that a reliable assessment of development of digital ecosystems using our technique will help work out effective solutions for successful promotion of the digital economy in Russia.
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Experience in project management of socio-economic processes at the municipal level of government
Статья научная
Project management of socio-economic processes is of considerable strategic importance, since it is an effective tool for solving problems in conditions of limited resources and instability in the market economy. The use of project management at the municipal level in the implementation of urban development strategies has the following advantages: high flexibility in the formation of a list of projects; ability to choose forms, methods, resources and participants in the implementation of projects; harmonizing interests, organizing constructive dialogue and pooling the resources of various social groups (government, business, society), etc. In this regard, the aim of the work is to investigate the use of project management in the activities of public authorities and its development to achieve the goals of socio-economic development of territories. We consider major theoretical approaches to project management and present a general outline of the system of levels and tools related to the strategic management of territory’s development. We analyze the experience of project management in Vologda and prove the effectiveness of its use in the implementation of territory’s development strategy. In addition, we propose main directions for the application of advanced management technologies - the implementation of project management based on ESG principles. It includes addressing environmental issues (E - environmental), social responsibility (S - social) and personnel governance (G - governance). Analyzing theoretical foundations and Russian experience, we identify directions for the development of project management based on ESG principles, reveal current problems and propose a set of measures for further improvement of project work in the field of public administration in order to address strategic tasks of territorial development. The information base includes the works of Russian and foreign scientists, project management specialists, and data from official websites of Russia’s constituent entities. We use the following methods: analysis, comparison, generalization, sampling and grouping. The scientific provisions set out in the article may be useful to government officials and researchers interested in the implementation and application of project management.
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Статья научная
Citizens’ participation in managing the country’s development contributes to the formation of civil society and acts as a key element of democracy. In Russia, where three-quarters of the population are urban residents, it is especially important to study these issues in relation to cities, so as to understand the processes taking place in society and work out effective strategies for its development. The aim of the work is to consider ways in which residents of cities in the European North of Russia participate in state and municipal administration and to identify its features in settlements of different sizes. Based on the data of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation we analyze the turnout of residents of 68 cities of the European North of Russia for the presidential election of the Russian Federation (2018) and the election to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2021). We also assess the level of voter support provided to President Vladimir Putin and the United Russia party. It is revealed that the electoral activity of residents is determined to a greater extent by the peculiarities of the structure of the city’s economy rather than the size of the city. Based on the analysis of the results of voting for the choice of urban improvement objects, it was found that residents of sparsely populated cities are more motivated and involved in these processes. We also find out that territorial public self-government is most actively used in small, rather than large, cities. In order to assess the informal mechanisms of citizens’ participation, we analyze the availability of official profiles of local self-government bodies on VKontakte social media and the number of their subscribers, as well as data on the number of participants in informal urban communities. We have revealed that this method of communication with the authorities is mostly used by residents of small settlements. Scientific significance of the study lies in determining the features of dissemination of various mechanisms of civic participation, depending on the type of city. Practical significance lies in the possibility of using our findings by the authorities in improving the policy of involving citizens in management processes.
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Статья научная
Political, economic and social events of recent years, taking place in all of the countries, when economic institutions and systems are destroyed in a short time under the influence of negative external factors, indicate the need to create resilient socio-economic territorial systems. This problem is essential to rural areas that are most vulnerable to negative external impacts, which confirms the relevance of finding ways and directions to ensure their sustainable development. Our previous research has shown that the formation of an entrepreneurial ecosystem of rural areas, substantiating the institutions of their development, can ensure sustainability of socio-economic development of rural areas and increase their resilience. The article proposes a model for building strategies for the development of entrepreneurial organizations within the entrepreneurial ecosystem, aimed at ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas and increasing the competitive environment of the ecosystem. The purpose of the article is to develop a factor model for building entrepreneurial strategies of entrepreneurial organizations that adequately meet the role of the rural entrepreneurial ecosystem in the current conditions of development of Russian rural areas. The strategic development concept is usually applied in the analysis of large corporate organizations. It is believed that small businesses, exposed to external factors, must use adaptive tactics and cannot formulate and implement a strategy for their development. Based on the analysis of scientific literature and the results of a survey of entrepreneurs on the example of the Sverdlovsk Oblast of the Russian Federation, we found that rural entrepreneurs seek to determine strategic directions of their development. The article presents approaches to the disclosure of relevant factors that determine the model for choosing a development strategy for rural entrepreneurial organizations. The information base of the study includes research works of Russian and foreign scientists on the topic under consideration, as well as the results of a thematic survey. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt has been made to build a factor model for strategic development of rural entrepreneurs within the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystem of rural areas.
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Free port of Vladivostok: development conditions, prospects, risks
Статья научная
One of the priority directions of Russia's state policy with regard to territories' development is the development of the Far Eastern region. The free port of Vladivostok is one of the key projects that are currently being implemented in the southern part of Primorsky Krai and they focus on boosting the socio-economic development of Vladivostok city, Primorsky Krai and the Far Eastern region as a whole. The goal of this research is to consider the conceptual issues of the free port of Vladivostok, to outline the conditions and prospects of its operation and identify risks associated with its future development. The article defines the modern concept of “free port”, characterizes historical experience of the “free port” regime in Vladivostok in the end of the 19th century, substantiates the strategic importance of using the free port of Vladivostok as a tool of intensive growth of Russian Far Eastern territories. The article also discloses the essence of the free port of Vladivostok as a means to promote free entrepreneurship, which is used to increase freight traffic through the port of Vladivostok, increase foreign trade, attract new investments, create new industries and develop the port's infrastructure...
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Статья научная
Due to the difficult socio-economic situation of Russia’s regions, it is necessary to involve nongovernmental providers of socially significant services to eliminate government failures. In this regard, socially oriented nonprofit organizations play an important role. As practice shows, despite the recognized importance of such organizations, their potential in the regional economy is not implemented to the fullest extent. Reasons for such a situation are studied in a large number of works, but they do not always take into account territorial specifics, which makes it difficult to identify specific areas of problem solving. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify barriers to and prerequisites for the sustainable development of socially oriented nonprofit organizations as an active subject of the regional economy, effectively implementing its functions in socially significant sectors of the economy on a systematic and long-term basis. To achieve this goal, we analyze the functioning of socially oriented nonprofit organizations (using the example of Perm Territory). The information base includes a set of relevant regulatory documents, data from state and departmental statistics, ratings of RF constituent entities, findings of sociological research commissioned by the Grants Fund of the Governor of Perm Territory in 2020-2022. We systematize the problems that socially oriented nonprofit organizations deal with in their work, according to the impact on the organization, respectively, related to the external and internal environment. On this basis, we outline the conditions necessary to increase the sustainability of the development of socially oriented nonprofit organizations in the region.
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Статья научная
One of the factors determining the structure of the expenditure part of Russia’s federal budget is represented by considerable imbalances in the spatial development of the country. The impact of this factor consists in the annual need to allocate funds to non-self-sufficient regions in the form of subsidies, which can be directed, for example, to the development of business in prosperous entities. The aim of the research is to carry out an accurate and adequate quantitative assessment of the degree of such an imbalance over a long retrospective period of time. Practical significance of the assessment is due to the fact that it will allow us to see which decisions of the authorities aggravated the problem under consideration, and therefore to develop recommendations for levelling off these imbalances. When choosing a method to achieve the goal, we decided to use the Herfindahl - Hirschman index that contains a modification proposed by Professor S.G. Svetunkov, which eliminates its disadvantage consisting in the dependence of the final value on the number of units included in the set under consideration. The use of this indicator has become the main element of the scientific novelty of the study. Having assessed the degree of heterogeneity of the Russian economic space on the basis of information retrieved from the official website of the Federal State Statistics Service, we use regression analysis to derive an equation describing its impact on the structure of the expenditure part of the federal budget. According to the viewpoint that we share, the key tool consists in smoothing out the imbalances within the economic regions that form the country. Their assessment is carried out in a similar way and is also an element of the scientific novelty of the study. Guided by the results obtained, we identify regions where the elimination of vulnerabilities can reduce the heterogeneity of the economic space of the respective economic regions and Russia as a whole. The indicator tested in the study can be used in the future, for example, to assess the degree of uneven distribution of various resources (material, financial, etc.) on the territory of Russia.
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Inclusion of population in digital space: global trends and inequality of Russian regions
Статья научная
The issue of digital inequality and development of a methodology for measuring it has been at the center of attention of researchers, members of public administration, companies directly involved in the provision of Internet communication services, and other interested parties for more than twenty years. This issue became relevant with the increase of the rate of the Internet spread in certain parts of the world, and, accordingly, the lag of other countries behind them in the late 90s and early 21st century. The sphere of information and communication technologies is one of the most rapidly changing ones, which is probably why the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of digital inequality are still not clearly defined, which actualizes research in this area and the importance of monitoring trends in the world and individual states. The purpose of our work is the usage of the three-level model of digital inequality for assessing first-level differences among population of Third World countries and Russian regions. It is assumed that the research results will create prerequisites for continuing study on other levels of digital asymmetry among Russian population, which will allow revealing not just the fact of its inclusion in digital space but the level of digital competencies and opportunities provide by the usage of modern information technologies. We use a set of scientific methods; for measuring inequality, the author resorts to the calculation of the variation coefficient, grouping of countries or regions based on levels of Internet connectivity. Conclusions are drawn about the existence of the first-level digital inequality in the world, despite a significant decrease of the differentiation of countries by Internet connectivity. It is revealed that Russia, in comparison with other countries, shows a significant increase of the share of Internet users, and there are elements of digital divide within Russian regions even with the decrease of variation coefficients. The scientific novelty of the study is the assessment of the scale and dynamics of the first-level digital inequality among population at the country and regional levels, grouping of countries, and Russian regions by the share of Internet users and the usage of mobile devices to access the network.
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Industrial development issues in the economy of the old industrial regions of Russia
Статья научная
Achieving balanced economic development is a key task for old industrial regions, in which many industrial sectors are concentrated. However, current macroeconomic situation does not promote the development of industrial sectors and new technological modes; moreover, it can lead to a decline in production output, tax proceeds, people's real incomes, consumer demand and other negative trends in socio-economic development. A considerable gap in labor productivity between Russia and developed countries as well as between old industrial regions indicates the existence of major problems in Russian industry. For this reason, the aim of the research is to identify main trends and issues in the industrial sector of old industrial areas in order to work out its further development prospects. Methodological framework of the study includes economic, statistical, and comparative analysis, generalization, and sociological survey. The works of Russian and foreign economists in the field of regional economics, official data of the Federal State Statistics Service, databases of international organizations including the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the U.S...
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Inflow of foreign direct investments in Russia's regions: potential and risk factors
Статья научная
The Russian economy is closely integrated with the world capital market and at the same time possesses visible regional differences in the dynamics of foreign direct investment (FDI). The goal of our research is to carry out quantitative assessment of the factors that promote the inflow of FDI to Russia's regions in 2011-2017 within the framework of aggregated and private indicators of risk and potential. The estimates we have obtained indicate that the aggregate investment potential has a positive impact on FDI inflows to the regions. We find out that as the risks for the domestic economy increase, the statistically significant inverse correlation between FDI inflows and the aggregate investment risk index ceased to be observed since 2014, alongside the remaining visible convergence between Russia's regions on this indicator. Our estimates suggest that without overcoming the high risks generated by the national economy as a whole, the reduction in aggregate risks between Russia's regions does not play a significant part in increasing FDI inflows. In accordance with our assessment, we determine that the regional dynamics of FDI inflows in 2011-2017 was explained by some private indicators of investment risk and potential, which, in general, had a reverse and direct impact on the dependent variable, respectively. The specific characteristics of Russia's regions significantly adjusted the importance and the ratio of FDI attraction factors, so the obtained values of the corresponding elasticities indicated a difference rather than a commonality of private indicators of risk and potential, the indicators that drive the inflow of direct investment to the Far East compared to other regions of Russia. This fact probably confirms the need for differentiated policies to attract FDI to the economy of the Far East in comparison with other regions. Since our research reflects the relative impact of risk and potential factors on FDI inflows for Russia's regions that exist in the single institutional and economic space, the estimates we have obtained can be supplemented by a more detailed study of the role of Russia's potential and risk compared to other national economies.
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Intellectual resources as innovation development factor
Статья научная
The article considers the conceptual approaches to the defining the economic category of “intellectual resources”, as well as the methodology for their assessment, the ways of intellectual resources development in the regions which did not have the academic divisions previously.
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Статья научная
We consider international and Russian approaches to the definition of sustainable development. The report Our Common Future was based on a triune concept of the sustainable development - environmental, social and economic. Gradually the emphasis of sustainable development has shifted from the global problems of continents, separate states and regions to studying the sustainable development of urban environment, as currently more than half of the world’s population lives in cities. On the one hand, cities determine living standards, the improvement of which is a prerequisite for meeting basic needs for employment, housing, health care, education, and rest; on the other hand, they face problems such as lack of financial resources and jobs, increasing homelessness and poverty, widening the gap between the rich and the poor. We present an analysis of the accepted documents of the UN-Habitat on sustainable human settlements development on the Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976) to the World Cities Report 2022: Envisioning the Future of Cities. We present the European way through the European Charter. The main points and concepts of the sustainable development of big and small cities of Europe are considered from the Aalborg Charter (Denmark, 1994) to the Mannheim Message (Germany, 2020). We analyze northern city ranking, which has been implemented by the Rating agency SGM since 2013. We propose a methodology for assessing the sustainable development of northern cities on eight demographic and labor indicators; conduct a grouping of 115 cities of the Russian North on the types and indicators of the sustainable development, and mark 10 most sustainable cities and 10 - with the worst ranking. The considered theoretical provisions and practical results can be used for comparative studies and planning of territorial development. We suggest the directions for improving the sustainable development of Russia’s northern cities.
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Статья научная
In the changing global geopolitical and geo-economic conditions, the issues related to sustainable growth of the national economy, promoting its pronounced development dynamics and providing it with high technology are among the most important directions for Russia's modern economic policy. The priority tasks of national development require an inflow of large-scale investments in the economy, but the question of their rational distribution remains open, so that the attention of investors is directed mainly toward resource-based activities. At the same time, knowledge-intensive industries, which should be at the forefront of new industrialization, are experiencing a clear lack of investment and are in a state of stagnation. In particular, the above is true for a group of Russia's old industrial regions, in which the described situation is even more serious and leads to de-industrialization against the background of insufficient amount of investment at hand. In this regard, the goal of the paper is to analyze investment processes and assess their impact on the changes in the structure of industrial production on the example of old industrial regions of the Northwestern Federal District. We have chosen this object for our study due to the fact that these subjects of Russia occupy one of the worst positions among all old industrial territories according to a number of economic and social parameters. Scientific novelty of our work consists in the need to reveal modern patterns of socio-economic processes and identify structural deformations in the economy. The findings of our study reflect the current state of investment processes and the nature of structural transformations in the old industrial regions of the Northwestern Federal District, taking place against the background of strengthening resource-based industries. Practical significance of the findings is determined by the fact that they contribute to a better understanding of the current socio-economic situation of the sample under consideration and are useful for further study of the specifics of these territories and the problems they face.
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