Естественные науки. Рубрика в журнале - Бюллетень науки и практики
Autecology of species belonging to the Falco family spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The article provides information on the autecology of species belonging to the Falco genus spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. From the conducted research, it was found that 7 species of the genus Falconidae of the Falco family are found. Also, from the research it is clear that 2 species of birds belonging to the Falco genus are wintering, 1 species is migratory, 3 species are nesting, and 1 species is sedentary.
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Статья научная
In the presented article, the species included in the Pimpinella L. genus, common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, were studied, and it was found that 11 species of the genus were found in the study area. P. anisum L., one of these species, is cultivated. The article also reflects the bioecological characteristics and areas of use of species belonging to the genus. According to the literature and our research, species belonging to the genus are valuable spices and are used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, food, and confectionery industries. The studied species are widespread in the types of vegetation of the foothills, plains, and lower, middle, and upper mountain belts of the region.
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Статья научная
The article provides detailed information about the bioecological characteristics of species belonging to the genus Potentilla L. within the Rosaceae family, which are spread across the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. Our research, analysis of collected herbarium materials, and comparative review of literature sources have shown that the genus Potentilla is represented by 17 species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, and the current status of these species is also reflected in the article. The studied species are perennial, biennial, or annual herbs and can be found in fields, fallow lands, meadows, forests, shrubs, dry slopes, as well as in the lowland and mountain regions. Based on our research, species of this genus are not only valuable medicinal plants but are also widely used in decorative, food, fodder, and phytomeliorative activities. Additionally, the species Potentilla argentea is of particular importance as a plant that also produces nectar and pollen.
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Статья научная
The article describes the ecological characteristics of species of the genus Stachys L., common in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. It provides information on the taxonomic spectrum and use of species of the genus Stachys L. of the family Stachyceae. There are 15 species of this genus in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The species have medical significance.
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Bioecology of Nematodes of Ruminant Animals of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The article presents the species composition, extensiveness and intensity of nematode parasitism in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The gastrointestinal system of sheep infected with nematode invasion contained 11 nematode species (Ostertagia marshalli, O. trifurcata, O. occidentalis, O. circumcincta, O. ostertagi, Haemonchus contortus, Gongylonema Pulchrum, Trichostrongylus ovis, T. skrjabini, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger). The distribution of the identified species was extensive: Ostertagia marshalli (32%), O. trifurcata (0,4%), O. occidentalis (14,6%), O. circumcincta (26,6%), O. ostertagi (10,6%), Haemonchus contortus (9,3%), Gongylonema pulchrum (5,3%), Trichostrongylus ovis (13,3%), T. skrjabini (16%), Nematodirus spathiger (14,6%), N. filicollis (16%)It was noted that the most common gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants in our republic are Trichostrongylus ovis (25,3) и Trichostrongylus skrjabini (16%).
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Biomorphological and ecological analysis of the flora of the Caspian coast
Статья научная
The biomorphological and ecological structure of plant species on the coast of the Caspian Sea is presented. The coastal flora encompasses a range of life forms, with herbaceous plants (45.5%) being the most prevalent. Biomorphological classifications indicate that therophytes, hemicryptophytes, and cryptophytes are the dominant groups. Based on ecological grouping, most plants belong to mesophytes (40.7%) and psammophytes (23.0%), reflecting the adaptation of the local vegetation to the climate and soil characteristics of the area. This diversity underscores the unique botanical composition of the Caspian coast and its ecological adaptations. The study highlights the significance of biomorphological and ecological analyses for understanding the region’s biological diversity and ecosystem balance, providing valuable insights for sustainable ecosystem management.
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Characteristics of steppe vegetation of Daridag
Статья научная
The article provides information about the steppe vegetation type of the Darıdag area. The study determined that the cereal-miscellaneous mountain xerophytic steppe vegetation is locally widespread at an altitude of 1500-1900 m above sea level in Darıdag. This vegetation type is primarily found on steppe brown and grey-brown soils. A distinctive characteristic of the steppe vegetation is its predominance of grasses, with a notable absence of trees, and the presence of unique plant organisms that thrive in steppe conditions. The main dominants of the subalpine groupings of true steppes characteristic of the steppes of the Darıdag area are the dense grass-forming species Festuca valesiaca , Stipa lessingiana , Koeleria pyramidata , and Agropyron pectinatum . Despite the short-rooted Bromus riparius species being characteristic of the local vegetation, the grouping formed by its dominance is very random. The steppe vegetation type in the area is classified into two formation classes, two formation groups, and 12 associations.
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Conclusions of botanical research. Discussion and analysis of the results obtained
Отчет
This scientific research presents the studies conducted from 2021 to 2025 and the results obtained from those studies. The materials of the research obtained in different years can be used in the teaching of "Systematics of Higher Plants", "Systematics of Plants", "Medicinal Plants of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic", and "Local Flora" courses in the Master's and Doctoral programs at the Biology and Biology Teaching specialties.
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Статья научная
The article provides information on the geographical distribution of some wild species of the genus Allium L. distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan, as well as a detailed morphological analysis of their vegetative and generative organs. As a result of the ecological analysis, it was determined that the studied species are cryptophytes and most of them are distributed in the middle mountainous zone. In addition, considering that the wild species of the genus Allium L. we have selected have a great bioresource value, information about perspective of their use is also reflected in the article.
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Статья научная
The territory of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of the Republic of Azerbaijan is rich in fodder plants. Despite this, pastures and hayfields in livestock farms are not used for their direct purpose. This, naturally, negatively affects the development of livestock breeding. As is known, plants of legume family are rich in nitrogen. Animals grazing regularly in these areas develop various gastrointestinal tumours when eating the wet mass of the plant. For this purpose, legumes should be used as dry feed. During 2024, studies were conducted to investigate the forage and chemical composition of Vicia elegans Guss species, including its distribution. Starting from early spring months, pastures and hayfields on the territory of the Batabat plateau were surveyed, and the use of the species ‘ Vicia elegans Guss’ in animal husbandry was studied. During the study, the ratio of dry matter and protein in leaves and stems of the plant collected from the Batabat plateau was determined.
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Effect of plants used for whooping cough and their content of biologically active substances
Статья научная
Azerbaijan is a country with the richest medicinal resources in the world. Favorable climatic conditions, fertile soils, abundant sunlight, and sufficient water reserves create the basis for the growth of various types of valuable medicinal plants here. In the cold months, phytotherapy is used not only for treatment, but also for prevention. Among infectious diseases caused by cold weather, whooping cough prevails over others. There are enough medicinal plants and natural remedies to eliminate the main symptom of the disease, coughing and irritation caused by suffocation. The composition of plants used in whooping cough is rich in saponins, mucus, glycosides, flavonoids, and essential oils. Extracts, infusions, and cooking made from them, taken in a certain dose, increase the body's natural defenses and prevent the disease from becoming chronic. Experts have given rules on how much and in what ratio to take them. The use of fresh air in combination with phytomedicines for whooping cough is even more effective. Since treatment with phytotherapy is effective, it has been used at all times and research is constantly being conducted in this direction.
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Статья научная
In modern times, the study of biodiversity in the context of global climate change is becoming more and more important. The study area is the Batabat Plateau, located in the north of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, on the southern slope of the Zangezur Range. The area surrounded by the Zangezur and Daralayaz ranges has such geographical conditions that the air humidity is below normal for most of the year. Only in the summer months does the humidity increase relatively. Due to the flow of moist air entering the area through the Bichanak pass, which is a low area of the Zangezur range, the humidity of the air is relatively high, which is very important in the formation of vegetation. As a result of our research, it was found that 968 species of plants belonging to 58 families and 344 genera can be found in the flora of the Batabat plateau, and the flora spectrum of the area was prepared by us. The species of plants distributed in the Batabat plateau were analyzed according to their life forms and useful properties, and it was found that the plant groups formed by these species contain a quantity of technical medicines, fruits and berries, and other useful products that will provide a number of industries (food, medicine, perfumery, etc.). Plant groups have abundant natural resources, which are used effectively.
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Статья научная
Hawthorn (Crataegus) is a plant consisting of various species of thorny shrubs or small trees belonging to the Rosaceae family. The genus Hawthorn (Crataegus L.) has 20 species in the flora of Azerbaijan and 20 species in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic: Crataegus pontica C.Koch., Crataegus orientalis Pall. ex Bieb., Crataegus meyeri Pojark., Crataegus szowitsii Pojark., Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit., Crataegus pseudoheterophylla Pojark., Crataegus cinovski Kassymova., Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Crataegus curvisepala Lindm., Crataegus caucasica C. Koch. Hawthorn species are found in various ecological zones, including mountainous, flat and semi-desert areas. The climatic conditions of each region affect the phenological stages of plant development. In the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, hawthorn is found in almost all altitude zones (800-2500 m). The greatest amplitude of distribution belongs to the species Crataegus orientalis. It is found in areas from the foothill zone to the subalpine zone (900-2250 m). In the middle zone, the species C. cinovskisii, C. szovitsii, C. Tournefortii, C. pojarkoviae and C. pontica are predominantly common. However, in some cases, the distribution zone of the species C. pontica goes down, and the species C. pojarkoviae rises to the high-mountain zone. The species Crataegus caucasica, C. rhipidophylla, C. pseudoheterophylla and C. zangezura are found almost from the low-mountain zone to the subalpine zone, and the species C. atrosanguinea and C. eriantha are found in the low-mountain and middle-mountain zone. The distribution zone of the species C. meyeri sometimes reaches an altitude of 2350 m. The flower lump of the hawthorn species, which is used as a food and medicinal plant, is used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and to regulate heart rhythm. Ripe fruits are also useful for lowering blood pressure in folk medicine. The fruits and flowers of hawthorn are used in medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases, circulatory problems and high blood pressure. The plant is rich in flavonoids, antioxidants and tannins, so it strengthens the immune system and has an anti-inflammatory effect. Hawthorn is also used as an ornamental plant.
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Статья научная
In the period from 2017 to 2022, ciliated protozoa and testate amoebae were studied in freshwater ecosystems of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. 110 species of ciliates and 65 species of amoebae were identified. The species diversity of ciliates in freshwater is almost twice as high as in soil. The differences in species diversity between aquatic and soil amoebae are relatively small. The need for standardization of the methods used by researchers is emphasized. Further studies of these groups of protozoa are necessary to obtain more accurate conclusions about their ecological role, relationships, and their importance in various biological processes.
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Genetic characteristics of honey bee breeding in the Ganja-Gazakh region of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
Beekeeping is one of the oldest and most profitable sectors of agriculture. Since ancient times, humans have bred, propagated, and maintained honey bees ( Apis mellifera L.). The favorable soil and climatic conditions, along with the rich flora of Azerbaijan, create an ideal environment for the development of beekeeping. One of the challenges in bee breeding research is that honey bees mate in the air, often at considerable distances from their colonies. This complicates controlled breeding efforts. To address this issue, selection specialists are exploring artificial insemination techniques and the establishment of controlled mating zones. This article examines the development of beekeeping in Azerbaijan, with a particular focus on honey production in the Western region. Additionally, it explores the most effective modern approaches to bee breeding, especially in the context of increasing resistance to adverse environmental factors, which has become a critical priority in contemporary apiculture.
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Статья научная
The distribution of 176 plant species belonging to 27 families and 75 genera in the wild flora of the area was determined during the research conducted in Yevlakh district area in 2023-2025. A flora conspectus, identified during the research, was developed for the species, which included the taxonomic structure, life forms, geographical and areal types, ecological groups and endemism of the area’s flora. It was found that the Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cyperaceae, Salicaceae, Polygonaceae and Rosaceae families are represented by more species in the area. The research also determined the species composition and structural characteristics of the phytocenoses found in the vegatation cover of Yevlakh district, revealing that the area’s flora includes desert, semi-desert, meadow, forest, swamp and other plant types. It was determined that recent global ecological problems, including anthropogenic factors, have a direct impact on the flora and vegetation of the area. In this regard, studying the geographical analysis of the current state of the flora in the territory of Yevlakh district creates the need for future geobotanical or phytosociological research within the area. This shows that the ongoing work is highly relevant.
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Human anthropometric indicators for the preparation of simulation models
Статья научная
Normal human anthropometric parameters are used in the development of medical rehabilitation techniques, in the performance of surgical techniques used for normal human functioning. In order to perform these operations successfully, it is necessary to model normal human physical characteristics and, based on these models, perform the operations correctly. Normal anatomical characteristics have a positive effect on the physiological state of the person. The relevance of the research stimulates the development of the science of valeology and increases the relevance and practical significance of the topic. Prosthetics of organs lost in wars and accidents are also performed on the basis of computer models. The science of digital anthropology is modeling human anthropometrics, and practically important predictions are being made based on this modeling. Digital anthropology is based on the research of modern technology to compile a database of the most diverse anthropological indicators of people. Anthropology occupies a special place in the system of scientific knowledge about the world, because it is a field of science that studies the origin, development and role of humans in nature and society. In modern medicine, mathematical and graphic modeling of human anatomical and anthropological indicators is required in all fields. Anthropometric indicators of humans are taken as the basis in surgery, military science, sports. The structure of shoulders, diaphragm, hips, face, and the age of a human being can also be defined by these anthropometric indicators.
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Impact of genetically modified organisms on human health
Статья научная
Investigates the impact of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on human health. It is noted that the use of GMOs is increasing yearly worldwide. While gene technology, which has entered our lives through the creation of genetically modified organisms, shows benefits, it also presents certain challenges. These challenges include negative impacts on distribution and balance, toxic effects on plants, difficulties in fighting pathogens due to the development of antibiotic-resistant genes, gene transfers, and an increased risk of allergic reactions due to GMOs, all of which raise relevant questions about genetically modified organisms. It is highlighted that in recent years, biotechnology and the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) developed through biotechnological research methods are among the topics of most interest worldwide. Based on the information obtained from the research, the article explores the potential benefits, harms, and risks of genetically modified organisms, their effects on biodiversity, socioeconomic and legal dimensions, as well as consumer perspectives. In conclusion, it is stated that since the opinions of scientists around the world about the benefits and harms of GMO products are not unanimous, it would be more appropriate to consider the favorable natural conditions in our country for the cultivation of agricultural products and use ecologically clean food products.
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Medicinal plants containing anthracene
Статья научная
Various types of phytochemicals are present in plant parts such as bark, stem, roots, and other plant components. The distribution, chemical composition, and use of anthracene derivative-containing plants growing in Azerbaijan were investigated. Anthraquinones can be used as agents that have an active effect against malignant tumors and stimulate immunity against new malignant derivatives. Oxy- and oxymethylanthraquinones of fennel have antispasmodic and diuretic effects, and the content of calcium and magnesium phosphates in them ensures the fragmentation and removal of urinary stones from the body. Methyloxyanthraquinone derivatives are present in the bark, leaves, shoots, and fruits of Rhamnus cathartica. Freshly picked pods contain anthraglycoside frangulioriside, which oxidizes and turns into glucofrangulin when stored in pods for 1 year. Rhubarb root and its extracts have a laxative effect, increasing intestinal peristalsis. Aloe is used for skin care.
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Статья научная
Both cultivated and wild fodder plants are the main group of plants necessary for the development of animal husbandry. Although it is impossible to give a specific number about the number of species of fodder plants in Azerbaijan, there is no doubt that their number of species is expressed in hundreds. Thus, the number of species of annual grasses in the CIS includes up to 1000 species. As it is known, some species mentioned above as fodder plants also carry other qualities. For example, corn, sunflower, wormwood, three-leaf clover, etc. plants are also medicinal plants and are used as diuretics, pain relievers, etc. in folk medicine. It is widely used as a tool with properties. At the same time, due to these properties, these plants have become the subject of various aspects (botanical, pharmacological, mycological, etc.) studies, and this situation is still ongoing.
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