International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing @ijem
Journal articles - International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing
All articles: 649
Comparative Study on Temple Structural Element Segmentation using Different Segmentation Techniques
Scientific article
India's Karnataka state is home to a vast treasure trove of artefacts, antiquities, and historic and archaeologically significant monuments. Its culture and tradition are linked. In Karnataka, there are numerous Neolithic and Megalithic structures; these historic buildings from illustrious ruling dynasties have endured for thousands of years. They have miracles of their own in their own style, innate sculpture, architecture, technique, immensity, and enormity. However, modern generation is not ready for mining archaeological knowledge regarding empires or ruling dynasties of these ancient Karnataka temples through the archaeological guidance. Hence, a new approach required to bring this valuable information to the modern generation by a proper platform. In this paper both threshold and regional based segmentation methods are applied in order to segment the structural elements of temple. The analysis of segmented structural elements by applying both methods is done in order to provide comparative study. Comparative study on temple structural element shows that regional segmentation is more accurate than threshold method based on VOE and DSC metrics which are used for evaluating the performance of segmentation methods. Further, more efficient segmentation approaches may be applied to improve the efficiency of segmentation and it may be used for classification of viman styles.
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Comparison and Analysis of Software Vulnerability Databases
Scientific article
In order to protect information systems against threats and vulnerabilities, security breaches should be analyzed. In this case, analysts primarily conduct intelligence research through open source systems. In particular, vulnerability databases stand out as the most preferred references at this stage. At this point, our study will be the main reference for the verification of vulnerability analysis. It will assist in the planning of testing processes, patches and updates in the development of software. Moreover, it will create a perspective in this field, enabling readers to understand the concept of software security and databases. In addition to unique advantages of this diversity, this has also led to some disadvantages. Our study focused on the reasons behind the creation of different databases. In addition, its advantages and disadvantages have been clearly demonstrated. First, the databases used were determined by examining the academic studies in the field of software security vulnerabilities. Twelve different databases used in the literature were identified. However, among these, the ones that are current and accessible to researchers were selected. As a result of this screening process, seven different databases were included in this study. The determined databases were examined in detail and explained. Then, databases were compared according to certain criteria. The data obtained as a result of the comparison are presented in detail. In this study, a systematic review of up-to-date and accessible vulnerability databases that are widely used in the literature is presented to help researchers decide which database to use.
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Scientific article
With the state-space method, many controllers can be designed optimally. LQR and LQG are two of these controllers. These two controllers are covered much in the literature. Despite this, not many works cover the ball-on-sphere system. Therefore, the research designed optimal LQR and LQG controllers for the system of ball-on-sphere and did a comparative analysis between the two. System dynamics were first investigated and the mathematical model was derived. After that, the system was linearized and then the state-space representation was obtained. Using this representation, the two controllers were designed and applied to the system for control. The control was done based on the specified desired system performance. Finally, the controllers' performances were analyzed and compared. Results obtained showed that both controllers met the desired system performance. With θ_x is 87.14% and θ_y is 86.43% less than their respective unregulated settling times, LQR satisfied the at least 80% performance requirement more than LQG. For LQG, θ_x is 82.35% and θ_y is 82.95% less than their respective unregulated settling times. These values are less than that of LQR. It was also observed that minimizing the total control energy leads to maximizing the total transient energy but LQG maximizes the total transient energy more than LQR. Another finding was that all states played role in regulating the controller to the desired system performance. Without regulation, LQG was found to be more efficient than LQR but in general, LQR is more efficient than LQG because, in LQG, settling time (of ball's angles) of less than 1.00 sec could not be realized. LQR is 4.79% and 3.48% more efficient than LQG in x and y directions, respectively, for the ball’s angles settling time. This research is significant because it is the first to design and do a comparative analysis of LQR and LQG controllers for the ball-on-sphere system. Therefore, bridging the existing gap in the literature is the value of this research.
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Comparison of OFDM System in Terms of BER using Different Transform and Channel Coding
Scientific article
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a type of multicarrier modulation technique which is used in wireless communication. OFDM can be used in various wireless and wired application such Digital audio broadcasting, digital video broadcasting & wireless LAN. The Performance of OFDM system depends on various parameters such as using different transform, different modulation and by putting various channel coding. In this paper OFDM system is modeled by using different transform (DWT/FFT), different modulation (BPSK, QPSK, QAM) and different channel coding (Linear / Cyclic block codes) for AWGN channel. The performance parameter is calculated as Bit error rate (BER) for various transform/modulation/channel coding based OFDM systems. MATLAB Simulink tool is used to calculate the bit error rate (BER).
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Scientific article
The determination of strength properties i.e., compressive strength (CS) is essential to estimate the load at which the concrete members may crack especially in aggressive environment. The paper reports an experimental investigation on deterioration of used engine oil (UEO) soaked concrete with respect to its strength properties. Also, it is found that this deteriorating effect is lessened with partial replacement of silica fumes (SF). The CS analysis was done with a water-concrete ratio of 0.49 with nine percentage replacements of SF (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45) with water curing and UEO soaking. The soaking in two different liquids was essential in order to throw light on the detrimental effects of UEO on the CS of concrete. The results of the experiments showed that 20% replacement of SF in concrete was optimum to attain maximum CS. A mathematical model based on Abrams’ law has been developed to evaluate the strength characteristics of concrete subjected to UEO soaking. The developed model facilitates the prediction of CS based on curing time in water and soaking time in UEO and also the quantity of SF used. The accuracy of the developed model is evaluated and good agreements with the ground truth values are found.
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Computational method investigation of solid ducted rocket
Scientific article
The Computation method of Solid Ducted Rocket (SDR) is a complex problem. It needs to effectively solve the two mixing and combustion processes, and is also affected by many factors such as the overall scheme and propellant type. In order to find a suitable method, physical model, simplified hypothesis, control equation, turbulence model, combustion model, etc. were investigated. Subsequently, calculations were carried out based on the Vanka model, and finally the results of pressure, temperature and combustion efficiency were obtained. The results show that the proposed method is practicable, and the accuracy and efficiency are ideal. Combustion efficiency is only 77.4%, and the Vanka model must be further improved by the air and gas intake modes. The results can provide reference for relevant research.
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Construction of Health Promotion Management System Based on Web
Scientific article
Health management is a new service for healthy and sub-healthy people in modern medical institutions, which will help to instruct people how to effectively control and maintain their health. Through questionnaire, systematic analysis and software engineering, the structure and function of health promotion management system are analyzed and designed. Finally, the health promotion management system based on web is constructed. People become willing to take advantage of the system to manage and direct their own health instead of becoming victims of diseases.
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Context-Aware Semantic Fusion for Mathematical Formula Equivalence Detection
Scientific article
The paper investigates the problem of automatically detecting equivalent mathematical formulas in scientific texts. The authors propose a novel hybrid approach that combines structural analysis of formulas (normalisation, Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) construction, and vectorisation) with deep semantic analysis of the surrounding publication text using transformer models such as SciBERT and Sentence Transformers. During the study, a software implementation was developed that uses cosine similarity to assess context proximity and a Siamese neural network for equivalence classification. Evaluated on a custom dataset of 12,500 formula-context pairs from academic papers, the proposed hybrid model achieved an F1-score of 0.88, significantly outperforming baseline models that rely solely on structural (F1: 0.71) or textual (F1: 0.59) features. The experimental results were further visualised using heat maps, dendrograms, and UMAP projections, confirming the model's ability to identify equivalent expressions even when their syntactic notation differs significantly. The proposed framework is promising for use in anti-plagiarism systems, intelligent search services, and digital scientific libraries.
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Control of Switched Reluctance Motor and Noise Reduction Using Fuzzy Controller in Matlab/Simulink
Scientific article
Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) has been successfully used for its excessive efficiency and higher strength to torque ratio. However, the only demerit it has its radial pressure and acoustic noise. When SRM achieves higher speeds, it tends to generate more force between stator and as a result acoustic noise with higher decibels is a concern. In this paper, a layout is used for reduction of both radial force and acoustic noise for eight/6 SRM using the fuzzy logic controller by controlling the speed and current as a feedback loop. The mathematical models are framed to resolve glitches associated to radial pressure and acoustic noise. In this proposed method the SRM produces a very low noise level when it rotates at the speed of 1200 RPM. This method also has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink platform mainly to reduce the acoustic noise at higher speed in SRM.
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Convergence of SAOR Method for the Linear Complementarity Problems
Scientific article
In this paper we apply an iterative method, the SAOR method for solving the linear complementarity problem, and some sufficient conditions for the convergence of the new method are presented when the system matrix M is an M-matrix. Moreover when M is an L-matrix, we discuss the monotone convergence of it. Finally, we report the numerical results of our proposed method.
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Corrosion Assessment of some Buried Metal Pipes using Neural Network Algorithm
Scientific article
The key aim of this assessment is to characterize the rate of corrosion of buried Nickel plated and non-plated AISI 1015 steel pipes using a Modified Artificial Neural Network on Matlab and taking the oil and gas area of Nigeria as a case study. Ten (10) metal specimens were used. Five (5) were nickel electroplated specimens buried differently in 5 plastic containers containing 5 different soil samples with the other 5 non-plated specimens also buried into the same 5 soil samples but different plastic containers. In carrying out the experiment, the data that was collected for 25 consecutive days were grouped into sets of input and output data. This was required so as to appropriately feed the modelling tool (Artificial Neural Network). The input data were; temperature of the soil sample, temperature of the immediate surroundings, and pH of the soil sample while the output data was weight loss. Conclusively, Modified Artificial Neural Network relationships between the varied selected input parameters that affects corrosion rate (soil sample temperature, immediate environment temperature and pH value) and the output parameter (Corrosion Penetration Rate) were derived. Also, soil sample temperature and the immediate surrounding temperature combined conditions had the strongest effect on corrosion penetration rate while the immediate surrounding temperature and the pH value combined conditions had the weakest effect on corrosion penetration rate.
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