Improving Prevention of Delinquency Among Adolescents Through Collaborative Approaches

Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice

UDC 343.851.5: 37                               

On the basis of a collaborative approach, juvenile delinquency and criminality has been one of the pressing problems in the past and now. It will continue to be so in the future, because based on a collaborative approach, students of teenage age are a force that determines the future of the nation, people, and state. Another important aspect of juvenile delinquency and criminality based on a collaborative approach is that it is one of the main objects of early prevention. As a result of the reforms carried out in the field of justice in our country, the general public was involved in the prevention of crimes, and the work on maintaining public order and early prevention of crimes was systematically started. As a result, in 2018, about 3,500 preventive measures were taken with adolescent students based on a collaborative approach. During the attendance events, about 8 thousand boys and girls, of which more than 3 thousand were school, and the rest were returned to educational institutions. Measures were also taken to involve them in sports, optional clubs, “A perfect generation” centers and business centers. Thus, the number of students who committed crimes was reduced from 1,565 to 973 or 37.8%. In 2018, no crime was committed in 2,301 neighborhoods as a result of the cooperation of the internal affairs bodies with neighborhood activists, the Women's Committee, the Youth Union, the prosecutor's office and other bodies. In 2018, the total crime rate decreased by 33.5% compared to 2017 [1].

Despite the achieved results, as stated by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, “... effective resolution of crime prevention issues remains one of our priority tasks.” Because “even one crime should worry all of us.”

Therefore, at the extended meeting of the Security Council under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, held on January 10, 2019, the President entrusted the official organizations with the tasks of creating a new methodology and unique experience on the basis of scientific approaches in all districts (cities) of the republic for early prevention of violations, curbing crime and ensuring public safety. Based on the conducted scientific research and collaborative approach, the analysis of activities related to the prevention of juvenile delinquency showed that there is a need to further improve the following areas of crime prevention: the first direction — improving the theoretical foundations of the prevention of juvenile delinquency and criminality based on a collaborative approach. The fact that "Crime prevention" is included among the criminal law, criminology, and criminal executive law sciences that are researched under the specialty 12.00.08, as well as the fact that crime prevention is separated from the science of criminology as an independent science, requires the expansion of the scope of scientific research in this direction. Otherwise, crime prevention theory lags behind practice.

This makes it urgent to carry out scientific research on the following problematic issues: firstly, to reveal the essence of concepts such as “early prevention of crimes”, “crime curbing” applied to the practice of prevention of juvenile delinquency based on a collaborative approach and scientific justification; secondly, to clarify the ambiguities and misunderstandings between the types of crime prevention and the measures implemented within them; thirdly, to develop the tactical aspects of the implementation of crime prevention, to scientifically justify their nature and content; fourthly, to develop a methodology for individual diagnosis of minors in terms of their likelihood of committing a crime or being victimized by a crime in the future; fifth, to create methodological bases of methods and forms of crime prevention; sixth, expanding the scope of crime prevention entities, forming their optimal system and clarifying their powers; seventh, on the basis of a collaborative approach, to divide the prevention of juvenile delinquency into the following stages depending on the period of implementation, and to develop the theoretical basis for the organization of preventive work based on these stages: first stage: early prevention of juvenile delinquency based on a collaborative approach; second stage : prevention of the consequences of juvenile delinquency based on a collaborative approach; the third stage: on the basis of a collaborative approach, to identify the causes of juvenile delinquency and the conditions that made it possible, to eliminate them, to correct the morals of minor criminals; the fourth stage : social rehabilitation and social adaptation of minors who have suffered from a crime, as well as those who have been released from a penal institution; fifth stage : development of a procedure for establishing special supervision of minors who have committed serious and extremely serious crimes and violated public safety and public order, the interests of individuals, society, and the state, have extremist views, and have not entered the path of moral recovery [2].

The second direction — elimination of gaps, deficiencies and mutual inconsistencies in normative documents on the prevention of juvenile delinquency and criminality based on a collaborative approach: Based on the collaborative approach, the analysis of normative documents on the prevention of juvenile delinquency and criminality, as well as the results of the study of the activities of the subjects of the prevention of delinquency, in the Administrative Responsibility and Criminal Procedure Codes of the Republic of Uzbekistan, to determine and eliminate the causes of violations and the conditions that allow them to be committed, as well as "On the basis of a collaborative approach, lack of control among adolescent students and shows that there are some gaps, shortcomings and inconsistencies related to the specific legal regulation of the general, special and victimological prevention of minors in the Law on the Prevention of Offenses and the participation of non-governmental organizations and citizens in the prevention of offenses in the Law on the Prevention of Offenses.

This creates the need to eliminate these problems when adopting the new version of these laws, as well as to legally regulate the participation of non-governmental non-profit organizations and citizens in the prevention of crimes, and to develop departmental normative documents that regulate the activities of the bodies and institutions that directly implement the prevention of crimes.

The third direction is strengthening the effectiveness of universal, national, religious values that guarantee the stability of a healthy social environment in society, developing these values in harmony with the times and development, forming local, family, legal and professional values.

The place and role of values in the prevention of juvenile delinquency and criminality based on a collaborative approach is very large. However, the possibilities of the global Internet information network are expanding, the acceleration of global information exchange in the world, the influence of foreign ideas on the minds and worldviews of teenage students on the basis of a collaborative approach is increasingly weakening the effectiveness of existing values.

We consider it appropriate to carry out the following works in this direction:

the first is to develop a system of values aimed at improving the spirituality and culture of minors, expanding their worldview, and increasing and strengthening their value in society;

the second is to further strengthen the role and responsibility of mass media, in particular, radio and television stations (developing the concept of improving mass media activity in this direction);

the third is to create national series, films, cartoons, plays, as well as social advertisements and commercials full of episodes that serve to form and develop moral and moral qualities in minors and lead them to perfection, and systematically show them to the people;

fourth, by instilling the content of national ideas into the minds of young people, achieving their recognition as a criterion of life and professional activity and national principles for every citizen and civil servant;

the fifth is to develop universally recognized norms of ethics and promote them to the general public.

The fourth direction of improvement is the introduction of innovative models for the prevention of juvenile delinquency and criminality based on a collaborative approach:

President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, who sufficiently assessed the importance of innovation in his lectures, said: "Our most important task is to create an environment of innovation in the worldview of our people. If there is no innovation, there will be no competition and development in any field. "If we do not widely promote the changes in this field to our people, if we do not develop skills in people, we will not be able to keep pace with the intensity of today's era and the unprecedented achievements of science and technology."

Therefore, it is relevant to introduce innovative models for the prevention of delinquency and criminality of adolescent students based on a collaborative approach. In this regard, we consider it appropriate to carry out the following tasks: first, to establish a centralized electronic database by filling in electronic scorecards (sheets) according to the types of committed crimes, “causes of crimes and the conditions that made them possible”, “victim behavior of victims”, “criminal behavior of persons who committed crimes”; the second is to develop a “geocriminological map” of the regions and establish the practice of using them in the organization of crime prevention and crime prevention activities; third, to expand the possibility of using "intelligent cameras" in public places, in this regard, to establish the procedure for installing cameras and using them; the fourth is to establish a special website “reliable anonymous messages” that allows anonymously sending information and audio, video, photos about committed crimes, latent crimes, wanted persons. We think that the proposals and recommendations put forward for the improvement of the prevention of delinquency and criminality of adolescent students on the basis of a collaborative approach have been developed as follows [3].

Firstly, on the basis of a collaborative approach, it looks at determining the directions of research to be carried out on the problems of delinquency and criminality prevention of adolescent students. Secondly, on the basis of a collaborative approach, it covers the improvement of legislation on the prevention of juvenile delinquency and the achievement of the effectiveness of law enforcement practice. Thirdly, it serves to increase the effectiveness of the value system aimed at ensuring the stability of a healthy social environment in society. Fourthly, on the basis of a collaborative approach, it serves to introduce innovative technologies into the practice of prevention of juvenile delinquency and criminality.