Application of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in construction. Рубрика в журнале - Nanotechnologies in Construction: A Scientific Internet-Journal
Статья научная
Introduction. The article discusses the current state of the possibilities to improve the efficiency of construction processes by using fibre-reinforced concrete in the construction of transport and utility tunnels, as well as other critical building structures. The authors present foreign experience with widespread use of fibre-reinforced concrete in transport construction, as well as few such cases for domestic practice. The inconsistency of domestic experience with the modern state of art has been noted. The main blockers in the development of the issue are under consideration, the theoretical approach and practical application are presented. Materials and methods. The principal aspects of the current approach to the quality indicators of fibre-reinforced concrete and the classification principles of fibre-reinforced concrete based on quality criteria, which are the basis for the normalization of material characteristics, are described. The continuity of domestic and European regulatory documents is shown. Results. Illustrated examples of the possibilities of an optimization approach to the selection of structural solutions in the design of transport construction facilities used in international practice are described. Conclusion. The argumentation in favor of technology development is shown. This opens up possibilities for significant cost reduction justified by a scientific approach. In conclusion, the authors provide recommendations on the general application of the promising material in the domestic practice.
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Статья научная
Introduction. A primary geotechnical challenge pertains to the stabilization of unstable soils due to their inadequate deformation, physical, mechanical, and filtration characteristics, which, in turn, can result in abnormal settlements, the destabilization of the soil mass under external loads, or even its own weight. The advent of chemical technologies on a global scale, along with their development within the Russian Federation, has precipitated the utilization of advanced equipment in conjunction with novel, innovative technologies. This confluence has given rise to novel methodologies and the fabrication of new materials, which have been instrumental in addressing a myriad of geotechnical challenges. The predominant methods of soil stabilization with mineral compounds (predominantly based on Portland cement) possess clear advantages; however, they do not always permit work to be conducted in soils with high water saturation, under conditions of high filtration, or in soils with low deformation indices. Consequently, issues pertaining to cementation stabilization periodically emerge. These issues manifest, for instance, in water-saturated rock soils under high hydrostatic pressures, in various fractured soils complicated by the presence of karst depressions, and in silty and organomineral soils with structural instability. Materials and methods. The employment of innovative polymer materials, such as polyurethane-based materials, facilitates the injection of mixtures with optimized strength gain, thereby addressing the issue of soil reinforcement within this process or enhancing the criteria for constraining the propagation of injection mixtures for subsequent cement grouting. Results and conclusion. Laboratory tests and analysis of a number of completed projects allow us to consider this technology effective and practical in complex engineering and geological conditions and beyond design-basis parameters for underground construction projects. This research was carried out using the facilities of the Head Regional Shared Research Facilities of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, with support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No. 075- 15-2025-549)
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Статья научная
Introduction. A primary geotechnical challenge pertains to the stabilization of unstable soils due to their inadequate deformation, physical, mechanical, and filtration characteristics, which, in turn, can result in abnormal settlements, the destabilization of the soil mass under external loads, or even its own weight. The advent of chemical technologies on a global scale, along with their development within the Russian Federation, has precipitated the utilization of advanced equipment in conjunction with novel, innovative technologies. This confluence has given rise to novel methodologies and the fabrication of new materials, which have been instrumental in addressing a myriad of geotechnical challenges. The predominant methods of soil stabilization with mineral compounds (predominantly based on Portland cement) possess clear advantages; however, they do not always permit work to be conducted in soils with high water saturation, under conditions of high filtration, or in soils with low deformation indices. Consequently, issues pertaining to cementation stabilization periodically emerge. These issues manifest, for instance, in water-saturated rock soils under high hydrostatic pressures, in various fractured soils complicated by the presence of karst depressions, in dispersed, silty, and organo-mineral structurally unstable soils. Materials and methods. The employment of innovative polymer materials, such as polyurethane-based materials, facilitates the injection of mixtures with optimized strength gain, thereby addressing the issue of soil reinforcement within this process or enhancing the criteria for constraining the propagation of injection mixtures for subsequent cement grouting. Results and conclusion. Laboratory tests and analysis of a number of completed projects allow us to consider this technology effective and practical in complex engineering and geological conditions and beyond design-basis parameters for underground construction projects. The present study was carried out using the material and technical resources of the Main Regional Center for Collective Use of Scientific Equipment and Installations of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (agreement No. 075-15-2025-549).
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Wood-polymer nano-modified composite materials for construction purposes
Статья научная
Introduction. The advantages of nano-modified composite materials for construction purposes based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) include enhanced strength characteristics compared to other materials [1]. Composite nanomaterials based on plant resources are versatile materials, whose properties can be modified through additives and processing technology to obtain a wide range of products in various application areas, particularly in construction, decking, outdoor and garden furniture, siding, picket fences, packaging, pallets, and much more. The research aims to investigate the influence of different additives on the technological and operational properties of the resulting composite. Nano-modified composite materials based on PVC are superior to polyolefin composites in terms of stiffness and strength, have high light-resistance as well as resistance to many chemicals, and are comparatively inexpensive as raw materials [2]. Methods and materials. The research aims to determine the preparation of composite materials that provide a highly effective stabilizing system against thermal decomposition, which increase the flow properties of the polymer melt, reduce water sorption, and impart sufficiently high outdoor stability; therefore, products made from composite materials can be successfully used in the construction area. Results. Research results have shown that the use of nanostabilizers in the technology of producing building materials can ensure preservation and ageing quality of polymer composites. They also have application potential on industrial scale. Conclusion. Investigations carried out on the use of a number of nanostabilizers, give to construction composites higher color retention and therefore increase environmental resistance of material.
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X-ray spectral methods for measuring the degree of ordering of carbon nanoparticles
Статья научная
Methods for the quantitative assessment of the content of ordered structures in the products of synthesis of fulleroid materials based on the spectra of characteristic X-ray radiation and X-ray diffraction are considered. The introduction shows that the use of carbon fulleroid materials (fullerenes, fullerenols and their compounds, fulleroid nanoparticles) as modifiers of the properties of various structural materials and plasticizers of concrete mixes is currently one of the most rapidly developing areas in the field of nanotechnology in construction. Methods and materials. In this work, the following analytical control methods were used: scanning microscopy, local X-ray spectral analysis and X-ray diffractometry. The products of synthesis of fulleroid materials were studied: samples of fullerene-containing soot collected at different distances from the arc synthesis zone. Results. Raster images of the synthesis products with various magnifications are shown, as well as the X-ray fluorescence spectra and the elemental composition of the synthesis products. The X-ray phase analysis of the synthesis products was carried out. It is shown that the analysis of the amorphous component of the composition, which is one of the products of the yield, will make it possible to control the synthesis at each stage and under various conditions of its implementation. Analysis of a nonlinear dynamic system. To construct an attractor of a dynamic system, the correlation dimension, the dimension of the phase space and the fractal dimension of the process under study were calculated. The correlation dimension and the dimension of the phase space were calculated using the Takens’ method. The fractal dimension is calculated using the Hurst exponent. Conclusions. To study the dynamics of chemical reactions occurring during arc synthesis, the system of differential Rössler attractor is used. A solution to this system is obtained – Rössler attractor – an attracting set of trajectories in the phase space, which is identical in appearance to the process under study, which makes it possible to estimate, relying on attractors characteristic of each sample (synthesis material), at what stage the synthesis process occurs, and by making differential model, to organize the control to improve the quality of output products. Thus, the possibility of evaluating the efficiency of the synthesis of fulleroids used for the modification of building materials is demonstrated.
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