Статьи журнала - Social Informatics Journal
Все статьи: 28
An AI influenced social contract: An illustration of American constitution
Статья научная
This research was intended to highlight how the latest technologies like social media and virtual reality (VR) have influenced upon basic principles of current democratic political system, which includes individual freedom, freedom of speech and individual privacy. Hence, this research has illustrated few constitutional articles of first formally documented social contract- An American constitution. The research explained the need to change the three articles including the first and fourth amendment of “Bill of rights” and section one of the 14th amendment. By that means, the researcher concluded at the end that, if the concept of social contract has to be relevant then it must include terminologies like virtual life, virtual freedom, virtual property, virtual security and virtual establishment in at least those three mentioned constitutional articles. Moreover, the articles were actually enacted in the era when only physical life and property were needed to be secured form external attacks but, the new technologies have changed that landscape. Hence, it is the need of the time to alter the founding principles of American constitution in order to provide safe, secure and peaceful internal and external environment to the American populace.
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An ethics crisis in virtual media space
Статья научная
This paper will address basic ethical issues in virtual space determined by global multidirectional networking through different space and time. Numerous ethical issues will be stressed which, as a result of the complex reflections of ubiquitous media convergence, determine each individual topic, from issues of personal data protection and information security, to strengthening credibility and building trust in the virtual community. In relation to the objectives and established development guidelines, different ethical dimensions, in their complexity and multi-layeredness in a digitally empowered future, should not be viewed in isolation but exclusively through their complementarity and a quality foundation for further in-depth research.
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Статья научная
Attacks and anomalies are quiet common in today’s technological world. However it is important to identify these anomalies as soon as possible since these anomalies can cause various problem. Therefore anomaly detection plays a vital role in detecting these outliers. Anomaly detection detects suspicious activity which fundamentally falls outside of the respected pattern of behaviour. Anomaly detection aims at identifying the unpredicted and unexpected events in data streams which are commonly referred to as anomalous events. Therefore proposed modified linearity based grey swarm algorithm and hyperparameter optimization techniques for improving the performance of the proposed model. Hyperparameter optimization techniques implemented in the proposed model are genetic algorithm (GA), Grid Search and Random Search. Feature selection is implemented in the proposed model is modified linearity based grey swarm algorithm since it has the ability to reduce the convergence. In addition to modified linearity based grey swarm algorithm, modified objective function is employed in the proposed model as it has the capability to find solutions to problems which are difficult to solve. Finally the performance of the proposed model is evaluated and assessed using various performance metrics such as accuracy, recall, precision and F1 score. At last, proposed model is compared with the existing models and found that proposed model outperformed other existing models.
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Applied information technologies in agriculture
Статья научная
This paper examines the possibility of transitioning towards sustainable food production, considering the accelerated growth of the world population and increased demand for food on one hand, and the consequences that the previous approach has had on the biosphere and sociosphere at a global level on the other hand. The first part of the paper presents alarming and precise data and facts that require an ultimate paradigm shift, this time based on the most powerful technological and scientific methods and practices to date. The second part establishes the relationships between the concepts of Agricultural Social Network (ASN), Agricultural Value Chain (AVC), new digital technologies and approaches, with the need for transition towards Society 5.0, where a balance between economic progress and a society tailored to human needs is established. In the third part, the technologies on which the new concept of “precision agriculture - PA” relies are identified, and a case study of the Agrosens digital platform is provided as a good practice example to support agricultural producers. Finally, the last part demonstrates, through the concrete example of Project Provenance Ltd., how the application of new technologies can connect processes and actors in Supply Chain Management (SCM) to establish transparency, efficiency, traceability, and other performance measures necessary for effective and responsible SCM. This enables the implementation of corrective actions and measures to promote responsible production, distribution, and consumption of food or other widely used products.
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Balanced scorecard based approach in modeling a business intelli-gence system
Статья научная
This paper is a part of a wider research, the goal of which was to develop a model of strategic school management at the local and regional level in order to effectively manage schools. The proposed model is based on business intelligence, or advanced analytics of business performances that will enable timely, efficient and fair management of school resources, which the state has delegated to local governments.The performance management of schools should be based on financial and nonfinancial performance indicators. The balanced scorecard (BSC) may be a suitable method for that. This paper investigates the possibility of implementing balanced scorecard in the area of school management. The presented BSC model is developed for school management on local and regional level in Croatia. Defined are perspectives of BSC, strategic objectives and perfor-mance measures related to these objectives. The presented model is universally applicable. It is intended for founders - Local and Regional Administration in countries with similar legislation. For the application of the model any founder should enter realized values, master data and the scope of activities for its school system.
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Blockchain technologies and the future of art
Статья научная
In this paper, we follow the position of art, artists and works of art with regard to the conditions in which the work of art is created, in an environment ruled by capitalist relations and the high-tech environment that accompanies them. The transition from analog to digital formats has opened new perspectives for artistic creation and distribution of works of art, but also problems related to copyright protection and fair monetization of works of art. The advent of blockchain technology, especially the Ethereum blockchain platform with open source technology and smart contracts, has enabled more efficient communication, distribution and monetization of artwork. The focus of this paper is especially narrowed on the emergence of NFT (Non Fungible Tokens) that can be carriers of the value of a work of art. They enable the uniqueness of the work to be maintained through controlled scarcity. We will present the ERC-721 standard, which enables the creation of NFT, as well as the first five leading platforms for placing NFT tokens on the blockchain through selected examples.
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Concepts of media literacy in intergenerational learning
Статья научная
Understanding, applying, and re-contextualising media literacy concepts are viewed as part of the tools beneficial for intergenerational learning. The individual autonomy of media content users is now, more than ever, under the pressure of accelerated media content production and consumption on the one hand, and on the other, amidst completely new consumerist needs. Approaches and perspectives in the field of media literacy are continuously developing to respond to the challenges brought by the digital age and changes in the media landscape. Based on the Central Concepts of Media Literacy, discussed by Potter and Hobbs, we believe that the continuous implementation of intergenerational learning about media literacy is necessary in Serbia, with a focus on digital literacy and technological competencies. Intergenerational learning is viewed as a learning partnership based on reciprocity and mutuality involving different ages, with generations working together to acquire skills, values, and knowledge. We approach education for media literacy holistically, viewing media literacy as a kind of intellectual curiosity activation, and we advocate for media literacy as activism in intergenerational, non-familial educational programs.
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Cosmological concept of time in “The Change of Zhou” (“The Bool of Change”)
Статья научная
This paper represents one chapter from my PhD dissertation, written and successfully defended at Beijing Normal University in 2012. The whole content is translated from my doctoral dissertation that was originally written in Chinese language. According to the existing references, the earliest Chinese philosopher who mentioned in his essays the word “cosmos – yuzhou” was Shi Jiao (390-330 BC). He said: “four directions of Heaven and Earth are called ′yu′, time since ancient times till today is called ′zhou′”. In other words, yu represents space, while zhou symbolizes time, and that is why Chinese ancient cosmology may be even called “concept of space and time”. Inscriptions on the oracle bones and tortoiseshells with the symbols called “ganzhi”, originating from the Yin dynasty, were used to record hours, days, months and years i.e. time, but at the same time, Chinese people used these symbols to mark the directions of space, too. All of the cosmological diagrams used by “The Change of Zhou” and yijingologists, like Fuxi’s transcendental bagua diagram, king Wen’s empirical bagua diagram, river map and Luo book simultaneously depict time and space. In the eyes of the Chinese people, since ancient times, time and space are one whole and inseparable unity. However, being a foreigner, the writer of these lines will separately analyze the meaning of time in “The Book of Change”. As a foreigner, I find that the greatest charm of Chinese characters is that every character holds the whole history and etymology of one word or term in it. In other words, the most prominent feature of Chinese characters is symbolism. Therefore, if we want to explore “the time” concept, we must start from the character 时- shi meaning “time”. Character shi is formed of one radical meaning “sun”, and another meaning “measure”. This shows that the meaning of character shi is “measuring the sun”, i.e. measuring the length of sun shadow. The shorter the sun shadow is, the weather is being warmer and the Yang energy gets more abundant. It explains that character shi depicts increasing and decreasing of Yin and Yang energy in the cosmos and on the Earth. This paper analyzes time concept in “The Change of Zhou” from the Chinese and Western point of view. It explains meanings of Heavenly dao, Heavenly time, chance and synchronicity. The paper uses time theories (like simplicity of time, presentism, etc.) of German scientist Leibniz（1646 – 1716）, and famous Swiss psychologist Carl Jung’s（1875 - 1961） concepts (like cosmical archetypes and synchronicities), and compare them with ideas of “the cognition of subtle”, “progress through change” and “capability to grasp the chance” in “The Change of Zhou”. Finally, it combines and summarises the concept of time from “The Change of Zhou” and Western point of view.
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Creative industries in media studies
Статья научная
Creativity, as a concept, has existed long before the term “creative industries”. It was first used in 1994 in the Australian government’s strategy document “Creative Nation”. Namely, from the beginning of civilization, until today, human beings have been creative in the most diverse possible ways. Although one tends to associate this term with art, today it has a really wide application, from industrial, fashion, graphic design to creativity, which often “breaks” the routine of everyday life, which to a lesser or greater extent imposes very similar obligations on us. What has changed with the development of society and technology is that creativity today is to a large extent, in addition to the spiritual and artistic value which has for the individual, a sphere that can bring significant material profit to cities and countries, and as such is recognized as a special branch of industry. Therefore, this paper will discuss following topics: creative capital, creative class, Frankfurt school, portals, blogs, human, industrial and design.
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Delicate sound of AI restoration - ”The Lord of the Things”
Статья научная
Re-defining important changes in the music and film restoration industry, exploring the possibility to: 1. Extract individually chosen sounds from the final movie track in order to re-balance (re-mix) its audio content. 2. Extract chosen sounds from the original audio recording and re-mix, with separated audio stems. The Results section starts by describing the process of creating a completely new mixdown made from AI-generated audio stems (previously extracted from the original mono recordings) joining it with restored original 16 mm video footage, resulting in a full eight-hour movie, separated into three episodes, each with a duration between two and three hours, covering about one week each, of the 21 days of studio time. The material was recorded during the filming of The Beatles’ “Get Back” sessions at Twickenham Studios, London, in January 1969, and chronicles the making of “Let It Be” and the band’s famed final “Rooftop Concert.” The second episode describes the audio/video production of the last-ever song by The Beatles (“Now and Then”) literally made from scratch, as the core of the project was only a poor-quality analog recording made by John Lennon, singing and playing piano to an old, mono, compact cassette recorder.
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Digital transformation and new educational paradigm
Статья научная
Digital transformation has encompassed all segments of life, including education. In this paper, we examine the necessity of changing the educational paradigm due to the rapid development of communication technologies that have shaped the upbring-ing of young generations over the past decade, their impact on cognitive development, perception, and attention, the swift ad-vancement and efficiency of educational platforms, the increasing use of artificial intelligence, and, finally, the experiences from the COVID crisis period which significantly influenced the habits, expectations, and lifestyles of young generations. Based on the constructivist theoretical approach to the educational process, we propose the concept of a “learning landscape” designed on the principle of “active learning,” which places the learner at the center of the educational process. The effectiveness of learning outcomes depends on the functional combination of the traditional “face-to-face” approach and the application of automated digital tools such as digital educational platforms, modules, and artificial intelligence tools (a blended or hybrid approach). We also discuss the new role of educators in this process.
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Статья научная
This paper pointed out the benefits as well as the security risk that is the result of inconsistencies of software applications from different manufacturers and the lack of standards in IoT devices networks. Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is now one of the most used open protocols in the Internet of Things. The term IoT is often followed by a great enthusiasm of researchers. End-users also share the same sentiment, ignoring the security risks that arise from dropping and reconnecting IoT devices that very often send passwords to server in plain text, while manufacturers often remain silently indifferent. They primary put focus on profitability, but not on safety. In other words, the door on smart homes remains wide open for hackers. This paper gives an overview of one potential solution of the Internet of Things security problem.
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ERP systems and the challenges of legal protection of personal data
Статья научная
Due to the increasingly rapid development and implementation of information technologies, the amount of information obtained via the Internet, the business environment, and increasing competition in the market, companies have a need for services and information systems that will fully support their businesses and at the same time enable development goals. On the scene come ERP systems that represent a wide range of business software for business management, ranging from financial management to operations management. In this whole process, the challenges of legal protection of personal data also arise.
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Статья научная
This paper deals with the impact of transhumanism and the technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on ethics and environment of the emerging society. Transhumanism, with its ideas of radical technological transformation of human being aiming at creating a new being – a hybrid form developed from the fusion of man and machine, with transhuman, as a transi-tional form, and posthuman, as the ultimate stage of the human-machine fusion, brings many controversies and radically affects the position and essence of the human being. The ethics of transhumanism is being manifested through the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which, based on new set of technologies, enables a radical transformation of the human being, requiring the necessity of a new approach to ethics, from the point of view of technological ethics. Technologies within the framework of 4IR bring new, hitherto unimagined challenges that require the entire global community to review current ethics and adopt new measures and tasks for the purpose of redefining, reorganizing and restructuring the relationship between humans and technologies, in the direction of preserving the stable, humanist, holistic sustainable development of human society.
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Hate speech and disinformation contrary to ethics and media education
Статья научная
In the conditions of accelerated information-technological progress, ethical principles began to be lost. This is best reflected in the existence of hate speech and the spread of misinformation in the media space of the global village, as the world is today. The Internet has opened up a free media space, but it has not introduced a sufficient number of regulatory bodies that could eventually select or completely eliminate certain content, such as hate speech and misinformation. In this paper, one will try to point out the global problem concerning the expansion of a free, non-selective and non-critical digital space.
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Improving construction projects and reducing risk by using artificial intelligence
Статья научная
Architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) industry has large amounts of data, the analysis of which can predict risks such as project delays, project budget overruns, low resource use efficiency, environmental damage, reduced safety, and the like. Research has shown that 98% of construction projects are realized with the contracted budget and deadline exceeded. This paper aims to show the significant potential and possibilities of applying artificial intelligence (AI) in the AEC industry, pointing out the benefits and obstacles faced by the AEC industry during the implementation of AI. The benefits of applying AI in the AEC industry relate to increasing efficiency, reducing costs, increasing productivity, increasing safety, better planning and providing timely and accurate information. The key obstacles that hinder the implementation of AI in practice are high implementation costs, incomplete data, job loss due to automation, mistrust of AI technology, cyber vulnerability, and lack of understanding field of AI.
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Integer single-error-correcting codes as an alternative to the internet checksum
Статья научная
The paper considers the possibility of using integer single-error-correcting (SEC) codes instead of the Internet checksum (IC). It is shown that such a replacement can be easily carried out, since the integer SEC codes are a generalization of the IC.
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Nanoinformatics, computer applications for nanomedicine
Статья научная
Nanoinformatics emerged in the early 21st century as a response to the need for computer applications at the nano level. While nanomaterials offer the potential for developing new devices in various industrial and scientific fields, they also provide revolutionary perspectives in disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in humans. This review paper analyzes different aspects of nanoinformatics with a special focus on nanomedicine. Another important aspect is the use of informatics in further advancing the biological and clinical applications of basic research in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Nanoinformatics can accelerate the development of the emerging field of nanomedicine, similar to what happened with the Human Genome and other -omics projects, through the exchange of modeling and simulation methods and tools, linking toxicity information with clinical and personal databases, or developing new approaches for scientific studies.
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Статья научная
The environment is the fiber and bedrock upon which Urbanization thrives. In modifying the environment to accommodate urbanization, care must be taken to avoid any form of exploitation, degradation, abuse, and misuse. But this has not been the case in Nigeria, urbanization has occurred rapidly through unsustainable activities and lifestyles that deplete the environment, and the lives of the very inhabitants it should so dutifully protect. This paper analyzes how Nigeria’s rapid urban growth is affecting landscape design and sustainability, and strategies for combating the negative effects of urbanization on the landscape are proposed.
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Статья научная
Technological advancements and changes in the labor market require workers to continuously enhance their skills. Lifelong learning becomes a necessity in reality, and proposals in developed countries for returning to college after graduation open up new opportunities for acquiring new knowledge. Digital literacy, communication skills with both humans and robots, and understanding complex problems may become key skills for the 21st century. Jobs in the fields of medicine and technological innovation are expected to be in high demand. Furthermore, the digitization of society requires an increase in digital competences. These competences encompass not only computer literacy but also readiness for collaboration, quick problem-solving, and understanding of social relationships in a digital context. The paper “Lifelong Learning and Digital Competences in the Era of Industry 5.0: Keys to Success in the Future of Work” highlights the importance of continuous education and the development of skills necessary in the modern work environment, which is increasingly shifting towards Industry 5.0 and digital transformation.
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