Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий @vestnik-vsuet
Статьи журнала - Вестник Воронежского государственного университета инженерных технологий
Все статьи: 2600
Simulation of ethylene oxide production from ethylene cholorhydrin
Статья научная
This research has been performed in the Ethylene Oxide production process. It is a flammable and colorless gas at temperatures above 11 °C. It is an important commodity chemical for the production of solvents, antifreeze, textiles, detergents, adhesives, polyurethane foam, and pharmaceuticals. Small amounts of Ethylene Oxide [EO] are used in manufacturing fumigants and sterilants for spices and cosmetics, as well as hospital sterilization for surgical equipment. Modern Ethylene oxide [EO] productions employ either air or oxygen (O2)to oxidize ethylene (C2H4) with a silver catalyst on an alumina oxide carrier[Ag/Al2O3]catalyst packed in a fixed-bed reactor (plug-flow reactor)but the oxygen-base reaction process is more desirable here we used oxygen. Mainly two reactions occur, partial oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide and total oxidation of ethylene to carbon dioxide and water. The design models of the process in this research based on a three-part system. They are: the reaction system, absorption system and Ethylene Oxide [EO] purification system. The largest cost in production of ethylene oxide is ethylene therefore, it’s important to optimize the selectivity towards ethylene oxide and thus reduce the consumption of Ethylene. The aim of this work is to create a simulation model of the Ethylene Oxide production process from Ethylene using Aspen Hysys V9. Also to knowing the optimum operational conditions (temperature -pressure -flow rate) for the oxidation reactions of Ethylene. The simulation was running three times with various operational conditions to make a good result. The conclusion was that during operational time the activation energy increased for both reactions which have to be compensated with increasing reactor temperature. At the same time the selectivity for producing Ethylene Oxide decreases, i.e. more carbon dioxide and water are formed. The simulation models yield Ethylene Oxide with purity of 99.2%.
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Simulation of municipal solid waste gasification in fixed bed reactor
Статья научная
The objective of this work is simulating municipal solid waste gasification in fixed bed reactor. A comprehensive process model developed to simulate municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification in fixed bed reactor using an Aspen Plus simulation .To predict and analyze the municipal solid waste pyrolysis and gasification process in an updraft fixed bed more veritably and appropriately, numerical modeling based on Gibbs energy minimization was executed using the Aspen plus software v(9). Rstoic is a block that can be used to simulate a reactor with the unknown or unimportant reaction kinetic that will describe drying section(moisture evaporated).The Ryield model was describe the pyrolysis section, while the Rgibbs model was used for gasification section individually .The proposed model is used to forecast and analyze target performance parameter including syngas composition, lower heating value and carbon conversion rate under different conditions of gasification temperature , and ratios. The results indicate that is a good agreement between data and simulated data obtained using this model .The predicted optimum gasification temperature is about approximately 750°C, and the best ratio of air equivalent ratio is around 0.2 and feed rate 200 kg /hr.
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Статья научная
Gums refer to a type of polysaccharides which are used to increase viscosity and create some other functional properties such as thickening agent, emulsifying agent, stabilizer, crystal inhibitor and so forth. They are classifying based on their nature and originality including, microbial, plant, exudate and animal Gums. This article shortly reviews a group of plant Gums and recent findings in their application. Gums or Hydrocolloids are main compounds which create stability of emulsion via entering into water phase. The importance of these compounds is on viscosity and electrostatic reactions to stabilize nonalcoholic emulsion with below properties; 1) easily soluble in cold water, 2) the lowest amount of viscosity in water, 3) having maximum level of emulsifier amount, 4) no creation of gelling. Diversity and functionality of Gums and regarding their still novelty in food industries have made Gums one of the main additives in food formulations. Since sourced of Gums are different we must focus on using them together to improve their synergistic effect but interactions among them and combined matrixes produced by them also need to be studied in details.
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Статья научная
Currently, the Russian market offers a wide range of smoking tobacco products. Cigarettes are in greatest demand. However, for many reasons, including high selling prices due to rising excise taxes, and dissatisfaction with taste characteristics, cigarette consumption is declining. There is a partial transition of consumers to other types of products, with fine-cut smoking tobacco being an alternative and obvious choice. From fine-cut smoking tobacco, consumers independently make products (roll-your-own cigarettes) of the Roll Your Own (RYO) type without a filter, wrapping a portion of tobacco with special paper manually, combining different types of tobacco, using different papers, changing the mass of tobacco and the diameter of the product, creating a product that meets taste preferences. Considering that nicotine and tar carry a toxic load for the body of consumers, it is relevant to study the content of smoke components of fine-cut smoking tobacco products (rolled tobacco), which may depend on many factors (weight of the product, diameter of the product, properties of tobacco, properties of paper). In present article technological properties of different tobacco sorts: Virginia Gold, Burley, Immuniy 580 and tobacco blend made of these sorts were examined. Composition of papers for hand made cigarettes and their air permeability were analyzed. Effect of products’ constructive properties on contents of toxic compounds in the smoke (tar, nicotine) was studied. Correlation between cigarette paper air permeability and chemical composition of the smoke was experimentally found. Utilization paper with low air permeability increases nicotine and tar content in the smoke of final product. Increasing diameter and mass of the product also leads to increasing of tar and nicotine content.
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Статья научная
In this article views the result of analysis of condition of monetary movement on the present stage of development and reveals the main results the tendencies and the regularity of development. In the article provides an overview of monetary movement in Russia in the view of the evolutionary phases, including the dynamics of the last millennium. Displayed the assessment of the money weight in the beginning of the century, during the war, at the stage of the economic imbalances in the planned economy. As the results of the analysis of the main indicators of the dynamics of the money weight during the period of formation and development of a market economy.
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The efficiency of using new brands silica gel for colloidal stabilization of beer
Статья научная
The production of beer that meets the requirements of consumers in terms of quality and price is one of the most important aspects of competition in their sales market. It is known that the quality of the beer is associated with colloidal stability, which is often achieved through the use of different methods, such as chemical, enzymatic and physicochemical methods. Chemical methods are used to reduce the rate of oxidative processes in beer by introducing antioxidants. At the same time, enzymatic methods are often used in the mashing step. They involve enzyme preparations to regulate the levels of protein and carbohydrates (?-glucans and dextrins) in the beer. In breweries, physicochemical methods based on adsorbents that help remove major haze components such as protein and polyphenols from beer are commonly used. Since expensive imported materials such as silica gel and PVPP are widely used in Russia, which leads to additional production costs, this work is devoted to studying the possibility of reducing the costs of beer stabilization by replacing imported silica gels with domestic ones. For the study, we used domestic silica gels manufactured by "Tovesorb" (Russia). In addition, we used silica gels of foreign production Stabifix (Germany) and Britesorb L10 (Netherlands) as a control. The obtained results showed the prospects of using domestic brands of silica gel from "Tovesorb" (Russia), which were not inferior to imported analogues in terms of their adsorption properties.
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Статья научная
White brined cheese is a specific dairy product for Balkan Peninsula countries, Mediterranean, North Africa, Eastern Europe and some parts of Asia. The survey was conducted in 2016 at a dairy industry laboratory in R. of Macedonia. In this research work the influence of three different starter cultures of three white brined cheese variants (A, B, C) has been examined regarding the fat content dynamics. The starter culture in variant А (SMCH-5) contained following bacteria strains: Lb. bulgaricus, Str. thermophilus and Lb. acidophilus. In the variant B (Choozit Feta A) the follow bacteria strains were included: Lac. lactis ssp. lactis, Lac. lactis ssp. cremoris, Str. thermophilus, Lb. bulgaricus and Lb. helveticus. The variant C (MOTC 092 EE) was a combination of the strains: Lac. lactis ssp. lactis, Str. thermophilus, Lb. bulgaricus, Lb. helveticus and Lb. casei. The impact of the above mentioned three different starter cultures was determined over the fat content, рН and SH during the process of ripening of the white brined cheese.
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The influence of innovative development on economic security of the region
Статья научная
Fixed assets are an integral component of the productive capacity of any enterprise. The financial results of the enterprise largely depend on their intensity and efficiency of use. The analysis of fixed assets is usually carried out using an integrated and systematic approach, based on their availability, their movement, efficiency of use (including their active part). In the opinion of some authors, the traditional methods of analyzing fixed assets have a number of shortcomings, since they do not take into account the life cycle of an enterprise, the ecological aspects of the operation of fixed assets, the operation specifics of the individual divisions of a company and its branches. In order to improve the methodology for analyzing fixed assets, the authors proposed to use formalized and non-formalized criteria for analyzing the risks associated with the fixed asset use. A survey questionnaire was designed to determine the likelihood of the risk of economic losses associated with the use of fixed assets...
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The mechanisms of implementation of the state programs in the agrarian sector of economy
Статья научная
Modern studies in the field of public administration confirm the high efficiency and prospects of using targeted programs at various levels. The formation and realization of targeted programs in the implementation of the agrarian policy of Russia allow of solution of the most significant problems of the latter, while observing all planning principles and constantly monitoring the results achieved. The author of this article analyzes the use of targeted programs on the example of the “State Program for the Development of Agriculture and Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets”. He considers the directions and causes of its changes, the amount of financing aimed at its implementation, the distribution of responsibilities for its implementation and monitoring. The author also compares this program with the similar one at the level of the Voronezh region, identifies and substantiates common features and signs of difference. In addition to the positive aspects, it is indicated that the regional authorities are not yet fully aware of and so do not use the level of independence available to them in the formation and implementation of agricultural policy. The article proves the strategic nature of program-target planning, its specificity and systemic nature, which makes it attractive for public administration. A general conclusion is drawn on the effectiveness of targeted programs as a mechanism for implementing agricultural policy at the national and regional levels.
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Статья научная
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is a major leafy vegetable and is commonly used in salad mixes and sandwiches. Therefore, lettuce can contribute significantly to the nutritional content of healthy diets. One specific nutritional problem that needs attention is mineral (e.g., Fe, Zn) malnutrition, which impacts over two-thirds of the World’s people living in countries of every economic status. Also, consumption of salads Microgreens, the edible cotyledons of many vegetables has been gaining popularity as a culinary trend due to its flavor and density of minerals that can be sustainably produced in almost any locale. In this study, the nutrient contents of both mature and microgreen oakleaf lettuce grown on rockwool mat were assessed and compared to each other together with the phytonutrient contents like ascorbic acid, total antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content. Of the 10 nutrients examined (P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, N), lettuce microgreens had significantly larger quantities of all nutrients than mature lettuce except for the Ca and K. As microgreens can be grown easily in one’s home using the methods used in this study, they may provide a means for consumer access to larger quantities of nutrients per gram plant biomass relative to store-bought mature lettuce, which had relatively lower nutrient contents than microgreens with respect to most nutrients examined.
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Статья научная
This paper presents the results of experimental study on the possibility of improving consumer properties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa - var. Dubachuk MC) grown under the conditions of closed system in ISR-0.1 phytotron by applying foliar treatment of different concentrations of 1-ethoxysilatran - a new silicon based preparation belonging to Silatrans group. The trail demonstrated no effect of the preparation when applied in a concentration of 5.10-4 ml/l in ES1 treatment. However, the effectiveness starts upon using higher concentrations. The best yield components were obtained as a result of foliar treatments of ES3 and ES4 with concentrations of 5.10-3 and 10-2 ml/l respectively. Applying foliar treatment in vegetative phase resulted in complex effect of activation of physiological processes in plants, stimulating the photosynthetic activity and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments by recording a 22.7% increase in chlorophyll-a and 18.6% in carotenoids content in fresh leaves...
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The ways to improve the financial results of the housing and utility sector companies
Статья научная
Housing and communal services is an integral part of the social sphere of any settlement. Currently, its technical condition is characterized by a high degree of wear, low efficiency and loss of resources and coolants. Because of this, housing and communal services is unattractive to investors. A detailed analysis of the financial results of the municipal unitary enterprise of the Kamenno-Stepnoy rural settlement “Oasis” was carried out, the reasons for the decrease in efficiency by types of activities: heat supply, water supply, sanitation and solid waste management were identified. The analysis of the problems of the work of the MUE “Oasis” for 2016-2018. In 2017, from the 7.3 km heating network, 2.1 km already needed to be replaced, and in 2018 - 2.3 km or 31.5%. The number of accidents for 2017-2018 on heat supply sources (on steam and heat networks) - 4. Among water consumers, less than 50% have individual meters. For 2017-2018 7 accidents occurred on the water supply system, water losses amounted to approximately 13% of its total volume...
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Статья научная
Training allows employees to better integrate into the workforce, maintain their employment and develop their skills. The systems put in place aim to ensure the employability of the employee, his or her ability to keep or obtain a job. The employee has a right to training. Training plays an important role in the development of human resource skills in any organization. In fact, this lever, which must necessarily affect all aspects in a company and all its functions, must be generalized to all employees, regardless of their level of knowledge or position in the hierarchy. Training is a tool that allows the company to effectively confront an increasingly unpredictable and restrictive environment. The importance of training systems in organizations is such that decision makers regularly commission audits of their companies' training systems to identify strengths and weaknesses and suggest necessary adjustments. This presentation is an opportunity to demonstrate the concept of a training audit and to present a synthesis of examples of how this approach has been applied in the Societe Generale Group as a measure of excellence in the training process.
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Статья научная
The main problems of mankind in recent decades are the accumulation of various industrial, agricultural, and food production wastes. Their ineffective disposal and management practices have a detrimental effect on human health and cause environmental pollution, which requires urgent action. Food waste has become a complex phenomenon lately, attracting the attention of scientists, consumers, and activists. This study aims to apply the biotechnology of converting food waste into crystals of polylactic acid (PLA), a monomer for biodegradable plastic. A food waste sample is taken from the student canteen; wash, to remove impurities and fermentation of carbohydrate waste by autotrophic lactic acid bacteria in a natural process for about seven days in the optimal temperature range. Finally, lactic acid molecules polymerized by condensation reaction to form poly L-lactic acid (PLA) crystals, and then a biodegradable bioplastic.
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Статья научная
The environmental crisis of textile waste in the globe has increased due to the growth of fashion show, industrialization, and demand increment. Despite the Huge amount of textile waste its utilization has not been performed yet except for a little investigation. The present work emphasized the mechanical and permeability character of polymer synthesis of TGGA composites(textile waste, gelatin, glycerol, and acetic acid), fixed at 15% w/w of gelatin, 7 ml glycerol, 6 ml acetic acid through the 2.5% w/w, 5% w/w, and 7%w/w of the amount of cellulose waste. Thereby, the tensile strength of TGGA2 composite showed higher than TGGA1 and TGGA3, due to uniformity distribution of the amount of the textile cellulosic waste. Nonetheless, the elongation at break and water vapor permeability were decreased with the increased amount of the textile waste. Morphological structure of the synthesized composites such as cotton fibers and matrices were visible, rough and non-void area in all the samples. Besides, incorporation of the plasticizing agents confirmed that the TGGA - composites displayed better extensibility and flexibility compared to non-plasticizing composite films currently reported in the literature. Importantly, the produced composites exhibited a functionality equivalent with original packaging materials, which were convectional and natural polymers.
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«Зеленая» экономика: экологические инновации и экологические продукты
Статья научная
На сегодняшний день формируется концепция устойчивого развития жизни без ущерба будущим поколениям, Концепция «зеленой» экономики предполагает создание новых экологически чистых отраслей: с позиции государства - увеличение спроса на экологически чистую продукцию, со стороны общества - формирование нового спроса и новой культуры потребления населения. Растущий тренд здорового питания повышает интерес к экологически чистым продуктам, в том числе функциональным продуктам. Наибольшим спросом последнее время пользуются функциональные продукты, в том числе молочнокислые бактерии, витамины, пищевые волокна, биологически значимые элементы и др. Формирующиеся привычки здорового образа жизни и правильного питания заставляют потребителей осуществлять поиск необходимых товаров и услуг, при этом 36% потребителей предпочитают товары отечественных производителей. В ответ на новые потребительские стратегии отечественные производители меняют свой ассортимент: выводят на рынок конкурентные продукты, которые способны удовлетворить требования покупателей. По прогнозам экспертов, рынок здорового питания с каждым годом будут увеличивать объемы и темпы роста, а через 10-20 лет продукты здорового питания будут занимать не менее 30%. Развитие рынка экологически чистой продукции, несмотря на перспективность данного направления и огромный потенциал роста, находится на стадии формирования. Эффективность развития зависит напрямую от таких факторов, как наличие государственной поддержки и роста доходов населения. Государственная экономическая политика должна быть направлена на развитие механизмов поддержки и стимулирования производства экологически чистых продуктов. Внедрение экологически ориентированных инноваций в системы менеджмента организаций приведут к обеспечению рационального природопользования и экологической безопасности страны.
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Автоматизация контроля качества гомогенизации молока методами ультразвуковой спектроскопии
Статья научная
В работе рассмотрена возможность определения степени гомогенизации молока и молочных продуктов с использованием спектров поглощения ультразвуковых колебаний. Рассмотрены преимущества данного метода при его использовании в автоматизированных системах на производстве. Обоснованы теоретические предпосылки данного метода, а также возможность определения распределения жировых шариков в молоке в зависимости от их размеров. Осуществлен вывод математических зависимостей, показывающих связь между степенью гомогенизации молочных продуктов и акустическими свойствами среды, такими как скорость распространения ультразвуковых колебаний в исследуемой среде и коэффициента поглощения в среде, при определенной частоте ультразвукового воздействия и температуре среды. Показано, что измерение распределения акустических свойств молока по частоте, оценка по ним функции плотности спектра времен релаксации, а затем переход от времен релаксации к массам частиц позволяют осуществлять оперативный контроль распределения масс жировых шариков по фракциям. Теоретические обоснования подтверждены проведением экспериментальных исследований, по результатам которых отчетливо прослеживается зависимость степени поглощения ультразвуковых колебаний от степени гомогенизации молока. Рассмотрена зависимость между оценками релаксационных спектров и первых двух моментов статистического распределения жировых шариков молока, которая показала их взаимосвязь. Предложены возможные направления совершенствования рассматриваемого метода для повышения достоверности получаемых результатов.
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Автоматизация обработки микрофотографий молочных продуктов с использованием ImageJ и Statistica
Статья научная
В статье рассмотрены вопросы построения алгоритмов автоматизированной обработки микрофотографий молочных продуктов. Автоматическая обработка микрофотографий молочных продуктов актуальна при исследовании степени их гомогенизации. Микрофотографии молочных продуктов несут информацию о распределении жировых шариков по массовым фракциям. На сегодняшний день существует большое количество программных продуктов, осуществляющих обработку изображений и избавляющих исследователей от рутинных операций ручной обработки данных. Однако требуется их адаптация для осуществления обработки микрофотографий молочных продуктов. В данной работе предлагается использовать для обработки пакет прикладных программ ImageJдля обработки графических файлов, полученных с помощью цифрового микроскопа, а для расчета статистических характеристик предлагается использовать пакет прикладных программ Statistica. Алгоритм обработки состоит из последовательных стадий преобразования в формат оттенков серого цвета, шкалирования, фильтрации, бинаризации, распознавания объектов и статистической обработки результатов распознавания. Результатом работы реализованных алгоритмов обработки данных является функция распределения жировых шариков по объемным или массовым фракциям, а также статистические параметры распределения (математическое ожидание, дисперсия, коэффициенты асимметрии и эксцесса). Для осуществления проверки работы алгоритма и его отладки проведены экспериментальные исследования. Проведена гомогенизация фермерского молока при разных давлениях гомогенизации. Для каждого образца были сделаны микрофотографии и проведена обработка снимков в соответствии с предлагаемым алгоритмом. Проведенные исследования показали эффективность и возможность реализации предложенного алгоритма в виде скрипта на языке java для пакета программ ImageJс последующей передачей данных в виде файла в пакет прикладных программ Statistica.
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Статья научная
В статье рассмотрено пошаговое действие по использованию трех компьютерных программ: «Arduino IDE», «Modbus OPC Universal Master Server» и «Master Scada» для создания проектов автоматизации предприятий общественного питания. Фактическое повторение приведенного в работе примера автоматизации горячего цеха позволяет освоить методы проектирования на базе современных цифровых технологий. В представленных методах автоматизации для измерения параметров технологических процессов производства блюд на предприятиях общественного питания мы рекомендуем использовать интегральные датчики. Существующие датчики температуры, давления, перемещения, влажности хорошо адаптируются с современными микроконтроллерами, что позволяет создавать компактные недорогие устройства первичного сбора и обработки информации. На примере созданного в работе OPC-сервера показан метод передачи собранной информации в компьютер диспетчера, следящего за процессами варки продуктов в горячем цеху предприятий общественного питания...
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Статья научная
Определение состава исходного вещества выполнялось с помощью электронного сенсорного прибора «электронный нос», состоящего из 8 датчиков, на которые с помощью шприца подавался воздух с парами спирта, содержащего разного рода примеси. Сигнал с датчиков записывался с частотой дискретизации 1 с на протяжении 120 с. Выходные данные прибора были представлены в двух разных интерпретациях - в виде кривых, полученных от каждого датчика, либо площадей под кривыми. Цель работы - построение системы распознавания 11 примесей и воды в исходном веществе. Определение состава исходного вещества выполнялось с помощью «электронного носа», позволяющего получить по 120 значений с каждого из 8 датчиков в виде кривых либо значений площадей под кривыми. Большое количество классов (12), динамическое представление информации исходных данных делают целесообразным построение системы распознавания образов на основе нейронной сети - многослойного персептрона, обучаемого на основе алгоритма обратного распространения ошибки...
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