Статьи журнала - Вестник аграрной науки
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The agrobiological efficiency of arugula cultivation in protected soil
Статья научная
Agrobiological features of arugula cultivars Spartacus, Victoria, Poker and Pasyans have been studied. The dynamics of passing the phenophase of plant, the features of growth, development and productivity of the studied varieties of arugula at the different stages of growth have been defined. The best sowing time of arugula, when grown under protected ground, have been defined. In dependence on the period of cultivation, the optimal schemes and nutrition areas have been revealed. Found that the maximum yield of greens provided by thickened planting scheme /60+(20*5)/*10 cm at cultivation the Pasyans cultivar of arugula in early February - 1.68 kg/m².
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The analysis and choice of models of durability at probes of reliability of drive lines
Статья научная
The most actual problem of modern agricultural mechanical engineering is increasing of durability of details of transport and technological cars and the equipment by criteria of wear, corrosion and fatigue strength at simultaneous drop of their massogabaritny indicators. The continuous increase in power, working speed and other indicators of cars and the equipment, and also growth of intensity of details connected with it result in need of use in the course of probe of reliability of transmissions of cars of the latest developments of science and, in particular, specification of models of durability of their knots. The analysis of known models of durability of bearings of drive lines of transport and technological cars and the equipment is provided in article taking into account a type of refusal. The order of a choice of model of durability for carrying out target probes on the basis of calculations of dynamic loading capacity of bearings is offered.
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Статья научная
The main strategy of plant breeding of the Orel region is based on the steady growth of cereal crops production among which winter wheat dominates. That is why increase of productivity and quality of its grain is vital and modern problem of the Orel region and of the Russian Federation in general. The most important condition to obtain high and steady yeilds with good grain quality is getting good timely and complete sprouts of optimal density. That is why the problem of stimulating and inhibiting of seeds germination and processes taking place in them is essential. Today the most advanced technological method is the method of pretreatment of seedings with fungicide, together with growth stimulators application. The article presents the results of investigation of influence of seedings pretreatment of winter wheat «Moskovskaya 39» with growth stimulators and fungicide on the initial stages of development. Positive influence of the described agro method on the germination energy, laboratory sprouting, length and weight of sprouts and roots and also sprouts resistance to affection of fungi of type Fusarium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria is proved.
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Статья научная
The influence of five methods of the main tillage of different intensity on elements of structure of a crop was studied on the bases of millet broomcorn Quartet. Also the indicators characterizing the stability to lodging resistance of millet by options of experience were analyzed. During the research it was determined that the millet productivity increases when the tillage intensity increases as well. The reduction of tillage intensity at millet cultivation leads to sharp reduction of productivity. The reduction of productivity is connected with the decrease in density and survival of plants to harvesting that, in its turn, is directly connected with the quality of planting outfit operation. The impossibility to realize the efficiency potential on zero tillage was connected with the formation of the smallest plant weight, number of grains in a plant that, in its turn, led to formation of small and shrink millet seeds. The formation of a big yield of millet grain in options with plowing became possible thanks to the formation of bigger number of seeds from a plant and higher seed productivity. The maximum losses during millet harvesting in plowing option with a reverse plow were caused by low lodging resistance of plants of this option connected with their high-tallness, bigger length of the top internode and head length.
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Статья научная
The article analyzes the current content of the concept of «agro-industrial cluster» and the author's understanding of the process of clustering regional space is represented. View on the essence of competition through the prism of the cluster approach is reflected. The assessment results of the potential of the clustering regional space of Kursk region on the sphere of activity «agriculture» are presented. The main factors affecting the ability to combine participants of grain and grain products market in the agro-industrial cluster are reflected. The algorithm of making decision about the appropriateness of combining participants of grain and grain products market to a cluster through economic and mathematical modeling based on the theory of fuzzy sets is described. Calculated estimation of the advisability of combining existing participants of grain and grain products market in the agro-industrial cluster is presented. The results of empirical studies on the basis of official statistical reporting of model enterprises - potential cluster participants are presented.
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The condition of seeds and soya bean yield under the influence of desiccants
Статья научная
It is determined that desiccants Reglon Super, Tornado and PAP-600 have to be used at the condition of plant development when low leaves begin to turn yellow and grain moisture is 65% but not 45% as it was accepted earlier. In Orel region the desiccants allow harvesting middle-ripening soybean varieties with direct combining. The harvesting occurs at the end of August that is 10-15 days earlier. Among investigated products Reglon Super at a rate of 2.0 l/ha is more effective substance on seed crops. Desiccants decrease yield of soybean seeds insignificantly but that is compensated by early harvesting at good weather.
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Статья научная
The data on influence of agrotechnical methods of cultivation of fruit and decorative crops saplings are provided in article, on physical and chemical properties of the gray forest soil. Such methods as the depth of soil preparation and a dose of fertilizer dressing were studied. It is shown that density and soil hardness in the top soil 0-20 cm didn't depend on tilling depth, in soil layer of 20-40 cm the density and hardness of the soil was significantly lower in case with tilling depth 40 cm. Therefore here the root system of saplings had bigger volume optimum on the physical indicators of a root layer. Fertilizer dressing in the raised doses promotes increase the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. The increase of tilling depth reduces concentration of nitrogen to 40 cm, owing to its distribution in the bigger volume of the soil.
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The effect of applying biologically active substances on the production process of soybean and beans
Статья научная
The article presents results of research on studying of influence of inoculation and treatment by biological active substances on symbiotic activity and seed production of soybean and common bean. Researches were conducted in the All-Russia Research Institute of Legumes and Groat Crops in 2007-2009. Influence of presowing treatment by preparations Albit, Humate of potassium and Mival-Agro at separate application and at combination to inoculation with nitragin on symbiotic and photosynthetic activity of soya and bean, and also on their productivity was studied. Formation of symbiotic apparatus and its activity were defined by presence of spontaneous populations of Rhizobia and at their absence it depended on treatment by nitragin. The greatest increase of area of leaves was noted at combination of inoculation with application of Humate of potassium and Albit-19,4% at soya and 35% at bean. The highest yield - 21,4 c/ha on soya and 18,8 c/ha on bean (on the average for 3 years) was received at combination of treatment of seeds by Humate of potassium and inoculation with nitragin.
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Статья научная
The studies were conducted on a dark-grey forest soil with humus content of 4-5% P 2O 5 -10, K 2O – 12 mg/100g. The purple clover was sowed together with barley by a combined grain grass seeder SZT - 3,6. The seeding rate for clover is 15 kg/ha, for barley - 2,5; 3,0 and 4,0 million viable seeds per hectare. The mineral fertilizers were applied under the previous crop. Research results: optimal barley seeding rate with complementary seeding of clover is 3 million seeds/ha against the background of mineral fertilizers N 45P 50K 60.
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The effectiveness of «Adimast» for the treatment of cows’ mastitis in the dry period
Статья научная
Currently, among the diseases of dairy cows inflammation of the mammary gland is almost the leading role. Patients mastitis animals primarily reduced milk production and on average 10-15% of the milk yield, milk quality is deteriorating health, with only these two measures bring significant economic losses to the manufacturer. According to many researchers found that inflammation of mammary gland is in the dry period starts, and is shown after calving. In this case, the udder becomes infected during start-up and for the first time after starting 2-3 weeks before the formation of keratin plugs in nipple. Treatment of dysfunction breast cows used a large amount of preparations. After the use of preparations, which include antibiotics to treat mastitis cows milk can be consumed no earlier than 120-252 hours, and some more time. The imported products are much more expensive, difference factor is 3-4.
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Статья научная
The comparative beef productivity characteristics of Simmental bulls and their crossbreeds with the Hereford and Charolaise were demonstrated in the article. 3 groups of calves with 17 heads each were selected and formed for the experiment. Simmental bulls were included to the first (control) group, mixed bred calves receiving from the crossing of Simmental cows with Hereford and Charolaise bulls to the second and the third (experimental) groups. During the whole experimental period, except only after weaned period, Charolaise crossbreeds demonstrated high average daily gains and significantly exceeded other two groups. Average daily gains in groups constituted correspondently: 993, 1014 and 1101g. during whole period of experiment. Crossbreeds Hereford and Charolaise bulls were characterized by a higher slaughter weight and hot carcasses weight in all age periods. At the end of the experimental period the slaughter yield of the maternal breed bulls was 59,3 per cent, and 61,8 and 62,7% of the Hereford and Charolaise bulls correspondently. However, slight deposition of subcutaneous and internal fat was observed in Sharolaise crossbreeds.
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Статья научная
The influence of primary tillage methods with the application of herbicide Dimesol on the phytosanitary condition of crops and productivity of grain was studied on the bases of broomcorn millet Quartet. Also technological cards of crop cultivation by options of experience were calculated and the structure of expenses at millet cultivation was analyzed. During the research it was stated that productivity of millet increases when the intensity of tillage increases as well. The reduction of tillage intensity during millet cultivation leads to sharp reduction of productivity; thus it is necessary to strengthen herbicidal protection, especially against the second wave of weeds. Options with dump tillage appeared to be the most favorable ones in the economic relation. Considering the structure of expenses by production of millet grain, it is found out that the greatest part of them is the share of mineral fertilizers (about 60%). At millet cultivation without tillage there was a fuel depreciation practically twice. This option needs additional studying.
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Статья научная
The article under review deals with the positive effect of common thyme and its complex with Khotynetskiy zeolites on biochemical blood parameters in highly productive cows after transportation in the conditions of an industrial complex. On the 28-th day of the experiment their integrated use showed the normalization of biochemicalblood serum parameters: CP activity increaseby 27.5%, the glucose content by 12.3%, total protein by 7%, the MDA level decrease by 42%, the urea concentration by 8.0%, creatinine by 10.6%, cholesterol by 13.6%, triglycerides by 30.6%, ALT activity by 18.8%, ASTby 14.4%, LDH by 8.9% CK by 11.4%, ALP-AMP by 11.2%, GT by 19,3%.
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The epizootiological indicators of anthrax in Mongolia
Статья научная
The results of the analysis of livestock anthrax spread in Mongolia for 2003-2012 are presented in article. Anthrax is registered in the country every year among farm animals. The most wide anthrax spread was noted in 2004-2009. During the study period, there was registered 337 anthrax troubled points, the largest number - 204 points or 60.52% revealed in the Hangai buus region. In Hovsgol aimak of the given region infection was observed in 136 points, which amount 40.35% of the total. Anthrax is not registered in the Bayan-Olgiy, Gov-Sumber, Dornogov’, Omnogov’ aimaks of the country with dry and hot climate. Few cases of animal disease occur in Orkhon, Darkhan-Uul, Sukhbaatar, Tov aimaks.
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The factors and trends of reproducing fixed capital of agro-industrial sector in Orel region
Статья научная
Reproducing fixed capital of agro-industrial sector is an objective economic phenomenon caused by the necessity reimbursement of its constituent elements that involved in the production of agricultural products. This process is closely connected with the work efficiency and economic opportunities of the enterprise in the financial and resource provision, because it is not only a consequence but also the most important reason of this efficiency. The Orel Region has significant competitive advantages in the agro-industrial sector: a favorable geographical position, advanced transport infrastructure. Agriculture occupies a significant part in the economic sector of the region, which in turn predetermines the necessity of study the problem of updating and modernization of fixed capital. The article reflects the indicators of agricultural activity of the Orel Region, the assessment of the park renewal of the main types of agricultural machinery is given, factors and risks affecting the process of reproducing the fixed capital in the industry are identified and its control methods are shown, the main directions of the long-term regional target program named «Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural markets, raw materials and foodstuffs in the Orel Region for 2013-2020» in terms of trends in the technical and technological modernization and innovative development of industries are also reflected.
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The features of reproduction processes in the agro-industrial complex in conditions of open economy
Статья научная
The level of integration of the economic system of Russia with the external economic environment, the global specialty for food products have been investigated. Based on the theory of reproduction, which initially abstracted from the interaction with the external environment, the laws of motion of social capital in simple reproduction considering integrate the national economy into the world economy have been formulated. The necessity of import substitution not only agricultural products, but also the means of its production has been substantiated.
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Статья научная
The impact of industrial use of cows on following genetic parameters: phenotypic variability, correlation, repeatability and heritability of economically useful traits in the high producing dairy cows herd of black-motley breed with the high level of holsteins has been studied. With the increasing the period of use cows up to 7 or more lactations, coefficients of variation of all monitored indicators declined in connection with the removal of cows with extreme indicators of productivity and longevity during first 3-4 lactations. The correlation coefficients of milk yields during the first, highest lactation and in lifetime, regardless of the period of use is closely related to the life-long milk yield, milk yield per day of productive life and milk yield per day of life. The heritability coefficients (h²) of the indicators of longevity with increasing period of use cows up to 5 or more lactations has tended to increase: by the age of first calving from 0.01 to 0.16, by the number of highest lactation from 0.18 to 0.33, by milking days from 0.10 to 0.30, by lifetime milk yields from 0.18 to 0.32, and by days of life from 0.01 up to 0.21. The highest repeatability of indicators of milk yield, milk fat, body weight of cows regardless of the duration of their use was for the adjacent lactations (1 and 2, 2 and 3, 3 and 4, 4 and 5, 5 and 6). With increasing distance of lactations from each other the coefficient of repeatability of these traits is lowered.
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Статья научная
The article under consideration is dedicated to the results of the environmental testing of the winter triticale genofond from different plant selection stations by major economic characteristics in the conditions of Kamennaya Step of the Voronezh region. Judging by the yields the following varieties are of special importance: Vocaliz - 5,19 t/ha, Legion - 5.87 t/ha, Atstek - 5,32 t/ha, Almaz- 5,64 t/ha, Topaz - 5,32 t/ha, Knyaz - 5,13 t/ha, 97-65t-48-24 - 5.9 t/ha, 97-67T-6P-20 - 5,61 t/ha, 98-191T-22, 98-199T-12-22 - 5,22 t/ha,02-82T-23 - a 5.25 t/ha, Valentin 90 - 5,74 t/ha, Stepan - 5,11 t/ha, Kastus - 5.26 t/ha and others. Varieties with a high protein and starch content are Doctrina 110, Talva 100, Vodoley, Kentavr, Sotnik, 98-191T-22, Ustinia, Tulus and others. Varieties resistant to brown rust are Talva 100, Agraf, Vocaliz, Konsul, Legion, Atstek, Almaz, Valentin-90, Leader, Makar, Orlik, Yubileynaya, Tulus and others. The varieties studied have been recommended for production and should be put into selective programs.
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The impact of desiccants and growth regulators on the sowing quality of soya seeds
Статья научная
The text under review deals with the results of studies of the technological parameters of using desiccants Reglon Super and RAP-600 on yield and sowing quality of soya seeds in the Orel region. Additionally the impact of growth stimulating preparations on the stressful situation of desiccants on seed germination and the residual amount of pesticides were determined.
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Статья научная
Holsteins stud bulls of Western and European breeding with different linear affiliation, are widely used for improvement of dairy cattle in Russia.In this regard, it is important to know what influence they will have on the productivity, quality and technological properties of milk. The purpose was to study the influence of genetic factors on the quality indicators and technological properties of milk. Studies were conducted on the local livestock of black-and-white cattle with different linear affiliations.Control group - the line of Eagle; 1st experimental group - Reflection Sovereign line; 2nd experimental group - Montvic Chieftainline; 3rd experimental group - Vis Bake Ideal line. The highest yields of milk for 305 days of lactation was obtained from cows line V.B. Ideal - 4889 kg, which was significantly higher than yields in control group at 917 kg (P
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