Статьи журнала - Вестник аграрной науки
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Статья научная
Irrigation has been suggested to be a central key part in curbing food scarcity and alleviating poverty not only in Nigeria but also in many other developing countries. The continued dependence on rainfall in agriculture has proved incapable of sustaining the population increase. The study was conducted to assess the role of Kampe irrigation dam on farm household’s income-poverty status in Kogi State, Nigeria. A two stage sampling technique was utilized for the study. Samples were drawn from irrigation beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries within the project community. A total of 140 respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Also, the study used the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) model which was used to examine the incidence, gap and severity of poverty among the sampled respondents. Logit regression model was used to identify the factors contributing to poverty state in the study area. The poverty incidence was 41% and 57% for irrigation beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively. Poverty gap i.e aggregate expenditure shortfall was 6% and 21% for irrigation beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively. However, poverty severity was much higher among irrigation beneficiaries (28%) and 23% for irrigation non-beneficiaries. Farm household size, total annual farm income and total input cost all contributed to the poverty situation in the study area. The study agree that irrigation dam project would contribute to reducing income-poverty of irrigation farm households, from the result, the study also, based on the key research findings, this study provides recommendations on policy and interventions for making irrigated agriculture effective tool for poverty reduction program.
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Isolation of listeriaphage from the environmental objects
Статья научная
The article focuses on the development of allocation schemes listeriaphages from the environmental objects. The authors have shown that the use of allocated specific bacteriophages allows detection of the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes.
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Статья
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Management of technological innovation processes in an organization on the basis of cost approach
Статья научная
The process of innovation management within the intensive economic development includes a number in a sequence of scientific, technological, industrial, institutional and commercial work, leading to an increase in its profits by increasing the productivity of labor and equipment, reducing production costs and improving product quality. In turn, technological innovation is an innovation in technology, improvements in technology, the use of fundamentally new technologies in the production of manufactured product, the development of new technological regulations, new types of manufacturing equipment and tooling. Cost management of the innovation process at the enterprise assumes all functions inherent in managing any object: development (making) decisions, implementation decisions, monitoring their implementation.
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Mathematical simulation of microclimate of sub-surfaced in the ground potato storehouses
Статья научная
The highest significance in the safekeeping of the biological production has the heat-moister regime in the storehouses and inside of a stored agricultural produce. Existing storage technologies demand certain adjustment in each case, which can be significantly simplified with the computer simulation. The adequate model with realistic conditions can be provided with the complete mathematical description and all basic factors taken into an account. The purpose of this work is the development of the methods of the heat-technical calculation and computer simulation of vegetable storehouses microclimate by solving the conjugate non-stationary heat and moister exchange tasks. The full mathematical model of a heat-exchange is based on the conjugate non-stationary heat-moister exchange task for the whole system construction-equipment-bulk in their heat interconnection, but not for each component separately taking part in the heat-exchange. As a generic math model we consider the heat-moister condition of a semi-sub-surfaced in the ground storehouses, because in this case it's necessary to take into account the heat interaction not only with air surroundings, but also with the ground, unlike above ground surface storehouses as a particular version of common model. Developed the finite-difference method of calculations which have sufficient enough high-speed and accuracy for engineer practice. These methods allow in short time calculate the temperature and moisture in the storehouses. Software package POSOH (Kondrashov, Kondraschov, Kokin, Tyukov, 2003) was designed for computer modeling of these processes. Examples of the simulation for selection of most appropriate construction and technology parameters for reduction of depreciation of agricultural production during storage are provided. The heat-resistant properties of above surface and semi-sub-surfaced storehouses were compared.
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Meat quality finishing pigs of Canadian selection
Статья научная
The article presents the results of the research of meat productivity of the purebred (Yorkshire, Landrace and Duroc) and hybrid (Yorkshire х Landrace and the Yorkshire х Landrace х Duroc) pigs the Canadian selection, grown in the LLC «Ozersky pig farm» of the Tula region. The controlling slaughter of the experimental pigs has been produced for the evaluation of meat qualities. According to the results of the slaughter main indicators of meat productivity of pigs were evaluated: the slaughter weight, slaughter yield, longissimus dorsi muscle area, the length of the carcass, the thickness of the fat. Analysis of data obtained in the evaluation of pig meat productivity of different genotypes Canadian selection, allowed to identify genotypes that possess the most desirable meat qualities.
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Method of monitoring minerals using remote sensing data based on spectral index
Статья научная
The paper presents the results of monitoring iron oxide, clay mineral by using LANDSAT 7 ETM+ image based on spectral index in Musan area (North Korea). The results which are obtained in this study can be used to create distribution clay mineral, iron oxide map, and to serve mineral mining and exploration.
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Статья научная
This article develops theoretical, scientific, methodological and practical recommendations for determining ways, factors and criteria to improve the efficiency of industrial multi-level companies in the context of the epidemic COVID-19. This, in its turn, suggests a justification for the problem of maintaining stable economic indicators of an industrial multi-level company during a downturn in the economic activity caused by external factors, such as an economic crisis or an epidemic comparable in coverage of industries with coronavirus infection (COVID-19); development of a structure that allows analyzing changes in the external and internal environment and taking timely measures to prevent or mitigate negative effects of negative factors of the external and internal environment on the stable operation of the organization; modeling the situation of the epidemic and searching for the most effective options for an industrial multi-level company in these conditions; studying international experience in stimulating the economy in the context of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) spread. The scientific object is to substantiate theoretical and methodological provision and practical recommendations for the formation and implementation of an effective policy in the organization in terms of maintaining high performance during a downturn in the business activity both in the region and in the world, aimed at intensifying activities of all business and support units of the industrial multi-level company, including modeling negative economic effects. The obtained scientific results and conclusions will give definite practical recommendations and can be directly used in the process of forming the economic policy of both industrial multi-level company as a whole and at individual enterprises of this company.
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Microalgae as innovative object in organic agriculture
Статья научная
Microalgae are one of the most important objects in modern biotechnology. Intensive cultivation allows getting biomass with a high content of proteins, a number of vitamins, mineral substances, which are in organic form and are used by more than 90%. Due to its high biological activity, they can improve soil fertility naturally, enhance its microbiological activity, increase crop yield, reduce the time of ripening and get ecological safe output.
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Microbiological remediation of pesticide territories in Orel region
Статья научная
The article presents research data of the ability of microorganisms to remediate areas contaminated by pesticides on the example of the pesticide label Pivot (herbicide). Change of microorganism population's dynamics at various concentrations of pesticide is identified. It is concluded about the possibility of using microorganisms for reduction negative impact of pesticides on agro ecosystems, environment.
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Milk production on a modern dairy farm
Статья научная
Based on statistical, theoretical and empirical research methods we present the analysis of milk production on modern robotic farms. We have evaluated the production potential of the dairy industry. The issues of feeding, milking, housing, breeding under the conditions of using robotic milkers without the use of human resources are also highlighted. According to domestic researchers, an investment in a robot gives an additional annual revenue of about 1 million rubles. With such revenues, the payback period of the milking robot is from 3 to 5 years. The fundamental element of economic efficiency, of course, is the high milk production of cows, when the yield should be 8-10 thousand kg of milk per cow per year. The efficiency of the milking robot increases significantly when the accompanying innovative production elements are introduced on the farm. These include innovations in feeding, housing, breeding, reproduction of animals, which allow achieving the declared productivity of robots and their payback period. At the same time, robotic milking puts more demands on the cows themselves. For example, the robot does not work with cows with abnormal udders (teats close together, short or elongated, etc.) or animals that do not want to enter the milking stall. As a rule, culling of such animals is about 10-12%. In this case the above mentioned selection of milking herd gains special significance, because cows not only of the same breed, but also of the same type, close in their biological and technological indicators, belonging to several homogeneous families will be more preferable in their selection to milking stalls. It depends on how correctly the initial path for organizing a new economic approach will be determined, first of all, its other management both in terms of selection, in terms of reproduction, and in terms of working with the herd as a whole.
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Статья научная
It is proved that the content of mineral elements in standard mink organism can be detected by mineral composition of their hair covering. Considerable changes of mineral elements concentrations in mink hair covering are happening with age. This must be taken in account for forming balanced feed rations. To study mineral metabolism taking place in different postnatal ontogenesis phases in hair covering of standard minks, and also for unbiased assessment of the character of interconnection between the concentration of macro and microelement in hair covering, in blood with its concentration in feed rations biological absorption factor was calculated. The obtained results testify that mineral compositions of the rations applied in the farm and mineral compositions of hair covering of standard minks are interconnected and change seasonably and with aging. Thus, hair covering mineral composition, apparently, can be used as test for balanceness by mineral rations elements for every age of standard minks.
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Статья научная
Now an important point in economic life of the country is the accession to the World Trade Organization. This process promotes receipt of access to the new markets, attraction of foreign investments. Russia will be able to take high line items in the international community only in case of release of competitive products on the world scale which considerable share is the share of agricultural industry. Production in this industry is unstable and is accompanied by a large number of risks. Considerable influence on a continuity and quality of release of material benefits in agricultural industry renders rates of reproduction of fixed capital that in turn predetermines need of development of measures for increase of management efficiency by this process. In article the mechanism of actions aimed at providing with fixed capital, return increase from each ruble enclosed in its objects, reducing time of its turnover, and assuming availability of measures of organizational and economic impact is offered, the scheme of its gradual implementation is given in macro, meso and micro level of management.
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Статья научная
The basic purpose and the main task of the chosen accounting policies is to reflect activity of the credit organization in the most adequate way, to represent full, objective and reliable information about it. The solution of this task will allow the credit organization, on the basis of the received financial reports, to make right administrative decisions, to estimate a financial position objectively, to put before it the right priorities, allowing increasing efficiency of business. Besides, the credit organization with accurately thought over accounting policies can position itself on international, and in domestic market, as the organization of the international level with a potential of a sustainable development.
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Monitoring coastal dynamics using LANDSAT multi-temporal images
Статья научная
Coastal dynamic is one of the most urgent and complex problem in monitoring environmental resources. Traditional methods based on field surveys only solve the problem on a small scale. Some methods of determining coastal dynamic using band color composite have the advantage to perform. However, this technique also has the drawback that is time consuming and needs a lot of editing. In this article, we analyze an automated method of coastline change detection using LANDSAT multi-temporal images. The results which are obtained in this study can be used to create the coastal dynamic map.
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Статья научная
Selection of variety samples and sowing of winter wheat collection of funds N. I. Vavilov All-Union Research Institute of Plant Industry was conducted with the objectives of the definition: the productivity and quality of grain, phytosanitary characteristics (damage by pests (vectors), the prevalence of symptoms of viral, bacterial, fungal diseases), and promising accessions in the selection process. Identification of viruses, potentially affecting the wheat plants including be-longing to the genera Tritimovirus, Furovirus performed by visual agroecological monitoring and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of wheat plants with symptoms in the total RNA was isolated using the method described Rott and Jelkman (1990), which was used for RT-PCR as a template. Were selected for detection by using information on the field genebank primer coat proteins SBWMV, WSMV and synthesized by «Synthol» Moscow. As a result, a group of visually identified accessions with no signs of defeat viral diseases: Choc, Rafale (France); Leopold (Austria); Susquehanna, Norkan (USA), Cossack, Volga-Don (Volgograd); KNIISKH 756, Bystrica, villager, Krasnodar Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture 8 ( Krasnodar); Mironovskaya 34 Vasilina (Ukraine), Orenburg 14, Besouro 2 (Orenburg) Severodonskaya 14 (Rostov) and had a score of 0 on the proposed grade (tillering) - being the prime candidates for selection. In the steppe zone of the Southern Urals, the first time RT-PCR positive identification of pathogens - virus wheat streak mosaic (WSMV) and soil-wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV).
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Morphological and biochemical changes of blood, induced oxidative stress in cows with hoof diseases
Статья научная
Morphological and biochemical blood indices in high-yielding cows of Holstein breed with extremity diseases of various etiologies under oxidative stress in industrial dairy cattle management technology were analyzed in article. Over the last 30 years diseases of the distal part of cows’ extremities are the most important problem of livestock, because they cause significant economic damage to the farms at the expense of disposal of a large number of sick animals (50%), first of all, the most productive. Therefore, the dairy cattle management in industrial livestock management requires knowledge of the main causes that determine the hoof diseases, as well as early diagnosis for timely prevention of various hoof diseases. In practice, as a rule, the extremity diseases in the results of the combined effect of several factors are appeared. All these factors prove that metabolic disorders play an important role in pathogenesis hoof diseases of different etiology in cows. We believe that identification of pathogenic mechanisms at the level of metabolic processes for the development of methods for the prevention and correction of violations is perspective. Significant value can have profound biochemical studies for organization and conducting a comprehensive treatment, and it is necessary to detect preclinical disease development.
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New variety of strong winter wheat universal type odyssey
Статья научная
The paper presents the morphological and agronomic and biological characteristics and properties of the new varieties of winter wheat Odyssey. This is a sort of soft winter wheat universal type, which is intended for sowing best fertilizer nonfallow predecessors, intense and medium intense technologies of fallow and half fallow.
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Nonspecific immunocorrection of deeply pregnant sows
Статья научная
By research established that application of composition including the water-soluble sulphate salts gland, copper, cobalt and zinc, on a basis ASD-2 and succinic acid allows is expressed to enhance specific immune genesis.
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Статья научная
In order to point out differences in adaptive ability of the animals born in the conditions of subtropical climate and imported from the arias of moderate climate both kinds were simultaneously exposed to high ambient temperature and solar radiation. The analysis of materials of experiments on studying of influence of high temperature of the environment and solar radiation on the animals born in the conditions of subtropical climate and imported from the European part at young age, showed that they, is generally similar react to influence of extreme conditions of the environment. The carried-out researches showed that the smallest differences (generally on body temperature and frequency of respiration) were observed in the first year of adaptation of the delivered animals.
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