Статьи журнала - Вестник аграрной науки
Все статьи: 2167
Статья научная
Different species of stone fruit crops for normal growth and development require different environmental conditions. Deep and complete study of the abiotic factors influence allows operating their development changing and creating certain conditions. The lowered air humidity is one of the reasons of bad and unstable fructification of varieties and forms of cherry and plum. During flowering it leads to a stigma and anther drying up and as a result a fruit drop. Drought resistance and heat resistance research, gives the chance of the correct purpose of servicing and agrotechnology that increases productivity.
Бесплатно
Role of binary sowing crops with legumes for preserving and improving soil fertility
Статья научная
The article presents research results of the Agriculture Department of Voronezh State Agricultural University on cultivating legumes in binary crops with sunflower and winter wheat in conjunction with using green manure crops. The effect of the studied factors on fertility of black soil and crop yields is shown.
Бесплатно
SDS-ПААГ электрофорез запасных белков семян смородины чёрной
Статья научная
Методом SDS-ПААГ электрофореза водно-солевых вытяжек белкового экстракта изучен полиморфизм белков семян смородины чёрной. Установлено, что все исследованные сортообразцы характеризуются уникальным соотношением частот типов спектров зоны 2. Анализ частот встречаемости типов белкового спектра зоны 2 при помощи критерия χ2 показал наличие достоверных различий между всеми сортообразцами. SDS-ПААГ электрофорез белков семян может быть использован для генетической характеристики смородины чёрной.
Бесплатно
Sanitization of hatching eggs in the prevention of infectious diseases in poultry
Статья научная
The paper presents an analysis of detached ways of sanitation of the hatching eggs in the system of prevention of poultry infectious diseases. From our investigations the most effective ways of eggs disinfecting are found to be selodez and selodez in combination with UV-irradiation, and formaldehyde, which significantly reduces their contamination in 34,5 - 46,8 times and provides a full release of the shell contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms.
Бесплатно
Selection of the complex of microbiological tests for Bordetella bronchiseptica typing
Статья научная
The article gives the results of the study of phenotypic signs of Bordetella bronchiseptica: morphological, tinctorial, biochemical and cultural ones. The selection of a complex of unique biological properties of bordetella was performed for the bacteriological identification of the agent.
Бесплатно
Sire influence on reasons of daughter culling from the herd
Статья научная
The article presents the results of bull’s evaluation on susceptibility of cows to culling reasons, including udder, legs and internal organs diseases, surgical diseases, tuberculosis and etc. It has been found out that bulls are able to have a significant impact on the reasons for culling heifers from the herd. More than that, heifers are able to inherit through their fathers their maternal ancestors’ resistance to gynecological diseases. The majority of sires (Buyan 114, Rom 1675, Dobryak 1745 and Dar 2383) has 20,6-27,6 % of culled heifers with gynecological diseases in the livestock structure, although gillyf-lower sires have only 8.3% of heifers 1206 culled for the same reason. Buyan bulls have ap-proximately 7,5% of heifers culled for old age, sire Dar 2383 have 3,7 and 4,9% of heifers accordingly culled for leucosis and tuberculosis. The above mentioned bulls have 2,4-3,7% of heifers with internal organs diseases.
Бесплатно
Small business development as a factor of higher competitiveness of agricultural production
Статья научная
Nowadays, small business plays an important role in assessing the gross domestic product of the agricultural industry. This is possible thanks to the active state support, which is aimed at developing small and medium business. However, its further development is impossible without creating conditions and mechanisms which contribute to the better interaction between small farms and other subjects of the economic relations. The purpose of this study is to spot the factors and priorities for the state agrarian policy that enhance the competitiveness of farms in the agricultural sector. The authors reviewed the results of the farms’ economic activity. The main information source is the Federal State Statistics Service (Russat). To investigate the causes and factors determining the efficiency of their economic activities, the authors interviewed some farm directors of the different administrative districts of the Orel region in the period from 2012 to 2014. The authors determined the role and economic significance of the further development of the small farms in ensuring the competitiveness of the agriculture sector. The detailed analysis of the conditions of their economic activity in the municipal districts of the Orel region revealed the key deterrents: the underdeveloped farming material and technical base, lack of financial resources and unavailability of long-term credits, low-skilled managers, lack of the agricultural service, difficulties of product sales and high risks in the production. It is necessary to develop the organizational and economic mechanism of the state regulation for achieving financial stability and higher competitiveness of small farms in the agricultural sector.
Бесплатно
Some actual tasks of ecological physiology of plants
Статья научная
Even prior to the development of agriculture, people paid attention to the influence of climate on the growth characteristics of plants. Development of agriculture and, in particular, the great geographical discoveries accelerated studying of the botanical characteristics of plants. This work gives a brief review of the history of development of eco-physiological trend in physiology and ecology of plants. Possibilities of the use of the planned multiple-factor experiment in adjustable environmental conditions with the regression analysis of the obtained results for the definition of the ecological characteristic of ecotype on the set phase of its development are considered.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article considers the results of field and vegetational experiments according to which biosynthetic potential of buckwheat productional process is rather high but its adaptive abilities are developed weakly to provide stable productivity in extreme weather conditions. As a result of selection the crop ability to organic substance biosynthesis is increasing significantly in favorable weather conditions. In extreme weather conditions that ability, on the contrary, is falling quickly. Sharp falls of efficiency of assimilate use when forming generative parts and its reaching the ancestral form level should be stressed. To solve the problem we are to improve activity and adaptivity of photosynthesis which provides more than 95% dry substance of plants.
Бесплатно
Species diversity of a sort Rubus L. and its utilization in raspberry selection
Статья научная
The article presents review information about species variety of rubus. l., morphological and biological peculiarities of raspberry wild species have been presented; their indication and properties which are worth selecting.
Бесплатно
Species diversity of insects-pollinators on crops of white mustard
Статья научная
The paper presents the results of years of research on the insect fauna on crops of white mustard ( Sinapis alba L.). The species composition of insect pollinators, their numerical ratio and the daily dynamics of summer were investigated. Distribution of insect pollinators on different varieties of white mustard was established. It is shown that in the Orel region in the years of research 83 species of insect pollinators were registered on crops. They represent 10 different taxonomic groups. 57% of the total number of collected insects are hymenoptera. Taxonomic groups of insects in plant stand of mustard differ in species composition and number. Insects of different groups throughout the day are distributed extremely uneven. This regularity in the temporal distribution of various groups of insects apparently takes place due to their avoidance of competitive relations in the flowers of white mustard. Varieties that have the greatest appeal to honey bees were marked.
Бесплатно
Specific paraimmunization of pigs at salmonellosis
Статья научная
The problem postvaccinal complications was and remains an important problem of a veterinary science. Not an exception is salmonellosis vaccinal prevention. Application of formol-amber biostimulant at bacterination of pigs by an alive vaccine to enhance specific immunegenesis and to exclude postvaccinal complications.
Бесплатно
State support for environmental development in the agricultural sector of the economy
Статья научная
The environmentally-oriented development can essentially change the economic situation in the country. The purpose of this study is to develop a system of directions and measures of the state support for the environmental development in the agricultural sector of the economy. The object of this research is the economic processes and phenomena that determine the state support for the environmental development in the agricultural sector of the economy. The methodological basis of this research is based on the synthesis of various approaches in the framework of implementation of the state support for environmental development in the agricultural sector of the economy. In research are used the following methods: analysis, synthesis, deduction, and analogy. The scientific novelty consists in the author's description of the features of modern environmentally oriented development, as well as the proposed directions and measures of the state support in the agricultural sector of the economy. In recent years, the generation of waste products in agriculture has been consistently maintained at a high level. This indicates the lack of a systematic approach to this problem, including on the part of the authorities. The state, as a form of organization of society, ensures the interests of people in all spheres, including a guarantee that the state support for environmental development in the agricultural sector of the economy takes place. In this regard, achieving the goals of environmental development in the agricultural sector of the economy is possible only by purposefully modernizing the directions and measures of state support in this area. It is proposed to focus on six areas that provide coverage of industrial, social and innovative environmental-oriented needs of society. The practical significance of research lies in the possibility of applying the results by the authorities of rural sector of the economy to the development of adequate state environmentally oriented policies that the sustainable development of the rural areas ensures.
Бесплатно
Structural changes in livestock production: case study region Polimlje-Ibar
Статья научная
The production structure of agriculture in region Polimlje-Ibar, livestock production has a very important role, because without a stable and developed livestock production has not developed agriculture. Therefore, in this paper, shows structural changes in livestock production. In fact, in the period 1960-2010, the total number of agricultural farms that raise cattle has been reduced from 18,070 to 12,263 agricultural farms or 32.1%. Which is after all result of social and economic factors, such as: processes of industrialization and urbanization, depopulation of rural areas, reduced local and regional market, the low purchasing power of the population, transition, privatization, the lack of long-term development strategy for livestock, technological and technical unwillingness processing capacity, lack of organization of primary production, weak linkage of farmers and processors, insufficient and slow recovery cattle breeds. Judging by the number of agricultural farms that raise cattle, production volume, and towards other indicators, livestock production in region Polimlje-Ibar mainly used to meet the needs of households. Smaller part of are intended market. To meet these problems were resolved in an adequate way, it is necessary to bring appropriate strategy in livestock analyzed region with the proposed development measures which must be long term. Agriculture Development Strategy should clearly define macro-zones on which to foster specific livestock species, and based on that subsidizes and assists farmers and households, because only in this way can stop the decline throat livestock, to ensure the increase of livestock production and improve the quality of livestock products.
Бесплатно
Study of phytotoxicity decrease techniques of lead and cadmium compounds
Статья научная
The biological activity of anthropogenic polluted soil, phytotoxicity of ions of lead and cadmium on model systems is studied. The contents of heavy metals (HM) in soil, land and rooted biomass are specified. The results of research show, that biological activity of soil is formed low as lands are disturbed anthropogenically: very low - two-rowed barley, soft wheat, common barley, oat, lupine, oil radish; low - durum wheat, millet, buckwheat; high - buckwheat and millet. The research of soil pollution by salts of heavy metals was spent on model systems in the conditions of a sheltered ground, test crop - cultivated oat (variety «Fighter»). Liming reduced contents of mobile form of HMs in soil, contributed in their detoxication. Sodium acetate utilization resulted in the rise of рН medium and in the conditions of alkalizing the ions of metals became very mobile, the humus total thus decreased. High density of heavy metals in system «soil - heavy metals - acetate» undertakes sharp depressing of evolution of plants that has led to making up of the lowest productivity of commodity or of the total loss of plants. The most oppressed are oats plants on soil with contents of ions Pb2 +. The bioindication method has allowed estimate the efficiency of various methods of decrease of phytotoxicity of HM ions in system «soil - a plant». The biohumus sharply reduces quantity of mobile forms of Cd (II), Pb (II) and their phytotoxicity. Lime at depositing in soil to a lesser degree, than biohumus, links HM ions and slightly reduces their phytotoxicity.
Бесплатно
Studying of a nitrogen-fixing and productional ability of different varieties of soya bean
Статья научная
The research results on studying of an influence of an inoculation and mineral nitrogen application for symbiotic activity and seed production of different varieties of soya bean are presented in this article. All these researches were conducted in the All-Russia Scientific Research Institute of grain legumes and cereal crops in 2011- 2013. Symbiotic and productive ability of new soya varieties Zusha and Mezenka in comparison with the standard Lantsetnaya variety is studied. It is established that formation of the symbiotic device and its activity depended on a preseeding inoculation of seeds bacterial fertilizer (nitragin) and also on presence of spontaneous populations of rhizobium in the soil. The period duration of a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing depended on varietal features and was longer at Zusha and Mezenka's more late-season varieties. Seeds inoculation by nitragin was surpassed in efficiency of mineral nitrogen application in a dose of 60 kg per hectare. An addition yield reached 2,6 c/hectare. Different reactions of varieties when forming a crop on distribution of rainfall during the growth season was noted. Having prevalence of rainfall in the first half of summer on formation of a crop early ripening varieties which used spring soil deposits of moisture and rainfall of May-June more rationally had advantage, less suffering from a July-August drought and a heat. More late-ripening varieties had advantage in case of better providing with rains if the second half of summer. The heavy yield - 30,7 c/hectare (on average for 3 years) created Mezenka variety.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
In the article, the position of the regulation of socio-labor relations, shows actual expediency of formation in the modern conditions of economic system of skilled labor. This need is equally a need for a greater part of the world community countries, including Russia. Natural for the labour market has also become migration in Russia, mainly in CIS countries. The national labour market is also not resolved migration processes and contradictory tendencies at the manifestations of socio-labor relations.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The research was conducted in the period from 5 to 12 September 2011 at the territory of the Chelyabinsk region in three areas: the first is the Iskra settlement, the second is in the Gagarin Park in the North-West district of Chelyabinsk city and the third is the Lineynaya Street of the Traktorozavodskoy district. The object of the study is species of woody plants of the Chelyabinsk region: white willow (Salix Alba L.), black poplar (Populus nigra L.). The aim of the work was the establishment of regularities of the change of wood plant lamina characteristics in different ecological zones of the Chelyabinsk region. The obtained results were subjected to special processing using the developed algorithm, containing more than 20 statistical methods, including multi-dimensional method, using a package of programs Statistica, SPSS and Olympus - expert. The analysis of differences between woody plants showed that there is common regularity of intraspecific and interspecific differences. That is, at increasing the degree of anthropogenic load decreasing of the diversity of responses and specialization of the existing ones takes place. At further deterioration of the ecological condition the reaction of trees remains unchanged. In the case of worsening growing conditions of the reaction of woody plants is a reduction in the diversity of responses in the direction of increasing specialization of the existing ones. The result of the analysis of the contribution of the leading factors to the variability of the lamina showed that the maximum influence is produced by combined activity of the environment state and wood plant species specificity.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
Comparative studying of features of feed consumption, processes of digestion, metabolism and growth intensity at pigs after weaning was carried out at traditional feeding (1 group) and at feeding by wastes of dairy industry, by food wastes and wastes of starched production in their various combination (2 and 3 groups). Methods of preparation of dairy industry wastes and food wastes for young pigs feeding and optimum ratios of these fodder and norm of their feeding were determined in the course of researches.The high efficiency of such feed being used for growing pig-wieners in comparison with indicators of their growing on special feeds was established. Economic effect of raising of one head of young pigson feed and dairy wastes to 4 - month age constitutes 66,5 rubles.
Бесплатно
