Статьи журнала - Вестник аграрной науки
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On the issue of a role of ecological management in ensuring food security of the state
Статья научная
The relevance of the research is based on the current state of ecological management in the agricultural sector of economy and also by the problems of ensuring food security. Issues of a role of ecological management in ensuring food security of the Russian Federation are discussed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state and identify key problems of overcoming negative factors in achievement the main goal of the agrarian sector of economy, i.e. ensuring food security of the country. The methodology of the research is systematization of the role of ecological management, both in development of modern society and in the agricultural sector of economy. The leading approach in the research is system analysis, in the process of which there is a scrutiny of ecological management as an open system of the interconnected elements that provide an acceptable load level on environmental in the production of the required amount of food. The concept of latency of ecological management in the agrarian sector of economy is introduced. The conceptual system of development of ecological management is introduced, which provides the establishment of the uncontrollable and hidden processes and ensuring new quality of food security of the state. Formation of factors the states defining the hidden principles of ecological management when ensuring food security is graphically presented. The prevalence of economic dominants over ecological ones in modern society is the main deterrent of stimulation of environmental protection activity. The materials of the article are of practical value for the formation of an adequate state environmental policy that provides a stable trend of food security of the Russian Federation and as well as for forecasting and planning the development of the agricultural sector of the national economy.
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Статья научная
The article suggests the model of financing of energy saving measures with usage of the regional energy servicing company in the structure of general management system of the regional heat supply. The existing structures of the financing resources are considered and the analysis of models of energy service mechanisms application is carried out.
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Parameters of apple tree variety resistant to winter unfavorable conditions
Статья научная
Uncontrolled factors of the environment significantly reduce apple yielding power. Tree winter resistance is considered to be one of the basic indexes of adaptation. Certain resistant apple varieties have been revealed. The problem of manifestation of the mechanism of the resistance to winter unfavorable conditions is considered in this paper. A positive tendency has been revealed at the relationship between the contents of saccharose, proline, anthocyans, cyanidines and proteins in one-year shoots and winter resistance of apple varieties. A pattern of the apple variety resistant to winter unfavorable conditions is suggested.
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Particulaties of calve's mineral nutrion in association with age and conditions of nutrition
Статья научная
Studying was carried of features of mineral's nutrition on calves Black Pied cattle from birth to 6 month of age in association with age and nutrition's conditions. The digestion's processes, processes of metabolism and intensity of growth were studied at various levels of the mineral nutrition. On the basis of pilot studies are established macro - and the micronutrients, the content of which in usual feeds of diets of calves is not enough for animals. Supplement of deficiency macro - and micronutrients in diets of calves allows to increase the degree of use of nutrient and bioactive substances and to increase intensity of growth of animals to planned index of growth.
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Статья научная
Achievement of national food security in the Russian Federation for key food products is largely due to the targeted and systematic state support of agriculture. However, state support not always provides sufficient and balanced needs of certain categories of agricultural producers in the financial resources. The purpose of the work was to study the processes in the agrarian sector of the economy that provide state support for business entities and develop proposals for adjustment and neutralizing excessive differentiation in terms of its level. The object of the research is state support as an objective necessity for business entities in the agrarian sector of the economy. The methodological basis of the study is based on the synthesis of various approaches within the framework of the implementation of the state support for environmental development in the agrarian sector of the economy. The study used systems analysis method, deduction and analog approach. The scientific novelty is determining identified problem of equal access of the business entities to state support in the agrarian sector of the economy, as well as formed proposals for strengthening food security and sustainable development of rural areas. Nowadays, large agrarian formations in obtaining state financial resources prevail. The state agrarian policy should be based on ensuring the right of all producers to fair access to the means of production and resources, which will contribute to the intensification of entrepreneurial activity, the creation of favorable conditions for the functioning and civilized inter-farm relations, as well as the normalization of the social sphere in the countryside. The practical significance of the study is proved by the need to improve the state agrarian policy aimed at eliminating contradictions in economy and in society, i.e. formation of equality of opportunities for business entities.
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Plants extracts - on the service of production eco-friendly poultry products
Статья научная
Plants extracts contain many biologically active compounds, mainly polyphenolics, which possess antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antiprotozoal, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties. Currently, they are relevant in nutrition for poultry because they are natural, eco-friendly and generally recognized as safe products. Therefore, aromatic plants and their extracts have the potential to become new generation substances for animal nutrition and health. The purpose of this review is to prove that plants extracts are on the service of production eco-friendly poultry products.
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Polymorphism of pea storage protein convicilin
Статья научная
Pea convicilin could hinder physico-chemical properties of protein isolates. Pea accessions without convicilin or with its unusual isoforms could be used in pea breeding on high quality of storage proteins. Polymorphism of convicilin was studied with use of 60 accessions of genus Pisum L. Standard SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was used for separation of storage proteins. In total, four isoforms of convicilin were revealed. They were located on positions 14, 15, 16 and 17 of electrophoretic spectra. Isoform 15 was found with high frequency (0.35). The frequency of isoform 17 was equal to 0.32. Differences between cultivated and wild pea accessions on frequency of convicilin isoforms were determined. Among 6 breeding lines and varieties of Р. sativum only two (14 and 17) isoforms were revealed. Isoform 17 was represented with the highest frequency (0.83). In wild subspecies of Р. sativum (24 accessions) only three (15, 16, 17) isoforms were found. Isoform 15 had the highest frequency (0.6). In accessions of wild species Р. fulvum all four revealed isoforms of convicilin were represented. Isoform 15 was found preferably (0.59). In variety Aest electrophoretic analysis revealed one seed which did not contained convicilin. This seed was characterized by distinguished from other seeds spectrum.
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Potential of cooperation of small-scale business patterns in rural area of the Orel region
Статья научная
The article analyzes the cooperation potential of small-scale business patterns in rural area of the Orel region and justifies the priorities of its territorial development. The main directions, the organizational model and the target codes of perspective development of cooperation of small-scale business patterns in the region are worked out.
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Practical application of unmanned aerial vehicles for monitoring and inventory of agricultural lands
Статья научная
The article under review considers the experience of practical application of methods of small aviation for the solution of local problems in agriculture, particularly, monitoring and inventory of lands. The basic idea is to create cartographic materials on the base of orthophotomaps in scale 1:5000, made with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Special attention is paid to the evaluation of accuracy of the phototrigonometrical network construction, the digital relief models construction, and as a result to the evaluation of the accuracy of the orthophotomap construction. The examples of the applied purpose of the orthophotomaps created are given.
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Статья научная
New varieties of red clover should possess not only excellent fodder qualities, but also high yielding seeds. In the breeding work with this culture, starting material with the presence of traits that are positively correlated with increased seed productivity must be used. It was established that, under the conditions of the northern part of the Central Black Earth region of Russia, the seed productivity of red clover has a high conjugation with the weight of the dry mass, number of stems, inflorescences, seeds in heads, seeds formation, the number of seeds in inflorescence of plants (r = 0.55-0.89). The average correlation coefficient between seed yields and the length of the stem, the full expression of the pattern of leaves, weight of 1000 seeds was found (r = 0.30-0.45). Low positive correlation between seed productivity and the number of beans in the head, dispermous bean, number of internodes, the period from the beginning of spring growth before flowering, was determined (r = 0.09-0.24). Studies have shown that seed productivity of tetraploids to a greater extent than diploids determined by the number of productive heads on plant (r = 0,76-0,89), amount of formed seeds in the head (r = 0.84-0.89), mass of 1000 seeds (r = 0.39-0.45). Due to the positive conjugation of red clover's seed productivity with the duration of the period from the beginning of spring growth before flowering, under conditions of Orel region, in contrast to the less favorable regions of the country, the cultivation of early maturing, mid maturing and late maturing varieties of culture for seed purposes is possible. Identified correlations can be used in breeding of red clover both for the selection of the starting material and during the breeding rejections. This will reduce the time of the creation of new varieties with the presence of the trait of increased seed productivity.
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Problems and prospects of rural development in the economy of Russia and foreign countries
Статья научная
The experience of many economically developed countries shows that the modern development of rural areas is based on the modern application of scientific and technological progress in the organizational and economic activities of agricultural producers. A significant number of problems is solved by creating comfortable living and working conditions for all sections of the population in rural areas, including businessmen who are not engaged in the production of agricultural products, but who live in the given territory. For example, in the UK economy, agricultural production is less than 2% of GDP and unemployment is 2% of the workforce. In Russia, the main emphasis is made on two important parts of food production: plant growing and livestock. Herewith their share in the turnover of finance is almost equal: livestock production is 49% and crop production is about 51%. A promising course for the development of rural areas is the revision of the entire funding system to ensure the same living conditions of the population in the city and in the rural areas, reducing the dependence of remote regions from the center and creating the necessary conditions for rural entrepreneurs. The principal point is the creation of comfortable conditions for the implementation of business projects at the level of territorial entities. So, in our opinion, it is possible to create wholesale distribution centers on the technological chain "field-counter" in rural areas: purchase of products from agrarians, its transportation, storage and sale. When determining the location of the centers, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the availability of a sufficient raw material base, as well as a developed engineering and transport infrastructure. The main goal of this project is to provide the population with high-quality local production and establish fair market prices for agricultural products in the region, which will be attractive both for producers and consumers. Vegetables will be processed, prepacked and then sent by the most convenient route to consumers.
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Problems and prospects of the agricultural co-operation development
Статья научная
The article under review deals with the importance of cooperation in rural areas in the conditions of economic globalization. It emphasizes the necessity of the co-operative system development to improve the competitiveness of agricultural producers. The author presents the main directions of the Concept of co-operation development in rural areas, analyzes the work of the All-Russian Congress of rural co-operatives. The final part of this work presents problems, opportunities and prospects for the agricultural co-operation development.
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Productive qualities of broilers at different management systems and amount of floor space per bird
Статья научная
To define rational amount of floor space per bird and study productive qualities of broilers of cross «Ross-308» depending on the rate of floor space per bird at growing, in cage batteries and on litter the investigations at broilers enterprises of the Orel region were carried out. Broilers were grown in cages KP-8L from the day age and to slaughter (tests 1 and 2) and on litter using floor equipment set of firm «Big Dutchman» (Germany). The number of chickens in the test groups was 90-108 heads. The basic technological parameters of chicken keeping (lighting program, microclimate, feeding program, and mixed feed nutrition) were the same for all groups and corresponded to «Maintenance of «Ross» broilers growing (2009)». At doing research and economic tests the zootechnic factors of broilers growing according to common methods were defined. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done using personal computer with «Microsoft Excel» (2003) and «Statistica» software. It was proved that according to productive and zootechnic factors complex that rational amount of floor space per bird for broilers of cross «Ross-308» at duration of 38 days fattening to obtain 2,2 - 2,3 kg live weight is 25 birds/m 2 at growing chickens in cages, or 394,0 sm 2/bird; 20 birds/m 2 at growing chickens on litter. Due to chicken intensive growing in the best test groups feed conversion (1,69-1,75 kg) and European Productivity Index (EPI) (335,73-346,65 units) have improved. Poultry population safety in the groups with optimal amount of floor space per bird was 98,0 - 98,1%. At selection of amount of floor space per bird of broilers first of all is necessary to consider the implied final poultry weight.
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Статья научная
Management of social and economic development of regional complexes must take account of economic and innovative potential of the region. We used a technique based on the calculation system of interrelated indicators to the potential subjects' assessment of the Central Federal District. In terms of overcoming the crisis, the technological potential of the regional complex will depend on the degree of implementation of the advantages in regions. Effective implementation of the technological capabilities will allow less painful exit from the crisis for those regions which were able to take advantage of economic and innovative potential.
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Статья научная
On the example of the American mink shown differential effects of mutations affecting the coat color on the administration per os integrated veterinary drug «Biostil». Mutations, which influence on the coat color of fur animals, having pleiotropic effects, have an impact on many vital processes, including reproductive function, leading to a later ovulation and egg implantation embryos and also increasing embryonic mortality. Revealed, that the same dose of «Biostil» provided with the differential impact on minks of different genotypes. In the control groups of minks both Standard (+/+ +/+) and double recessive Sapphire (a/a p/p), Lavender (a/a m/m) obtained by the same rate in the pups output per a female: 4,4±0,4; 4,4±0.5; 4,3±0,5, respectively. In the experimental groups, if stimulation of reproductive function among mink Standard was achieved: 5,2±0.3, then among the mutant Sapphire and Lavender, on the contrary, was inhibition: 3,8±0,6; 2,3±0,5, respectively. In the experimental groups of mutant mink recorded decline in viability and developmental rate of kits: decrease safety in the first 10 days after birth and later periods of eye opening compared with kits coloring Standard (+/+ +/+).
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Статья научная
Interpolation method has been used effectively in the determination of the direction of flow and the concentration of water. The direction of the flow surface is one of the most important factors in the study of concentration of water. Waters concentrated is cumulative line area terrain understand if the rivers and streams of water supply network focused on it. The determination of the concentration of water directly affects research results in study of floods, landslides, erosion and indirectly affects to the construction of hydroelectric dam reservoirs, canals. Choosing an interpolation methods accurate flow is very important. So, in this article, the author focuses on the advantages of interpolation methods D∞ flow and its effects to the establishment of centralized water than other methods.
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Статья научная
The problem of widely spread different stress types requires active search for solutions on preventive measures of negative effects of general adaptation syndrome. The application of pharmacological agents allowing limiting redundant stress-reaction is perspective. It is established that the application of antioxidant drugs and medications of natural origin has positive effect on intensity of growth and fattening qualities and safety of pigs.
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Статья научная
An animal body and seed plants have a complex of proteolytic ferments which react in reserve protein breakdown to amino acids in food digestion and seed sprouting. At present a few hundreds of peptidohydrolases of different origin have been described. In regulation of proteolysis inhibitors of proteolytic ferments react. In a living organism they are presented by means of specific protein. Inhibitors have an ability to slow down or stop fermentation. They react in immunity apoptosis, protect plants from parasites protease, regulate ferment strength when sprouting.
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Researches prove: Scarlet, Benefis and Polaris are irreplaceable
Статья научная
In the article diagnostics of harmful organisms by means of polymeraze chain reaction (PCR) is considered. The comparative assessment of herbicides Scarlet, Benefis and Polaris is given. It is shown how pathogens behave after interaction with the herbicides. The system effect of preparations application is proved.
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