Статьи журнала - Вестник аграрной науки
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Статья научная
Effects of experimental researches of an increase yield, quality and economic indicators are presented at cultivation of brewing barley with application of biological preparations against antifungals in the conditions of Joint-Stock Company «Orel Nobel-Agro» of Kolpnjansky region of the Oryol region.
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The influence of the waste water sediments on soils' agrochemical indicators
Статья научная
The chemical composition of waste water sediments depending on arriving on treatment facilities industrial and municipal drains, and also definition methods varies rather widely. Waste water sediments are characterized by a wide set of macro - and microelements, including heavy metals. Waste water sediments contain 1,0-1,34% of the general nitrogen, 0,21-0,23% of the general phosphorus, 0,32-0,36% of the general potassium at рН - 4,8-5,0. The purpose of work was to establish influence of shorts production in the form of waste water sediments on environment and agro ecological indicators of the soil. The stocks of nutrients in the soil, their distribution on a profile, spatiotemporal variation in the soil and availability to plants were considered in the course of undertaken studies. Indicators: soil acidity, the adopted forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, microelements, environment reaction, the maintenance of the absorbed bases and humus. Thus, in the conditions of studied object the overlapping of fertile layer of waste water sediments leads to accumulation of nitrates in the top soil and, finally, in crop production. The decrease in the maintenance of a humus for 31,1%, mobile forms of phosphorus for 14,3% potassium for 26,1% is revealed and soil acidity increases by 2,9% in comparison with control in the area of overlapping of a fertile layer of the waste waters sediments. The waste waters sediments storage on a studied area led to sharp accumulation in the soil of nitrates, with maximum concentration limit excess to 218,0%, at an average value for 244,5%.
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The influences of certain factors of organic milk production on cow productivity
Статья научная
The use of animal breeds adapted to local conditions is one of the mandatory factors for the production of organic milk. Considering the mass crossing with Holstein breed carried out in recent decades, this condition should ensure the breed biodiversity and, as a result, contribute to the restoration and strengthening of the ecological balance. The potential of organic dairy farming in the Oryol region is represented by an array of black-and-white/Simmental cattle of local selection. Imported Holsteins and their mixtures are also widespread in the region. The prospect of transition of some dairy farms of the Oryol region to organic technology requires complex studies to determine the optimal dairy cattle genotypes from a zootechnical and environmental point of view. Another important aspect of the transition to the production of organic milk is the use of a certain type of feed that requires exclusion of inorganic fertilizers, plant protection products, etc., when growing them. Due to the research, we found that in a milk-producing farm that does not use chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals in feed cultivation, an increase in pedigree in Holstein breed does not lead to an increase in milk yields and milk fat for 305 days of lactation. On the other hand, in a farm that uses chemical fertilizers and plant protection products for growing fodder, an increase in the pedigree percentage of the Holstein breed leads to a significant increase in milk yields for 305 days of lactation, while no differences in milk fat were detected. In experimental farms, crossing with Holstein breed does not lead to a change in the bio-chemical composition of milk. Therefore, the differences between the control and experimental groups on the content of dry matter, protein and sugar in milk, as well as on the SOMO indicator, both under conditions of organic feed production and intensive animal husbandry, have not been established. In addition, Holstein milk of cows with pedigree of 50, 75 and 87.5% is characterized by a significantly lower content of casein protein in milk than analogs of the black and white breed.
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The new variety of pea alliance
Статья научная
Results of selective work concerning the development of the new grain pea variety Alliance are presented. Information about its main morphological, biological and managemental peculiarities is given.
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Статья научная
The main macroeconomic indicators which make actual the necessity of the emergency modernization of mechanisms of the state backing of agrarian commodity producers are allocated in this article, as well the potential financial opportunities of the Russian Federation in financing of the State program of development of national agro-industrial complex in the conditions of the World Trade Organization, the anti-Russian sanctions and the Russian food embargo are proved there. The clustering of the Russian Federation regions on indicators of the fiscal capacity and a role of agrarian sector in formation of a gross regional product is carried out and it is shown that there is a negative connection of average force between these indicators. The influence of the fiscal capacity and percentage of agriculture in a gross regional product on change of production of agro food products in general and in a section of its separate types is defined. Insufficient level of efficiency of subsidizing of rate per cent and grace leasing deliveries of equipment in support of agrarian commodity producers is reasonable, and it is shown that domination of growth ratio of the size of authorized capital over owned capital in JSC «Rosselkhozbank» and JSC «Rosagroleasing», led to the irrational structure of their liabilities which is expressed in insufficiency of other components of owned capital - extra profit, reserved and accumulated surplus. The possibility of requirements reorientation for direct support of agrarian producers from a «yellow» basket of the WTO in «blue» is shown, connected payments to the «historical» areas and a livestock. On the basis of approbation of an author's technique it is proved that direct, untied measures of support can be effectively used in the conditions of limited state financed opportunities. It is defined that the offered technique can be used for increase of a role of regional authorities in improvement of structure and increase of efficiency functioning of regional agro-industrial complex. It is proved that only in 2009 the amount of actually provided state backing to agriculture of the Orel region was 25,73% lower than the level of necessary financial aid. Thus the main part of the subsidies allocated to the farm business in 2007 - 2013 goes for payment of percent on the current and investment loan.
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The review of existing technologies of creation ortophotoplans on linear objects
Статья научная
The review of existing methods and technologies of creation of orthophotomaps on linear objects taking into account use of classical as well as modern technologies of shooting and data processing is provided in this work. The technology of creation of orthophotomaps consists of the following stages: creation of the project and input of basic data; realization of internal orientation of pictures; measurements of coordinates of binding points; measurements of coordinates of points of planned and high-rise preparation; calculation and creation of photogrammetric model; creation or qualifier import; drawing areas on pictures in which the orthophototransformation; creation of Digital Elevation Model; creation of orthophotomaps.
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The selection of a swab samples from the surface of the livestock buildings
Статья научная
The article presents the results of the use of the developed plate-template for the selection of samples from the surface of cattle-breeding premises with the purpose of definition of bacterial infestation. Use of the proposed plate - template for the selection of samples - samples from the surface allows to exclude unintentional offset plates - template on the chosen site, the deletion of non-productive costs of working time, save material for the manufacture of plate pattern provide comfort at work and reduce tensions regime of the researcher's work, reduce the time spent on the selection of samples, expand the possibility of applying the template to different surfaces, eliminating the need for repeated research, enhance the accuracy of the results of the study.
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Статья научная
The import substitution problem in the market of the equipment for agrochemical works is considered in the article. The data concerning the main types of agricultural machinery for crop tending and plant protection, a ratio of a number of domestic and foreign machinery in the Russian market of the equipment for agrochemical works and the main producers of sprayers and spreaders of mineral fertilizers and also volumes of their realization within the measures of the State program of the development of agriculture and regulation of the markets of agricultural production, raw materials and food for 2013-2020 are given in it. The research was carried out in the context of combined researches and scientists’ coordination from the Federal State Funded Research Institution of the Federal Research Center of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Economics and the thematic plan of the Russian Federation 0569-2015-0013 "Improving the organizational and economic mechanism of equipment and material maintenance of livestock branches under the conditions of import substitution in the resource markets". The export potential of agricultural engineering industry in the Russian Federation was the object of the research. The sources of the empirical information were the data of the official statistics and data of the All-Russian agricultural census of 2016 and data of the Ministry of Agriculture. Currently, the problem of import substitution is very relevant, including the full provision of the country with domestic agricultural production and its food independence from imports, as well as import substitution in the Russian agricultural machinery market due to economic sanctions imposed by Western governments. A further increase in the volume of crop production is possible only because of modern agricultural technologies and modern equipment for agrochemical works. Therefore, import substitution in the market of equipment for agrochemical works is of great importance for ensuring food independence of Russia. Taking into account the above information, we conducted a study aimed at justifying the export orientation of agricultural engineering. The questions of the state support for the development, creation, testing and introduction of new equipment and also the state support for the stimulation of technical and technological modernization of the agriculture are considered in the article as well.
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The study of pea varieties of different maturity groups in the Belgorod area
Статья научная
The results of the study of eight varieties of peas and two vegetable planting dates to create a pipeline in the production of green peas in the Belgorod region. Found that with a decrease in late sowing of all indicators in pea vegetable. High yield of pea's vegetable in the Belgorod region can be obtained when sown in early regardless of precocity. The best results were obtained on the sort of Golden Eagle, which, when sown in early life shaped yield 5.4 t / ha, whereas at later planting dates, he gave no higher yield 4.7 tons / ha.
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The study of phytotoxicity of cadmium ions on the model systems
Статья научная
The biological activity of technogenically polluted soil and phytotoxicity of cadmium ions have been studied on the model systems. The content of heavy metals in the soil, in the aerial and root phytomass has been determined.
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Статья научная
To realize the competitive advantages of the Orel region in milk production, it is important in short terms to develop and offer a scientifically-based program for the technological improvement of the production and processing of agricultural products, which will allow the region to take a worthy place in the food market. In relation to the dairy subcomplex, the solution of the problem lies in realizing the existing potential for productivity and enhancing the reproductive qualities by improving animal feeding. It is well-known that the transitional period is essential not only for the successful start of lactation, but also for the preservation of the normal physiological state of a cow. In this regard, it is relevant to develop feeding methods of the transitional period that increase milk production and improve reproductive qualities. According to the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of milk, cows of the first group (in their balanced ration the transitional period was introduced with the use of hydrolysis yeast as an additive), demonstrated significant superiority over the control group of the cows, in whose diet the transitional period was absent. In terms of dry basis, as well as nonfat milk solids, the cows of the experimental group exceeded the cows of the control group by 3.0 and 4.8%. For the rest of the indicators between the experimental and control cows, no significant differences were observed. The introduction of the transitional period with the inclusion of fodder yeast (1 kg per head per day) in the diet does not affect the physiological state of the animals. The dependence of the reproductive qualities of dairy cattle on the use of fodder yeast during the transitional period has been established. Thus, the service - period in the experimental group decreased by 15%, and the insemination index increased by 16.6%.
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The use of ultrasonic methods for viscosity control of solutions in the pectin production
Статья научная
The construction of the ultrasonic viscometer for the viscosity continuous control of a liquid in a stream is developed. Perspective of the application of ul'traacoustics methods of control of the viscosity in the production of pectin substances from plant raw materials is showed.
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Статья научная
The important condition for increasing production of livestock products is providing dairy farms and specialized complexes with highly productive animals. The successful solution of this task requires the development and application in practice of the most rational, science-based systems of breeding farm animals taking into account specialization of livestock.
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Статья научная
The work is devoted to the study of the possibility of promising vegetable crop Stachys sieboldii Mig use when creating functional foods for people with impaired carbohydrate metabolism.
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To the problem of biofortification and diversification of lentil crop
Статья научная
In the review the lentil role as the most valuable pulse crop for consumers is shown. It is noticed that biochemical structure of lentil grain leads it to the class of irreplaceable dietary products used both in daily ration, and in medical, children's and vegetarian food. Directions of biofortification and consumer diversification of crop are specified.
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Статья научная
The relevance and perspective of the research is caused by the formation of a complete strategy for the use and widespread dissemination of digital ecosystems in the agro-industrial complex. The article considered the difficulties and perspectives of digital ecosystems in the agricultural production. Particular attention is paid to the essence and opportunities for manufacturers in the digital ecosystem in the value chain. In agriculture there is a demand for end-to-end solutions that have specific advantages in the automated solutions for digital platforms. For example, a decrease in the resource costs, a decrease in the cost of final products, the possibility of reducing the problem of bureaucratization in obtaining state support and tax benefits, reduction of time costs when making decisions in managing an agricultural organization and agricultural production, and others. Digital ecosystems of agricultural production allow, within the value chain, to create complex highly automated production and logistics chains, covering wholesale and retail trading companies, agricultural producers and their suppliers in a single process with adaptive management Digital ecosystems are perspective directions of digital transformation not only for agricultural holdings but also for an average small agricultural producer. The potential for digital transformation and the creation of digital ecosystems for the agro-industrial complex is innovative. The reason for this is a high level of control in the value chain and decision-making in a high-risk form of production. As a result of the study, the use of digital ecosystems can transform traditional agricultural organizations into a new type of organization. This increases the profitability of agriculture, the investment attractiveness of the agro-industrial complex, employment of the rural population, the level of development of rural areas.
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Two schools of Russian soil cartography
Статья научная
In soil cartography, relief is considered the universal factor of soil combinations formation. Unique character of relief plaster lies in the fact that it allows to detect local, regional and global regularities of formation of geology and tectonics of our planet. All world scientific revolutions in cartography of the Earth sciences are based on geometric principles. Their development and implementation into praxis became possible thanks to longstanding activity of soil scientists under the leadership of academicians V.A. Kovda, V.R. Volobuev and professor I.N. Stepanov. Method objective is cartographic authentic mapping of the Earth shell structure dynamics. It is not possible to name the idea itself innovative because almost 150 years ago J. Clerk Maxwell in one of his articles wrote about regularities of location of "swells and valleys" of the Earth surface. Analogues of relief plaster map can be met on the maps of the famous Russian soil scientists Dimo and Volobuev, geologist Sobolevsky. Today the relief plaster method is developing and improving on the basis of Institution of Biological Engineering of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Pushhino. The new computer methods of morpho-isograph procedure are developed (zero planned curve lines), suggested by professor Stepanov.
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Статья научная
The genetic sources of the most valuable qualities for selective usage including good crop capacity, high stability against pathogenesis, winter stableness, big fruitfulness, the quality of fruit and other special directions of selection have been determined from the collection of black currants of the Kokino Base station of All-Russian Selection and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Breeding Nursery.
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Статья научная
The article takes a brief look at the problem of increasing the stability of crop production through the use of biological agents. The possibility to reduce resource consumption, enhance economic efficiency and competitive ability of domestic agricultural production due to biologization of intensification processes is shown. Particular attention is focused on the use of environment forming potential of legume crops in solving strategic problem of innovative development of Russia Agro Industrial Complex.
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Variability of characteristics of the generative organs in Medicago L. Genus
Статья научная
The characteristics that determine the reproductive potential of the nine species of the genus Medicago are studied. There is similarity in the variability of traits that determine seed production of a plant. The reasons of low realization of potential productivity of fruitification are defined.
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