Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast @volnc-esc-en
Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1692
Research on transformation development of pig industry with environment and resource restriction
Статья научная
Adequate food and pork products are important to the safety of the world. China is the world's largest country in pig production and pork consumption. Pig industry plays a significant role in the animal husbandry production of China and has become one of most dynamic pillar industries in agriculture and rural economy at present. With the increasing environment and resource restriction, pig breeding is heading to standardized, large-scale and ecological development, which will promote the ecological transformation of pig industry, ensure animal products safety, ecological environment safety and resource safety and improve the comprehensive benefit of animal husbandry.
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Статья научная
The article brings to the fore the issues related to identifying and assessing the relationship between the development of the research sector and the innovative growth of regions. It is shown that the key feature of the knowledge generation sector is research potential, the essence of which is directly related to the level of development of fundamental and applied research, the degree of their implementation in the material sector of the economy. We reveal that at present the research is carried out, which affects various aspects of the assessment of research potential, identifying the trends in its development and mechanisms of its implementation at different levels. The comparative analysis carried out in the article shows that all methodological approaches include a fairly identical set of indicators characterizing quantitative characteristics and their dynamics; many of them use aggregated indices that make it possible to compare countries and regions. In addition to the existing methods, our own approach proposes to analyze not only quantitative, but also qualitative characteristics in order to create conditions for the formation of the environment for innovative development of the region. Thus, on the example of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences we show that the priority directions of research development should not only correspond to the global and national scientific agenda, but also address the issues of innovative development of the regions in which research centers are located. The article presents the analysis of the regions in which scientific institutes and centers of the Ural Branch of RAS are located; we make a classification of these regions, highlighting the regions-innovators, regions-followers and catching up regions; priorities of innovation and technological development are identified for each region and then they are compared with the priorities of the Ural Branch of RAS. We put forward the thesis that in addition to the concentration of researchers the most important condition for the generation of knowledge and for the creation of breakthrough technologies is a high concentration of investment resources in the field of science. On the example of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences we present the data on the need for investment in the development of scientific organizations and scenarios for their development.
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Статья научная
The article substantiates the expediency of conducting research to assess the state of the agro-food system in the regions of the European North of Russia due to the increased geopolitical risks and the need to achieve strategic objectives of the Arctic territories development. Based on the analysis of statistical information, materials of the Department of Agriculture and Food Resources of the Vologda Oblast the author analyzes the change in the value of milk production, identifies municipal regions where agricultural producers boost agricultural economics, describes trends in the structure of livestock in 2000-2014. The work shows that the major resource potential for the dairy cattle breeding development in the region is concentrated in Vologdsky District, Gryazovetsky District and Cherepovetsky District. The analytical grouping helps determine that given current market conditions, state of material and technical base of the industry and level of state support it is economically feasible to increase the productivity of cows to 7083 kg, as it allows to reduce unit costs and enhance profitability...
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Reserves to strengthen the regional budgets out of the crisis
Статья научная
The article continues the discussion of issues touched in the articles by V.A.Ilyin and A.I. Povarova, about the problems of formation and functioning of regional budgets. The authors present additional data about the imbalances in the budgetary system of the North-West Federal District of the RF. They make proposals, realization of which will make it possible to increase revenues of regional budgets, to optimize their costs, to raise the influence of regional budgets on innovation development of territories.
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Resource security of healthcare in Russia: issues of territorial differentiation
Статья научная
Russia’s regions (federation subjects) vary greatly by level of socio-economic development; this fact leads to inequality in social infrastructure development as well. The same can be said about healthcare. There is a strong link between economic development in the regions and funding of medical care. It is necessary to point out that the actual level of morbidity and mortality is not reflected in the volumes of resource supply of the sector in terms of territories; consequently, the principles of social justice and social solidarity are violated. The article analyzes statistical data on the RF subjects and shows the extent of territorial disparities in the provision of population with the main healthcare resources: financial (the amount of per capita funding and the level of implementation of territorial programs of state guarantees), labor (provision of population with doctors and nursing staff), equipment (provision with hospital beds). The author points out the regions that show consistently low rates of resource security of healthcare...
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Return on equity as an economic growth driver
Статья научная
The article presents a simple model of economic growth based on the description of the dynamics of fixed capital formation. The main characteristic of the obtained fundamental equation of economic growth consists in an explicit link between the indicators of the GDP growth rate and the level of return on equity which allows not only obtaining the T. Piketty inequality, but also strictly determining the conditions for its implementation. The peculiarity of the fundamental equation of economic growth is in the postulation of the primacy of the capital circulation process which can provide an economic growth regime under certain conditions. The main difference between the author’s model and earlier constructions is the aggregation of most growth factors into one parameter. It is the profit rate (return on equity) which acts as the main driver of economic expansion. To strengthen the explanatory power of the fundamental equation of economic growth, the author considers two economic sectors - ordinary (with a low return on equity) and special (with a very high return on equity). This approach allows dividing the economic growth regime into early and mature stages which differ radically in the values of the macroeconomic parameters. The article shows that the early stage is typical for the period of the economy’s exit from the Malthusian trap and the transition from the industrial depression to sustainable growth. Experimental calculations based on the model proves that, in order to overcome the poverty trap, it is necessary to have a special sector in the national economy with the annual return on equity of hundreds percent. This result is consistent with the available historical data on the profitability of economic operations at a critical development stage - the change of the feudal system intto the capitalist one. The calculations also demonstrate that, for the mature stage of economic growth, such high requirements for business profitability are not imposed, and the thesis about the need for a special sector loses its significance. Moreover, the fundamental equation of economic growth allows outlining the final stage contours of the capitalist management mode.
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Статья научная
Officially assuming the post of President of the Russian Federation on May 7, 2024, Vladimir Putin drew attention to the need to “ensure the continuity of the country’s development for decades to come”. In the paper, we consider historical aspects that determine the relevance of this task for our country. Based on expert opinion, facts and statistics, we analyze current factors impeding the continuity of the sovereign course of national development in the long term. We conclude that the implementation of this task set by the head of state depends, first of all, on improving public administration effectiveness in terms of reorienting the ruling elites at all levels (federal, regional, municipal) from liberal dogmas to the goals and criteria of the sovereign course of national development. Our contribution consists in the systematization of statistical data, assessments of experts from various fields (government, science, non- governmental activities, culture, education, etc.), as well as events taking place in the life of the country and beyond, which allows us to draw a scientifically substantiated conclusion about the importance of ensuring the continuity of the course of national development implemented by the RF President as a strategic goal intended for the long term after the completion of the next historical round of the civilizational conflict with the Collective West on the terms guaranteeing Russia the possibility of safe and sovereign development in the 21st century.
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Рецензия
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Review of the monograph Belarus on its way to the future: sociological assessment
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Статья научная
At present, socio-economic development in leading countries is characterized by intensive development of cooperation between government, business and society. In conditions when territories gain more autonomy in solving socio-economic development problems, business entities act as funding sources for addressing the most urgent issues, the priority of which is impossible to determine without participation of the public. Having studied the evolution of cooperation between government and business in Russia we point out that the extent of government participation in the economy depends on its national development specifics at different stages, which determines the diversity of their interaction models. Having reviewed domestic and foreign research works we systematize the existing models of trilateral interaction. The paper analyzes the implementation of joint projects and programs by the authorities and business in the Russian Federation and reveals forms of participation of society in addressing regional problems on the example of the Vologda Oblast...
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Revisiting the issue concerning the future of Russian statehood
Статья научная
National and regional surveys show that the expert community is dominated by pessimistic assessments concerning the prospects of Russia’s future. The paper discusses the reasons for such a situation. We provide the data on the results of the gubernatorial elections that were held September 9, 2018 and showed that the support for candidates from the United Russia, the current ruling party, has decreased. In addition, we analyze the open data of official reporting of major corporations from five Russian regions; it allows us to draw a conclusion about the existence of legislative conditions in Russia that make it possible for major taxpayers to minimize the tax base, which leads to significant losses of the budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The paper concludes that it is necessary for the President to make tough decisions aimed at improving the efficiency of the public administration system.
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Revisiting the issue of the “initial accumulation of capital” in post-Soviet Russia
Статья научная
The inclusion of those economies that are “peripheral” in relation to so-called “first world” countries into the paradigm of capitalist development is a topical issue of globalization. This process turned out extremely dramatic in its implications for former Soviet republics, in particular for post-Soviet Russia. The country, which had a highly capitalized economy “at the start” of market transformation, faced the fragmentation of socialized property and its transition to the form of private ownership. Politicians, public figures, experts, and scientists often interpret the stage of the 1990s “capitalist transition” from the standpoint of the “initial accumulation of capital” - a well-known category of Marxist political economy. However, we find this approach highly controversial. The goal of our paper is to find out whether it is legitimate to talk about the applicability of the key provisions of this theory to characterize the processes that took place in Russia in the first post-Soviet decade. This can be done by analyzing the theory of initial accumulation and its modern interpretations. In the first part of the article, we give a brief overview of the development of the theory of initial capital accumulation from its original provisions formulated byK. Marx to modern interpretations of this process. The second part considers the content of a discussion on the processes of post-Soviet capitalist transformation in Russia through the prism of the theory of initial accumulation. The third part uses actual data on the dynamics of fixed assets, gross fixed capital accumulation, investment activity to make a critical assessment of the processes of capitalist accumulation of capital in Russia in the last decade of the 20th century. We conclude that in the post-Soviet period there was a fragmentation of socialized property and its transition to private ownership, which contradicts the key provisions of the concept of initial accumulation (liquidation of property of small producers and its socialization). The novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that the historical process that took place in Russia in the last decade of the 20th century was defined as a process of appropriation and secondary redistribution of state property, accompanied by catastrophic processes of decapitalization.
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Revisiting the linkages between economic growth, human capital and environmental quality
Статья научная
Various anthropogenic activities that cause the release of greenhouse gases have increased the problems caused by climate change. The increasing necessity of mitigating the damaging impacts of worldwide warming draws attention to the environmental degrading effects of fossil fuels. This empirical research explores the relationship among China’s human capital (lhc), GDP growth (lgdp), energy intensity (lei) and environmental degradation (lco2) by using the data from 1990 to 2019. In this study, macroeconomic data of China is analyzed; the Bayer - Hanck test is employed in the analysis of cointegration, and the Toda - Yamamoto test is conducted for causality analysis. The following are the study’s findings: the cointegration analysis shows that there exist a cointegrated relationship between lco2, lhc, lgdp and lei. In other words, it shows that the factors have a cointegrated relationship. According to the outcomes of FMOLS analysis, increases in energy intensity, GDP growth, and human capital increase carbon dioxide releases in the long term. As evidenced by the findings, improvement in energy efficiency is associated with favorable outcomes for the environment, though economic expansion and the augmentation of human capital are linked to adverse effects on environmental conditions. The Toda - Yamamoto causality test has yielded results indicating the presence of causality links between human capital and carbon emissions, as well as between human capital and energy intensity. Furthermore, it has been observed that the former variable exerts a unidirectional influence on the latter. There is also a unidirectional causality from all variables to carbon emissions, GDP growth and energy intensity, respectively.
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