Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
Sociological research in the Soviet period in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Статья научная
The article reveals the process of institutionalization of sociological research in the Soviet period in the Republic of Bashkortostan, in particular, the scientific contribution of the first researchers - professors F.B. Sadykov and N.A. Aitov.
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Статья научная
The paper examines development specifics of sovereign bond markets in the CIS countries. The sample includes Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan, since only these countries, among the CIS members, possess enough sovereign bonds included in the global debt market. The relevance of the study is due to the increasing financial uncertainty, which attracts attention to relatively reliable means of public debt; the need to understand the functioning of debt markets against the background of antiRussian sanctions and the increasing influence of the State. The aim of the work is to empirically verify the connectivity, integration and predictability of the sovereign bond markets of Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan. Empirical data include daily refinancing rates of national central banks, indices of total sovereign bond yields, G-spreads of international bonds of the countries in relation to the conditionally risk-free US bond yield curve for 2019-2023. The effects of market development features are divided into local, regional and global, such as the reaction to COVID-19 and anti-Russian sanctions after 2022. We use the following methods: dynamics analysis, correlation, factor and regression analysis. The novelty of the research lies in introducing new empirical data into scientific discourse, testing a methodology that allows us to assess the interaction of monetary policies and the functioning of sovereign bond markets, common features and differences in the behavior of these markets before and after the imposition of sanctions against the Russian financial system. We conclude that the integration of the considered markets within the CIS is violated, which poses risks to the effective economic development of the region. We consider the relatively developed and integrated, but poorly predictable markets of Russia and Kazakhstan. Unlike Russia, Kazakhstan has more connectivity regarding its monetary policy, sovereign bond yields and risks. The yield of Azerbaijan’s sovereign bonds is influenced by a more developed market of Kazakhstan, especially in terms of risk assessment, but the market itself is developed poorly. Uzbekistan’s market is even less integrated and developed.
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Статья научная
The results of the 58th US presidential election held November 8th, 2016 turned out a big surprise for many people. Numerous public opinion polls in the USA on political loyalty conducted by various researchers from July to October, 2016, demonstrated a steady trend of an electoral advantage of the Democratic Party's nominee (H. Clinton). However, during election (November 8th, 2016) the Republican Party's nominee D. Trump won with 306 electoral votes against 232. Why did this happen? Experts, political analysts have different explanations of this choice of American voters. In this article, the author makes an attempt to conduct a simple statistical analysis of the results of American electorate political preferences using basic socio-economic categories such as “quality of life”, “gross domestic product”, “employment” and “crime”. The hypothesis accepted as the basis for the author's arguments implies that the voters' political preferences greatly depend on the actual quality of people's lives, which is highly differentiated in the US states...
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Spatial and territorial development of the European North: trends and priorities of transformation
Статья научная
One of the key goals in the development of Russia, the largest country in the world, is the necessity to provide optimal and efficient usage of its huge territories. However, transformational market changes, which happened after the collapse of the USSR in the 1990s, led to a sharp decrease in the state's role in the governance of spatial development. This policy had extremely negative economic and social implications: settlement contrast increased due to the production and population's retraction into areas of concentration. Simultaneous “washing” of population out from deep regions also took place. At the same time, these problems are especially relevant for Russia's northern territories, which are characterized by focal settlement, production's placement, and for other territories, which experienced negative consequences of market transition. These factors justify the relevance of this research. The goal of the paper is to study the features and substantiate priority areas of perfecting governance of Russian European North (REN) regions' spatial territorial development. Theoretical and methodological approaches toward understanding the essence of economic space and its development, the analysis of key trends and specifics of Russian European North's spatial development in the post-soviet period were studied. Also, we prove that economic space of REN is currently linear-nodular with significant areas of economic periphery. The article shows the role of first- and second-class nods in preserving supporting carcass of territories of Russian European North. Also, it is shown that such settlement systems might be a basis for formation and development of polycentric model of region's space organization. This model is aimed at the revival and development of sustainable socio-economic and technological connections through the system “large city-small town-village”.
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Spatial aspects of electric power industry development in Russia's European North
Статья научная
The article deals with the Karelian-Kola and Dvina-Pechora parts of the electric power system located in Russia’s European North (REN) as the structures of trans-regional level. A comparative system analysis of these objects revealed their common and distinctive features, and the problems of their spatial organization. As a result, important factors of enhancing integration ties have been determined. Besides, the article highlights the main directions of spatial development of REN power supply system.
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Spatial aspects of the region's of population socio-economic differentiation
Статья научная
The article makes a comparative assessment of living standard of urban and rural population of the Vologda region in 2000 - 2008. The following indicators are used for this: volume and structure of income and expenditures, the consumption of food, housing, property security, services consumption. The study was based on statistical information and the results of sociological research.
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Spatial behavior of prices in the Russian Federation in 2003-2012
Статья научная
The heterogeneity of economic development and specifics of the spatial position of regions implies that the regional markets in the country are characterized by varying degrees and trends of price dynamics. The multidirectional and disproportionate changes in the prices in the regional markets, in turn, show that integration in the national market is poor. The work presents the results of research into the spatial behavior of prices in the Russian Federation in 2003-2012, carried out mainly using the descriptive analysis of consumer prices based on the identification of the measures of dispersion of price indicators - standard deviation and the range of variation. The analysis of consumer price indices dynamics shows that the year 2008 is a period of greatest price growth, and also proves that the prices for services and foodstuffs are subject to the highest fluctuations. The analysis of the prices for the fixed set of goods and services shows that consumer prices in the Russian Federation subjects during the analyzed period changed unevenly; however, beginning from 2009 there is a positive trend of reducing fluctuations in their growth rates...
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Spatial development of social service in the northern region
Статья научная
The article examines the parameters and features of medical and educational service in the northern region, for example in the Komi Republic. The author gives evaluation of the issues relating to functioning of the major elements of territorial framework of social service and determined by low-density, great distances and poor connectivity of space. The spatial development directions are emphasized in the context of development of different medical and educational service centers and reinforcement of net cooperation between them.
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Spatial management of the shipping routes in the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The new plans for Russian Arctic development are predetermined by changes in the external economic environment and the state’s internal policy. In May 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced new development guidelines for the Northern Sea Route. Later on, the documents related to the strategic development of the Russian Arctic zone were approved. In these documents, the Northern Sea Route development is highlighted as one of the main directions of competitive national transport communication of the Russian Federation on the global market. The purpose of the research is to determine the role of the Northern Sea Route in the country’s spatial and socio-economic development in the context of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2025. The long-term plans launched various economic, political, and other socially significant processes in the Russian Arctic, which led to the formulation of two research tasks. The first one is to consider the main approaches to the spatial management of the regional economy and to present the implementation of the spatial economy provisions in case of the Northern Sea Route that is the center of the Arctic space “assembly”. The second one is to reveal the Northern Sea Route potential as a transport and logistics highway in the transit traffic area, transportation of raw materials, and ensuring vital activity of the population of the Northern regions in deliveries of goods to the Northern territories. As a result of the research, the authors have identified the main trends in the NSR development: strengthening of Russia’s domestic economic policy, aimed at activating business processes in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and the usage of the NSR as an international transit highway. Data analysis on transportation of raw materials and goods deliveries to the Northern territories indicates that inland navigation will soon be a dominant type of navigation on the Northern Sea Route.
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Specific features of human potential development of a new generation in Russia
Статья научная
The article on the basis of comparative analysis of terms such as human capital and human potential chooses the latter as one reflecting the specific features of the state and development of the society and an individual most completely. With this in mind, the author identifies the priorities of a new generation in the process of perception and transmission of socio-cultural and science and technology achievements of the previous generations, as well as evaluates the moral state of the society. The author also shows specific features of the communication process amid present conditions and their impact on young people's human potential. The article assesses the role of ideology in social stability and favorable state of human potential. Education and upbringing are compared as complementary elements in the system of shaping a new generation. The author considers in most general terms some specific features of a crisis situation in our country and gives a descriptive definition of a justice crisis as its component. He substantiates the thesis that the present crisis state of science, education and healthcare is the result of their inconsistent and inadequate reformation. The article contains a number of propositions for building up human potential of a new generation.
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Статья научная
The specifics of agricultural development management in the remote northern territories should be always taken into consideration; otherwise modernization processes in the agricultural sector would be impeded. The article defines the concept of agriculture modernization and highlights its necessity. It reveals the peculiarities, opportunities and limitations of technological and socio-economic development of agriculture in the peripheral northern rural territories of the Komi Republic. The article studies agriculture modernization for the period of the 1960s-1980s, and under market reforms. It shows the impact of market reforms on the change of economic and social conditions of agriculture in the peripheral areas of the northern region. For stimulating agricultural production modernization, the authors propose a target-programme method of managing the agriculture in peripheral territories.
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Specifics of external migration into the Pskov oblast
Статья научная
Modern scientists consider migration to be a tool that makes it possible to redistribute human capital, which is currently the most important resource. At that, of special interest are the peripheral regions of the country, including those with the cross-border status, where the influence of migration processes on the structure of population is most noticeable. The Pskov Oblast is currently the leader in Russia in terms of depopulation. Natural decline in the region’s population is only partially compensated by migration. In this regard, the role of migration in the solution of demographic issues of regional development is becoming more and more important. The article presents the analysis of migration processes in the Pskov Oblast in the post-Soviet period; the analysis is based on the processing of statistical data. The author attempts to explain the main trends in migration processes in the framework of the Pskov Oblast for the last 20 years. Informational base of the research is formed by the materials of Pskovstat. The research findings can be used in the drafting and adjustment of a concept for demographic development of the region.
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Specifics of modernization in Russia's regions
Статья научная
The article analyzes the specifics of modernization in the Russian regions. The author studies modernization in connection with globalization, that is, with the formation of global networks, high-tech core and archaic periphery. The article shows the main trends of modernization in the Russian regions, identifies the role of local government in their formation. In addition, it reveals a number of specific features of modernization in Russia; in particular, a complex combination of a protective attitude towards innovation and focus on development in local communities. Besides, the article pays special attention to the role of traditional value orientations in the decision making process at the local level.
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Specifics of reproductive behavior of female residents of Moscow
Статья научная
Birth rate dynamics in Russia’s population remains one of the major objects of attention of demographic science and politics. In 2019, the aggregate birth rate in Moscow exceeded the Russian average, giving rise to assumptions about the likelihood of the emergence of a new trend, despite the fact that studies of reproductive behavior of city dwellers indicate the prevalence of intentions to have fewer children. The article presents estimates of birth rates in metropolitan megacities of Russia, indicating that the values of indicators are still lower than the Russian average and even lower than the same indicators for Russia’s urban population. According to the data of an up-to-date survey of female Moscow residents, we find the prevalence of intentions to have fewer children and postpone childbirth. Significant factors influencing the intentions of female Moscow residents to have children are marital behavior, level of education, standard of living and value orientations. Birth rates in female Moscow residents with higher education in real generations are slightly lower than the Russian average. A slightly less pronounced inclination toward getting married in a civil ceremony also has a significant determinant role. The impact of income level cannot be assessed unambiguously. Indeed, in groups of women with relatively lower welfare, fertility rates are higher, but this is due to the ratio of satisfaction with the standard of living and the importance of children (the need for children). A higher level of income (and satisfaction with it) contributes to the realization of reproductive intentions. Female Moscow residents tend to have fewer children since such an attitude is passed down from previous generations; besides, among them, there is a higher proportion of those focused on individual values, which also determines a lower birth rate in a metropolitan megacity. Taking into account birth rate trends and the peculiarities of reproductive behavior of female Moscow residents can contribute to improving the effectiveness of demographic policy.
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Статья научная
The paper proves that the major reason for the slow development of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia is a lack of effective training and retraining system of business staff. The directions of using public-private partnership to achieve these aims are revealed in the case of the Moscow Oblast.
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Статья научная
The article substantiates the necessity of modernization and the role of highly qualified personnel in the technological and socio-economic development of the agrarian sector in the Komi Republic. The article considers the provision of agriculture with personnel in the pre-reform period and describes the current situation concerning the professional level of managers, specialists of agricultural enterprises and workers of mass professions. The factors impeding the retaining of personnel in rural areas have been revealed. Besides, the article proposes a set of managerial, organizational and economic measures for the staffing of modernization and innovation development of agricultural production.
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Stages of control of regional development in Russia
Статья научная
The article considers the dynamics of the system of regional development state regulation in Russia. The stages of state regulation are identified through the use of dialectical and historical-logical analysis methods. The basic goals, achievements and shortcomings are identified at each stage. The consequences of regulation are considered under the prism of asymmetry problem of socio-economic space as a reflection of dominant values of sociality or effectiveness in regional policies, and as a measurement of practical management effectiveness. The conclusion on the substantial theoretical and methodological shortcomings of regional development regulation is argued.
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State Duma election 2016. Economic policy of the president assessed by the people
Ред. заметка
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Статья научная
The article touches on the area of increasing significance which is information society development. The main aim of the article is to present the development of information society Slovenia, Croatia and Poland on the background of the EU average. The analysis will cover selected indicators characterizing important areas of the digital society: broadband network coverage, digital competences of the society, share of people and households using the Internet and their main information and communicationservicesaswellasinvolvementofenterprisesin Internetactivitiesandtheiruseofinnovative information and communication services. Main used methods are deduction, induction and comparative analysis of different reports concerning digital society development in Slovenia, Croatia and Poland. In writing this article, the author uses also a critical review of the literature, to present current knowledge about the nature of and reasons for digital society development, synthesis, allowing for a comprehensive evaluation of the Slovenian, Croatian, Polish and EU digital society state and an indication of the primary current dilemmas. While writing the article the author benefits from the domestic and foreign literature, studies carried out by institutes in European research programs commissioned by the EU as well as from the legal acts and documents of the EU.
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Статья научная
The article discusses the current state and the main trends in the development of agriculture (on the example of agricultural enterprises in the Vologda Oblast). Nowadays there is a trend of decline in the production of basic agricultural products. The insufficient financing of agricultural enterprises is one of the key reasons for this situation. Internal and external sources of funding can be such tools. As world practice shows, the largest share in the funds, which are at the disposal of agricultural enterprises, accounts for direct budgetary financing. However, in the Russian Federation there is another trend: over the last decades there is noticeable reduction in direct state support of agricultural producers. In addition, in the framework of Russia's accession to the WTO there will be further decline in such support and simultaneous transfer of financial burden onto agricultural enterprises. Therefore, the government faces an acute problem of planning and forecasting volumes of state support and earnings of agricultural enterprises...
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