Статьи журнала - Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast
Все статьи: 1587
Socio-cultural and value paradigms of public civil servants in Russia
Статья научная
In the modern Russian society, there is a contradiction between the goals and objectives of civil service, its social relevance and applied nature, on the one hand, and the growing dissatisfaction of the population on the other hand. The article describes and analyzes the socio-cultural and value paradigms of civil servants in the Russian Federation, which define the characteristics of their activities. The authors emphasize the importance of a motivational resource such as socio-cultural and value paradigms in the process of reforming the modern institution of civil service. The research results revealed a number of problems. A significant part of the structure of life goals of civil servants is occupied by material interests; according to the respondents’ estimates, the activities they do are not related to the categories of “favorite activity”, “interesting job”. Some government employees consider “service to the Fatherland”, “useful contribution to the society and the state” as the main purpose for their professional activity...
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Socio-cultural characteristics of the modern youth: some results of the pilot study
Статья научная
The research into the problems of development of the youth as a specific social group that has special needs in socio-cultural terms attracts researchers' attention in different branches of science (psychology, pedagogy, economy, sociology, etc.). This interest is caused by the fact that the youth stage (especially early youth) involves formation of special world perception, understanding of socio-legal, political and cultural events in the state, which becomes a basis for the development of a full-scale picture of the world at the later stages of maturation. The understanding of the mechanisms for initiating young people to socio-cultural values is an important aspect of the strategic plans elaboration in order to developthe country and the region. The article is devoted to the study of social and cultural characteristics of young generation in the foreign and domestic science. It shows that each stage of the youth problems study has been characterized by different research methods and tools. The image of the youth in modern Russia also has a number of features, presented in the article. The socio-cultural values of young people in the senior school age are identified in the “pilot” survey with the elements of formal interviews conducted among children attending the Research-and-Educational Center at ISEDT RAS. The article discloses further prospects of this research.
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Статья научная
The article summarizes theoretical views on the essence of socio-cultural factors in economic growth. We single out their components (mental attitudes, morality, cultural traditions, professional recognition), which, when used effectively, promote the growth of work performance efficiency. We also consider theoretical and methodological approaches to the category of “professional calling”, define its essence and features (such as deep commitment to the chosen field of work, high responsibility and dedication in the profession, selflessness and creative attitude to the work, spiritual connection of man with the profession, positive mental attitude in the work). The aim of the research is to evaluate the impact of professional calling as a social and cultural phenomenon on the economic performance of work (for example, wages, efficiency and quality of work, motivation to work, etc.) that are directly linked to labor productivity as the basis for material reproduction and productivity of the economy...
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Socio-cultural types of population in the region
Статья научная
The article presents an analysis of ISEDT RAS social study carried out in the Vologda Oblast that allowed the authors to identify the most important aspects of socio-cultural modernization: the differentiation of behavior, psychological traits of individuals and social self-identification. It is shown that the population of the region, involved in the transformation, is in the process of socio-cultural division into groups that have dissimilar behavioral characteristics; a new system of interests and value relation to the current changes is formed in different social strata.
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Socio-demographic aspects of labour potential development
Статья научная
The article describes the main trends of socio-demographic indicators of labour resources in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The article provides a cross-country comparison of the state and dynamics of labour potential; it shows the results of local research, the main issues, the regional characteristics and the ways of problem-solving. Particular consideration is given to the influ- ence of health on the development of the population’s labor potential. The article shows the population’s assessment of health and wellness importance in the labour activity.
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Статья научная
Digitalization of all spheres of life, technological, demographic, social, and other development drivers of the world contribute to the growing scale and depth of platform employment spread. Emergence of digital platforms was a major challenge for organizing and structuring the labor market. Platforms change not only existing business-paradigms, but the employment model. Platform employment in fact becomes a new institutional mechanism on the labor market. We used general scientific methods in the research: system analysis, comparison, description, generalization, systematization, formalization, and special methods - source analysis, SWOT-analysis, expert evaluation method, etc. The purpose of the research is to select and study socio-demographic features of platform workers in Russia and in the world, to compare them and reveal impact of these features on quality and stability of employment among platform workers. The article analyzes, systematizes, and sums up the results of recent European and American studies on socio-demographic features of platform workers. We attempt to assess similar characteristics among Russian workers (freelancers) analyzing sociological surveys and interviews. The author reveals primary signs of this employment type and their impact on quality of workers’ labor, compare the features of Russian and foreign platform workers, and conclude that pros and cons of platform workers are unevenly distributed, and experience of platform workers is polarized. It creates real problems for some workers and provides opportunities for others. Moreover, we designate risks of platform employment, which is a consequence of its instability, and propose areas for further studies.
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Socio-economic and environmental challenges of mining industry in the Komi Republic
Статья научная
Mineral resources of the Komi Republic and the trends and dynamics of their development determine to a great degree the level of the regions' economic development. The Republic has significant reserves of oil, gas, coal, aluminum, chromium, manganese, titanium, rare metals, gold, barite, fluorite, and quartz raw materials. However, the region's mining industry is still in the process of formation, this fact makes it possible to foresee and handle major social and environmental issues that accompany mining activities. The analysis of global trends in the implementation of mining projects substantiates the necessity to build a positive reputation of mining companies for ensuring stable production and for solving social and economic problems of territories. The paper also determines staffing requirements of prospective mining enterprises and possible social risks. The authors substantiate the necessity to redistribute taxes and payments in favor of the areas where mining companies operate, and they propose ways of attracting investment in mining projects on the stage of exploration with the help of a flexible fiscal policy...
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Socio-economic condition of the regions specializing in metallurgy: 2011 results
Статья научная
In 2010 ISEDT RAS scientists began their research on the problems of budget allocation sufficiency in the Vologda Oblast, which turned out to be the most vulnerable RF subject regarding the global financial crisis impact on the regional economy, where metallurgical production is the key development factor. The study of the tendencies and scope of crisis consequences determined the need to conduct a comparative analysis of the socio-economic condition in the Vologda Oblast and other RF subjects possessing major typological peculiarities of the regions specializing in metallurgy - the Lipetsk Oblast and the Chelyabinsk Oblast. The results of the analysis conducted in 2010 - 2011 were published by ISEDT RAS. The problem is being studying by ISEDT RAS this year. The article provides the analysis of the main socio-economic development trends in the regions specializing in metallurgy for 2011. The analysis serves as the basis for assessing the condition of territorial budget systems.
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Socio-economic differentiation of space: inconsistencies between the theory and regulation practice
Статья научная
The article notes the inconsistency between significant efforts aimed at resolving the differentiation issue of the social-economic development and low effectiveness of countries, regions. The article analyzes the theories relating to the subject matter of asymmetric development and current reality. The author argues that the modern economic theory leaves unanswered the question concerning the possibilities to eliminate the issue of inequalities within the existing world order, which can potentially result in social tensions and conflicts. The article notes the specifics of the Russian research experience with regard to the socio-economic differentiation: great number of scientific works, extrinsic interest of the management system, lack of theoretical development, research bias. The criticism of the basic research and regulation postulates of the differentiation in Russia allowed determining the main problem - the necessity to develop the quantitative analysis of the differentiation issue.
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Статья научная
Complex socio-economic estimation of the seven preserves of the regional importance situated in the Komi Republic, including consideration of the three components (ecological, social and economic) is carried out. While analyzing the condition and the features of the particularly protected natural territories their influence on the reserves’ efficiency has been revealed. The socio-economic problems of the preserves’ territories are also revealed. The list of the territories’ ecological services is represented, and these services’ economic estimation is carried out. The alternativeness of approaches for the time factor’s account (the problem of discounting) is noted.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the problem of interregional differences in the economic area of the Russian Federation. The research covers a long period (from 1990 to 2020), since this period saw significant changes in the economic, institutional and political structure of the country. The assessment of the level of differences of regions is based on the main socio-economic indicators, data on which are formed in the system of state regional statistics. The Theil index was used as the basic method for measuring inequality. This made it possible to assess the dynamics of the spatial localization of economic activity in terms of the main socio-economic indicators, as well as form the groundwork for continuing the research - assessing its intragroup and intergroup components in the sectoral aspect. For a structural analysis of the problem of regional differences, we propose our own algorithm that allows us to form a discrete variation series and calculate the integral decile coefficient. The numerical implementation of the proposed algorithm made it possible to compile a multidimensional classification of regions according to the level of their economic activity and calculate the decile coefficient on this basis; the decile coefficient integrates the totality of the main socio-economic indicators adopted for the research. The results of the research show the long-term dynamics of the growth of differences and its significant level in comparison with the pre-reform period. A numerical assessment of the measure of differences, measured using the integral decile coefficient for a set of basic economic indicators of the regions, has been compiled. On this basis, it was found that in the long term (1995-2020) the level of economic differences of the regions increased from 2.4 to 5.6 times. A classification of regions according to the level of economic activity has been compiled, which reflects the nature of the differences of the regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the geography of the location of centers of concentration of economic activity.
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Socio-economic issues of territories in the focus of attention of researchers in Vologda
Статья научная
Market transformation in Russia’s economy at the end of the 20th century was accompanied by the increase in the autonomy of its territories, and the establishment of the institute of local government. As a result of the separation of powers and responsibilities the local government has become responsible for strategically important and socially significant functions of the state such as preschool, primary, basic and secondary (complete) general education, physical education, social policy, organization of provision of housing and utilities services to the population. However, local government in Russia is in the process of formation, and only few municipalities are able to perform all their functions due to limited budgetary resources. Therefore there are a lot of problems in the socio-economic development of territories that need solving and that require scientific and methodological support as well. The paper describes the main stages of formation and development of scientific objectives with regard to the issues of socio-economic development of territories at the Institute of Socio-Economic Development of Territories of RAS. The author emphasizes that the scope of the research depends to a large extent on the needs of the local government.
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Статья научная
In this work, we show the formation and development of socio-economic studies in the northern periphery. The authors reflect the role of economic science and regional management in the development of territories with difficult natural conditions. During the time of capitalist colonization, socialist planned economy, revolutionary reform and the formation of market relations, scientific recommendations, regarding the forms of organizing production and improving the economic mechanism by the authorities, as a rule, were not received properly and on time. Nevertheless, as shown in the article, all scientific concepts and theories, despite a delay, somehow influenced (and are influencing) vital activity of the population of distant regions, but especially it influences the theory of initial capital accumulation, socialist accumulation, mobilization economy, regional organization of productive forces, economic federalism, a variety of forms of ownership and mixed economy, territorial management. Science forms the theoretical basis for objectively determined social transformations, which serves as a reference point for the accelerated development of productive forces and the growth of people's well-being. However, political activity often ends up in completely opposite positions, preferring to break existing economic relations to the detriment of public interests. On the other hand, the very socio-economic reality and various circumstances of life suggest the need to introduce new theoretical propositions into science, corresponding to the cyclical nature of the market economy, the diversity of its forms, and extreme political and economic situations. At the same time, the experience of the formation of economic
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Socio-economic transformation of Russian society
Статья научная
There are radical changes in Russia, which cover all the aspects of public life. They cause problems in the society and provoke conflicts in various spheres of public life. The key moment that raises tension in the society is a population living standard. In the political system there is a transformation of property institution, public living conditions and socio-political structure of the society. These changes have entailed the evolution of population mentality. The analysis and management of transformation process in all the systems allows to reduce social tension.
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Socio-economic vulnerability of regional communities: sociological interpretation and assessment
Статья научная
The relevance of the study of the socio-economic vulnerability of Russian regions is due to the need to reveal their internal characteristics, indicating unresolved and emerging social problems that weaken the possibilities of regions functioning and productive dynamics. The aim of the work is to clarify the concept of socio-economic vulnerability of the regional community; to define the possibilities of its sociological measurement based on a combination of objective and subjective data; to identify significant characteristics of vulnerability of region socio-economic sphere in contemporary conditions by the example of the regions of the Central Chernozem region. The originality of its formulation and solution is associated with the interpretation of the this phenomenon through the prism of key social problems manifested in objective characteristics and subjective assessments of the population, the promotion of a methodic approach to its sociological diagnosis based on rethinking the heuristic capabilities of the methodic tools of the interregional scientific program, the assessment of important parameters of socio economic vulnerability of the Central Chernozem regions. The empirical object of research is the Central Chernozem regions of Russia - the Voronezh, Kursk and Lipetsk oblasts. The informational basis of research is the data of state statistics (Rosstat); the empirical base is the results of representative survey (N=1200 people) based on the typical program and methodic tools “Socio-cultural portrait of the Russian region”. The paper clarifies the concept of socio-economic vulnerability of regional community, understood as its condition due to the internal characteristics of the socio-economic sphere, concentrating social problems of an objective-subjective nature. It defines the possibilities of its diagnosis based on a combination of measuring objective facts and subjective assessments on a number of indicators of the typical methodic. It reveals the key vulnerabilities of the socio-economic sphere of the central chernozem regions in contemporary conditions: the prevalence of poverty and a high degree of socio-economic differentiation of the population in a subjective measurement; the downward short-term dynamics of the material status of a population significant part. The results expand the scientific understanding of the socio-economic vulnerability of regional communities and can be used to define their social problems of objective and subjective nature and to find ways to solve them.
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Sociological analysis of human capital factors and resources
Статья научная
The relevance of the study is due to the lack of a single position in the scientific, state, and public discourse on the accumulation, development, and implementation of human capital. The article deals with the theoretical concepts of human and social capital, its main components; it presents the results of studying the dynamics and structure of socio-economic well-being and human capital resources. The sociological analysis is carried out by measuring social well-being of the population (the case of the Tyumen Oblast), namely its key components: the degree of life satisfaction, social optimism and protection from the main social dangers, generalized trust and trust in institutions. The authors have considered human capital resources through self-assessments of health, material well-being, health, education, status, and work motivation. As an empirical base, we used data from monitoring studies (2006-2019) conducted within the framework of the all-Russian project “Socio-Cultural Portraits of the Russian Regions”. We used the index method, correlation method, factor and variance analysis in the study. The results obtained made it possible to give a general assessment of the processes of human capital resources development, to identify the contradictions in the public consciousness, to determine the relationship between human capital resources and social capital. In particular, the research showed that social capital is associated with the citizens’ feeling protection from the main problems and dangers, and it has a weak but statistically stable connection with the components of social and material well-being. The authors note that life satisfaction, social optimism, self-esteem of protection from problems and dangers and trust in institutions increase with the growth of family’s material security. Achievement motivation, which is a necessary condition for the development of human capital resources, is currently not related to the status of a respondent, his or her material wealth and social capital.
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Статья научная
The article describes the capabilities of sociological analysis of condition and results of social interaction between law enforcement bodies, population, and civil society institutions; it also sets out the tasks to be solved in the course of such analysis at the regional level (case study of the Republic of Bashkortostan).
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Sociological aspects of rotational employment in the northern territories of Western Siberia
Статья научная
The article describes features of the lifestyle associated with rotational employment system in developing oil and gas resources of Northwestern Siberia. It shows the change in conceptual approaches to the organization of commuting, the dynamics of key parameters, the socio-cultural features of mobile and multilocal lifestyle of commuters. The consideration of the rotational method as complex and significant for the implementation of the tasks set for the Arctic and subarctic areas of Russia has allowed to reveal the interaction system of basic elements of commuting and offer more efficient tools and technologies as compared to traditional management. The author presents some results of the sociological research in the oil and gas companies located in Northwestern Siberia. The work discloses the factors of negative impact of commuting on health, physical and social well-being of people leading “double” and mobile lives. They are the following: need for long stay in closed space with strangers, differences in natural conditions of places of residence and work (pressure drops, oxygen deficiency in the North, light aperiodicity, food and water quality, cold and mosquitoes, separation from family, etc.), increased physical and emotional stress...
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Sociological assessment of public administration efficiency
Статья научная
The article presents the evolution of sociology in Russia and substantiates the increasing importance of sociological science in the country's transition to innovation development. Special attention is paid to the methodological and practical aspects of regional sociological assessments that has been carried out by ISEDT RAS in the Vologda Oblast for almost twenty years. The authors prove that sociological tools allow them to make a system assessment of the effectiveness of state management, to define the main directions of economic and social development in the country and its regions. The article points out key problems, the solution of which will enhance the role of sociological knowledge in the development of the Russian society.
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Статья научная
The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the phenomenon of reintegration of migrants returning from Russia to Kyrgyzstan has not been sufficiently studied. Little research has been done on the problems migrants face when reintegrating into the society of their country of origin; such problems include, for example, economic and social situation, the socio-psychological well-being ofmigrants and the level of reintegration. The aim of the study is sociological assessment of the sustainability of reintegration of migrants returning from Russia to Kyrgyzstan. Scientific novelty consists in the concretization of the term “reintegration” as a multidimensional process that allows migrants to restore the economic, social and psychosocial relationships necessary to move forward in life; and the term “sustainable reintegration”, as the returnees achieve a certain level of economic self-sufficiency, social stability and psychosocial weh-being; in the development of empirical indicators of sustainable reintegration, such as the ability of a returned migrant to provide for themselves and their family, participate in economic activities, housing, build strong social relationships and be involved in the local community, psychological well-being, the ability to use basic services, and the absence of migration plans after return. We provide a sociological assessment of the sustainability of reintegration of migrants returning from Russia to Kyrgyzstan, based on the results of a questionnaire survey of 515 return migrants, and focus group interviews with 37 return migrants in Kyrgyzstan in October - November 2022. It has been revealed that the reintegration of return migrants from Russia to Kyrgyzstan is quite sustainable in all spheres: economic, social and sociopsychological. At the same time, the returnees have certain problems reflected in the insufficiently high level ofjustification of expectations from the return and in possible intentions to migrate again to Russia or other countries.
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