Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 940
Review of the monograph “The Arctic: a Development Strategy”
Статья научная
The review emphasizes the key features of the monograph “The Arctic: Development Strategy”, prepared by experts of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and NArFU named after M.V. Lomonosov. The authors developed a systematic analysis of the development issues of the Russian Arctic and the state development efforts in this macro-region. They studied the preferential regimes of economic activities and the role of mineral resource centers as important drivers of socio-economic development. According to the reviewer, the monograph is of interest both to specialists and to a wide range of readers.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The book is the result of a great work of M. A. Lukina on the history of villages in the Delta of the Northern Dvina River. The book is the first study of the island colonization, establishment, and centuries-old development of settlements in the mouth of the Northern Dvina River. The author combined the traditional historical approach to the data presentation and the method associated with the study of the value change over the centuries and historical memory.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
A lot has been said about the low quality of territory development programs at the regional and municipal levels in Russian literature. However, rare examples are given to confirm this thesis. In the case of such closely related issues as demographic and the education system development at the municipal level, we consider the territorial planning schemes and show these issues are not given sufficient attention. In terms of demography, the main disadvantages are an insufficiently detailed analysis of the age distribution of the population and its dynamics, analysis of a very short period (1-4 years), underestimation of existing trends (e.g., a wave-like change in the population), and an extremely weak demographic forecast. Concerning the education system, the main disadvantages are a short review horizon (1-3 years), insufficient analysis of trends and justification of the proposed measures, the use of planned rather than real indicators, which leads to an underestimation of demographic trends, insufficient analysis of the accessibility of educational organizations. A more detailed analysis of indicators over a greater number of years should be carried out to improve the quality of the schemes. When developing them, it is necessary to involve a specialist in demographic forecasting. Finally, it is required to create a model scheme that can be guided by developing schemes at the municipal level.
Бесплатно
Revisiting the question of the Russian Arctic policy making
Статья научная
The author discusses the main stages and key documents that have established the Russian Arctic zone as an independent object of the state policy and analyses current issues of the Russian Arctic policy making. It was decided to avoid the clear separation of stages in the policy making process due to the fact that it was not possible to determine the equivalent differentiation criteria. The chosen approach has allowed to achieve certain goals and to draw conclusions about the dynamics of the Russian Arctic policy making, its key points, the meaning and significance of adopted legal acts.
Бесплатно
Rights of the indigenous peoples of the Russian Arctic: problems and solutions
Статья научная
The article reveals the situation of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North of the Russian Federation; it draws attention to the unresolved issues of the collective rights of the indigenous peoples, legal aspects of their ethnicity, public health, and reindeer husbandry, industrial development of the territories, education and language. The author has noted activities of the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. In conclusion, the author states that despite the exist-ing shortcomings because of the self-sufficient public-state and ethnic policy, in the Russian Arctic, there is an ongoing system of ensuring rights of indigenous small-numbered peoples, their traditional way of life and economic activities.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
This paper contributes to filling a knowledge gap by presenting new research within the practical field of road transport. It takes the buyers of road transport services as its point of entry and seeks to answer the follow question: How can buyers of road transport services contribute to safe road transport in northern Norway? A qualitative approach was selected for this study, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with six different buyers of road transport services. By using a modified version of The Pentagon Model, different aspects were analyzed in order to identify organizational characteristics and qualities that will improve the possibility for buyers of road transport to contribute to a safer road transport in Northern Norway and thereby contribute to fewer accidents and near-misses. The following characteristics and qualities were identified: 1) the importance of developing a detailed formal contract with the provider of road transport; 2) being aware of the possibilities with new technologies; 3) understanding that the decision criteria for ordering transport can influence road transport safety; 4) seeing the importance of good communication with both the transport organization and the authorities; 5) recognizing that knowledge of and trust in a transport organization is important but could also affect judgement regarding revisions and controls. This study suggests that buyers of road transport services can contribute to a safer road transport in northern Norway by emphasizing these five characteristics and qualities.
Бесплатно
Role of Consumer’s Cooperation in Arkhangelsk Region in Vital Activity of Rural Population
Статья научная
The paper examined main development trends of consumer’s cooperation in Arkhangelsk region and it’s main role in rural regions infrastructure development. The emphasis was made on the social aspects of consumer’s cooperation activity: supply of goods and services to rural population, their employment and income increase.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
During the period of global climate change, the territories of the Russian Federation, within which permafrost is widespread, are at particular risk. The aim of this article is to identify the social consequences of permafrost degradation on the example of a number of rural settlements in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and to determine the emerging mechanisms of adaptation to the challenges associated with changes in the habitual state of the environment. In this regard, for the first time, the villages of Amga, Yunkur, Argakhtakh, Lippe-Atakh and Ulakhan-An, located in Yakutia, were the focus of relevant interdisciplinary research conducted during 2019–2022. The work in these settlements made it possible to establish local features of both the consequences of the degradation of permafrost and the specifics of their perception by the local population. It is noted that in the rural settlements studied, permafrost degradation limits the development of traditional economic activities, including among the Arctic and Subarctic indigenous population, limits the possibilities for the spatial development of settlements, leads to problems with the safety of the housing stock, and hinders transport communication. The observed changes entail an increase in the financial burden on the population, economic entities and local administrations, and negatively affect the social well-being of the inhabitants of the studied villages. At the same time, the conducted research allowed to reveal that the mechanisms of adaptation and sustainability of rural communities that are being formed in this regard are largely based on traditions of rural mutual assistance.
Бесплатно
Rural Yakutia: perception indigenous population сhanges in enviroment
Статья научная
In rural Yakutia climatic factors were added to human impacts on the environment. The phenomena of melting permafrost, rising water in rivers and lakes were recorded in rural areas. Normal Windrose has changed as well as temperature fluctuations in different seasons are marked. Environmental changes are perceived the indigenous population as a serious threat to quality of life.
Бесплатно
Russia and India in the Arctic: a case for greater synergy
Статья научная
The article studies the cooperation between Russia and India with specific reference to the Arctic region. The melting of the Arctic sea ice has seen tremendous investment by Russia in the Arctic. It has sought strategic partners for the development of the Arctic, with the primary focus being on the development of the oil and gas industry and the Northern Sea Route. Russia and India have had long-standing diplomatic relations. It has been in diverse spheres such as space, atomic energy, defense, oil and gas, diamond industry, steel industry being just a few ones. Russia’s focus on the Arctic ushers in many more opportunities for Russia and India to cooperate. India is one of the few countries to which Russia has accorded many investment opportunities in oil and gas and the diamond industry. India has made some investments in the oil and gas industry of the Russian Arctic. However, the article highlights that the energy deficit in India is dangerous, and it affects the development of the country. The article suggests more significant Indian investment in the Arctic, including phase II of the Yamal LNG project. It brings out a need for greater cooperation in scientific research, specifically climate change and hydrography, and possible utilization of the immense technically qualified human resource that India has in diverse areas of the Arctic. It is relevant for diplomats, civil servants, oil and gas companies, strategic mineral companies, hydrographic authorities, and researchers in both countries involved in developing the Arctic and the Northern Sea Route. The article may be of interest for relevant courses and programs at universities.
Бесплатно
Russia in the Arctic. Will the State Commission be its helmsman?
Статья научная
The article is focused on the analysis of the decisions on the development and exploration of the Arctic. It also reveals the activity of the State Commission on the Development of the Arctic. It notes the slow solution of problems of energy, information, transportation security of the remote settlements in the Russian Arctic. Unresolved issues of legal support of the guarantee and compensation system caused a certain degree of concern for persons working on the territory of the North in the Arctic. This list of existing problems could be extended. Activities of the State Commission confirm the thesis that Russia intends to provide reliable and long-term national interests in the Arctic.
Бесплатно
Russia remains on Shpitsbergen
Статья научная
The article considers the perspectives of the expanding of the national social-economic activities on the archipelago by the decisions of the government committee on the Russian presence on Shpitsbergen (December 2011).
Бесплатно
Russian Arctic by the experts eyes and users of the Internet
Статья научная
Summarizes the results of a survey of the experts and Internet users about the problems in the Russian Arctic.
Бесплатно
Russian Arctic in the Contours of the Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation
Статья научная
During the decade of implementation of strategic planning in modern Russian reality, planning imperatives have also been introduced into the processes of geo-economic and political development of the Arctic, defining the system of goals and functional dominance of this geostrategic region, in particular, in medium-term perspective of budget policy implementation in 2024 and for the planning period of 2025 and 2026 [1]. During this period, Russia’s importance in the system of international relations increased, the country’s reputation and confidence in acquiring the status of a great maritime power, as well as in taking strong positions on land, as a state with centuries-old traditions of developing a large continental civilization, has been strengthened. At the same time, the role of the Arctic has noticeably increased, both among the regional directions of national maritime policy and in Russian foreign policy. Essentially, the Arctic began to determine the degree of state’s greatness at sea and in the world. This requires the comprehensive development of maritime potential. The main thing is to ensure, through the maritime potential, Russia’s guaranteed access to Arctic marine resources and space, including ensuring uninterrupted, preferably year-round, functioning of the national transport communication in the Arctic — the Northern Sea Route — the basis of the system of maritime communications. The Arctic nuclear icebreaker fleet and fleets of reinforced ice-class vessels are rightly considered the symbol of the Arctic maritime potential.
Бесплатно
Russian Arctic increases with islands
Статья научная
Relevance of the topic is defined by the fact that neither the Russian Empire nor the Soviet Union nor the Russian Federation have passed a law that defines the status, composition and the borders of the Russian Arctic, both on land and in the waters of the Arctic Ocean. It is necessary to find system solutions for a number of urgent problems of the Arctic management modernization: 1) monitoring of Russian islands in the Arctic Ocean, administrative, legal and environmental responsibility for the departmental use of their lands and adjacent water area; 2) adoption of the basic federal law "The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation"; 3) effective functioning of the Government Commission on the Arctic; 4) development of interregional integration institutes; 5) implementation of state program "Socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic for the period up to 2020"; 6) transition to project management, the formation of the portfolio of the Arctic projects; 7) the possibility of establishing the Bank for Reconstruction and Development in the Arctic, Arctic state commercial bank.
Бесплатно
Russian Arctic or the Arctic zone
Статья научная
Analysis of data collection results on the topic “Russian Arctic or the Arctic zone”
Бесплатно
Russian Arctic regional development aspects: the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Статья научная
The article focuses on the regional development aspects of the Russian Arctic in case of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The author explains the reason for the 13 Arctic and Northern territories of Yakutia to be legally considered as a part of the Russian Arctic. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has accumulated a long term positive legal experience in regulating the development of the Arctic and Northern ulus (districts) of Yakutia, which is of interest for the law community in other territories of the Russian Arctic. The author analyzes the issues of socio-‐economic development of the Yakut part of the Arctic and the results of the Year of the Arctic 2014. In conclusion some specific recommendations on development of the Arctic territories are to be found.
Бесплатно
Russian Diesel Icebreaker Fleet and Its Place in the Economic Development of the North
Статья научная
The article studies the development of Soviet and Russian marine civilian diesel icebreakers. The history of their commissioning is analyzed and the main points of their service in the North are investigated. The Soviet and Russian stages of their construction and operation, which were approximately equal in duration, were compared. The author’s diagram of this development is made. The absolute dominance of Finnish shipbuilding in the process of construction of diesel marine civil domestic icebreakers has been revealed. The reasons of transition to icebreaker building in Russia, the main problems in this direction of development are found. The values of diesel civilian icebreaker fleet necessary for effective operation of navigation in the North are determined. The existing prospects and needs for the development of diesel civil icebreaking fleet in Russia are formulated. The key tactical and technical data of sea diesel icebreakers are compared. The author’s diagram shows the outstripping growth of ice-carrying capacity with simultaneous decrease of specific power of diesel icebreakers. A brief analysis of the main events in the history of each particular icebreaker is carried out, and a set of 10 main directions of application of diesel civil icebreakers of Russia in the North is summarized. A kind of rating of these directions has been compiled, among which some very rare ones have appeared.
Бесплатно
Russian Literature of the Republic of Komi: the problems of history and modern condition issues
Статья научная
The following problems are considered in the report the genesis and character of the historic development of Russian regional literature in the 20th century; the cultural mediation between Russian and Komi literature (typical trends are the interest to the foreign environment and the principle of tolerance); the problem of the relations between the literature of the «centre» and of the region (regional literature is the «ground» which suppresses the superfluous experiment and the radical innovations of the literature of the «centre»).
Бесплатно
