Journal articles - Arctic and North
All articles: 1028
Scientific article
The paper describes the history of discovery and study of karst formations of the European North of Russia. More than 100 karst formations have been identified. The main periods in the history of exploration of caves and grottoes of the Pechora Urals are reflected. The first caves descriptions which were made by travellers and scientists in the 18th-19th centuries are given. During that period the most famous caves were Uninskaya and Kaninskaya caves. The main karst formations were discovered and described at the beginning of the 20th century. Geologist V.N. Mamontov discovered 4 caves on the Pervokamennaya River. Systematic geological studies by V.A. Varsanofyeva in the Northern Urals allowed her to discover small karst formations in the upper reaches of the Pechora on the Ilych and Unya rivers. In 1960, B.I. Guslitzer discovered the largest cave in the Northern Urals — the Medvezhya Cave. Promising and little-studied areas of karst are the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra, the Polar and Nether-Polar Urals, Pai-Hoi and Timan. Only a few small caves and grottoes are known on these territories. Most of the karst is located in specially protected areas. The caves are unique paleontological monuments of nature. The funds of the A.A. Chernov Geological Museum of the Institute of Geology contain 12 monographic collections of paleofaunistic material with a volume of more than 30 thousand storage units. The remains of vertebrate caves consist of bones of mammoth fauna and small mammals.
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Preservation of the Nenets Language in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Based on Sociological Survey
Scientific article
The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted in 2022 in the city of Naryan-Mar, as well as in the villages of Nelmin Nos and Krasnoe of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Based on the results of interviews with specialists and experts in the field of the Nenets language, working in education and culture, as well as in the relevant executive authorities of the Okrug, conclusions about the preservation of the Nenets language in the region were made. Particular attention is paid to the respondents’ perceptions of such aspects of the language situation as the use of the Nenets language by different population groups in various spheres of life, intergenerational transmission, the presence of the language in public space and on the Internet, and the motivation of the population to learn and use the language. The study resulted in recommendations for the preservation of the Nenets language in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, taking into account the linguistic situation in the region, as well as Russian and foreign practices for the preservation of small languages. The following are proposed as priority areas of work: (1) organizing systematic work to preserve and improve the status of the Nenets language in the Okrug; (2) supporting workplaces, initiatives, organizations and individuals involved in the preservation of language and culture; (3) creating an attractive language environment, especially in the digital sphere (the Internet), with a focus on primary school children; (4) supporting communities, especially reindeer herding communities and agricultural production cooperatives, where the language is used and its intergenerational transmission is maintained.
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Prevention and Resolution of Constitutional Conflicts in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
Scientific article
Stable development and security of the Arctic zone of Russia demand effective resolution and prevention of conflicts. The purpose of this study is to determine the main parameters of the legal model for the prevention and resolution of conflicts, including the development of methodological foundations and the elaboration of the terminological field. The main research methods are legal modeling and special methods of conflict research conducted by general, legal and constitutional conflictology. The main conclusions of the study are that stable peace and civil harmony are the result of the processes of managing, preventing and resolving conflicts. The role of law is manifested in the fact that it not only resolves the conflict, but also performs an integrative, conciliatory and stimulating function. Due to the scale and public nature of the possible consequences, special attention should be paid to the prevention and resolution of constitutional conflicts, which predetermines the increasing role of constitutional law in ensuring peace in the Arctic zone. The results of the research indicate the presence of five interrelated levels, structural and direct conflict prevention should be carried out at every level. Conflict resolution is also a complex process, the methods and mechanisms of resolution need to be supplemented and adapted, taking into account the peculiarities of conflict in the Arctic zone. The author demonstrates the interrelation between the processes of socio-economic development and ensuring peace and civil harmony, presents recommendations for improving the existing legal model.
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Priorities and opportunities of cooperation between Russia and the Asian-Pacific states
Scientific article
Potential role and significance of the Arctic and North of Russia, Siberia and Far East for integration in the Asian-Pacific region (APR) are undoubtedly increasing. A need for defining the priorities of the North-East areas of our country emerges. Development of the infrastructure, resource use effectiveness and attractiveness for investors is a significant issue that contributes to the competitive abilities of the Russian economy and mutually beneficial international trade in the APR.
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Priorities of the strategic management and planning of the Northern Sea Route
Scientific article
The article is devoted to the analysis of the main socioeconomic indicators of 10 subjects of the Russian Federation, with the coastal areas adjacent to the water area of the Northern Sea Route. The author studied the strategy of socio-economic development of the North and Far East Russia. The planned development of the NSR provides alignment of a unified system of public-private management of transportation artery and the implementation of other strategic activities. It is necessary to establish a single governing body, modernization of the Arctic transport system, production of high-tech products and marine technology for the home market, building a rear port infrastructure, container terminals, customs warehouses and logistics centers.
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Private expediters on the social services in the Northern regions of Russia
Scientific article
The article describes the main features and trends in private financing of the social expenditures in the Russian North. The estimation of the perspectives for the change in the structure of financing.
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Problems and Importance of Tourism Development in the Arctic
Scientific article
In the current conditions, the development of Arctic tourism is becoming strategically important for the socio-economic growth of the northern territories. This study focuses on analyzing the potential and prospects for the development of tourism activities in the Arctic region, taking into account international experience and Russian specifics. The article discusses the key areas of development of Arctic tourism: cultural, educational, gastronomic, event and environmental. Particular attention is paid to the institutional environment and legal regulation of tourism activities in the Arctic territories of Russia in comparison with international practices. Based on a comprehensive analysis, the main challenges and barriers to the development of Arctic tourism have been identified, including insufficient infrastructure development, seasonality, transport accessibility and the need to preserve fragile ecosystems. An assessment of the tourism potential of the Arctic territories has been carried out, considering the natural and climatic features, the cultural heritage of indigenous peoples, and the unique natural sites. As a result of the research, specific recommendations have been proposed for government agencies and business structures on the formation of an effective system for the development of Arctic tourism. Special emphasis is placed on the need to introduce innovative approaches to the organization of tourism activities, the creation of modern infrastructure, and the development of unique tourism products that meet international standards of quality and safety. The research materials can be used in the formulation of tourism development programs in the Arctic regions of Russia.
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Scientific article
The strategic geopolitical importance of the Arctic and its environmental vulnerability require special attention to the sustainability of the Arctic local economies. In this study, we have proposed a system of sustainable development goals (SDGs) and indicators, adapted for the Arctic local economy. The testing of the proposed methodology on the example of Shuryshkarskiy district (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia) allowed analyzing the problems and prospects of development of the local economy in the context of SDGs. The analysis reveals a significant gap between the current state, transformation trends of the Shuryshkarskiy district and the required state, the vector of its sustainable development, in accordance with the SDGs and the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. The proposed analytical methodology has high potential for the analysis of problems and prospects for the sustainable development of Arctic local economies. However, the system of local SDGs and indicators, the data collection system and the structure of municipal databases and municipal management processes require their correlation and integration.
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Scientific article
The Far North is the most important territory for Russia, which largely determines the pace and prospects of socio-economic development. This means that its development requires special attention. One of the main drivers for the development of the Far North is the system of general education, which meets the needs of the society and the economy of the macro region. The article considers it in two ways. First, a comparison is made between the Far North and the rest of the country of the dynamics of indicators that characterize the training of the most talented and motivated children. For this purpose, the number of winners and prize-winners of the all-Russian subject Olympiads since the academic year 2011/2012 is analyzed. It is shown that their number is significantly lower than the national average. Second, the dynamics of number of educational institutions, children attending them, and teachers working there are considered. The conclusion is made about the significant deterioration of the indicators, which is associated primarily with unfavorable demographic dynamics. The problems faced by the education system are considered and measures aimed at improving the situation are proposed. The most important of them are the concentration of efforts on the development of the mass system of general education, preparing children for work and living in rural areas, and improving the information support of the implemented policy.
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Problems and prospects of Atlantic salmon mariculture development in the Russian Arctic
Scientific article
The authors present the volume of Atlantic salmon farming in the world and in the Russian Arctic. It shows the reasons that hamper the development of salmonid mariculture in the Russian Arctic: the lack of own planting material adapted to Arctic waters, high-quality fodder, fish diseases and others. Objectives of the article: to show the peculiarities of natural and socio-economic conditions of mariculture development in the Russian Arctic and the impact of Atlantic salmon mariculture on import substitution. Relevance stems from the need to substantiate the sources of import substitution of salmon products. The most important results: the main factors that reduce the economic efficiency of growing and selling products were found; the possible causes of salmon diseases in the Russian Arctic and their impact on production processes were systematized, the possible impact of caged fish farming on the environment and on the population of salmon in the Arctic zone was shown. Practical significance: the article shows the influence of possible escapes of farmed salmon on the socio-economic conditions of the population of the Terskiy coast of the Murmansk region and the White Sea basin. It is proposed to introduce Atlantic GM salmon into the composition of genetically modified products. It is shown that import substitution is fully provided by Atlantic salmon mariculture and the supply of wild salmon from the Far East to the European part of Russia.
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Scientific article
The article analyses the results of the 27th St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF-2024). The focus of the Forum was reflected in its motto “The basis of multipolarity is the formation of new growth centers”. Discussions on the Arctic agenda were presented at SPIEF-2024 during 3 days. RAS researchers V.P. Zhuravel and N.A. Nevskaya were participants in a number of SPIEF-2024 sessions as part of the Arctic Seminar events at the Institute of Europe of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The Forum devoted two panels to Arctic issues: “The Northern Sea Route: Expanding Arctic Horizons” and “The Arctic Plan. International Perspective”. Arctic issues were also raised at the discussion panels “Climate Agenda of the EAEU, SCO, BRICS: Partnership for Sustainable Development”, “Inclusive Growth for a Sustainable Future”, etc., as well as in speeches and interviews for the media by governors of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation and officials of the Ministry of Eastern Development and Rosatom State Corporation, who represented the position of the authorities. The view of business was reflected mainly by representatives of a Chinese transport company, as well as heads of large Russian enterprises operating in the Arctic region. Based on the review of panel discussions and conversations with Forum participants, the main results of the dialogue between the government and business on issues of economic support for Arctic projects and directions for stimulating industries in the Arctic zone in accordance with the stated priorities are revealed. The role of state regulation of the economy in the Arctic is shown.
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Problems of Improving the Socio-Economic Efficiency of Fishing Activities in the Arctic
Scientific article
The data on the growth of prices for Arctic fish species in 2015, 2018, compared to 2013, the period of the relatively “hard” ruble, are presented. The reasons for the price increase are shown. An important one is the replacement of the “historical” method of providing biological resources to fishermen with the “auction” one, since it is associated with payment for the right to harvest. This leads to an increase in production costs and prices for fish products, as well as to a decrease in fish consumption by the population. Objectives of the article: to develop proposals to increase the supply of products from Arctic fish to Russian markets (primarily to the markets of the North-West of the country) and to reduce their prices. The relevance of the article is due to the lack of practical measures to reduce the prices of Arctic fish products and increase consumption. The most important results: the author's proposals to stimulate increased sales of fish products in Russia provided by the fish products of the Northern basin are substantiated. Practical significance: it is shown that the use of the developed proposals will reduce consumer prices for fish products, an increase in visits of fishing vessels to Arctic ports and unloading of fish products will lead to a multiplier effect by improving the activities of fish processing enterprises and servicing the fishing fleet.
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Problems of Rational Island Management in the Arctic
Scientific article
This article reports on the main environmental chal-lenges for northern insular territories. Here you can find the national approaches to these problems, with possibilities of regional cooperation in universal island policy implementation with regard to ecological limitations being specified.
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Problems of the Arctic traditional industries in Yakutia
Scientific article
The transformations taking place in Russia since the 90s have changed both the political and economic and social systems of the country. Privatization led to a loss of manageability of all agriculture, but significantly negatively affected the traditional agricultural sectors of Yakutia. The transformation of organizational and legal forms and the transition to small-scale production negatively affected animal husbandry as the main occupation of the republic's indigenous population. Despite government support for traditional industries, there has been no positive change. Of particular concern is the implementation of large industrial projects in the Arctic. The subject of the study is factors and trends affecting the socio-economic situation and the development of traditional industries. The goal is to determine the features and patterns of the development of traditional industries and assess the impact of ongoing transformations in the Arctic on their condition. The research hypothesis is the assumption of insufficient state regulation measures and mutually beneficial economic relations with business in the industrial development of the Arctic. The results of the studies showed the need to increase the attention of all levels of government in deciding on the development of a particular territory of the Arctic and identifying such rules and mechanisms for companies that should not only ensure the preservation of agricultural industries, but also improve the quality and standard of living of the population. The research methodology is based on system analysis using economic and statistical methods, analytical and computational algorithms for processing information on the development of agro-industrial complex and changing dynamics, including content analysis.
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Processes of institutionalization of youth cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region
Scientific article
The process of formation and strengthening of the youth cooperation structure in the framework of the two-level Barents Euro‐Arctic Region organization system is reviewed in the article.
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Professional and Qualification Asymmetries in the Labor Market of the Northern Regions of Russia
Scientific article
The article examines issues related to the correspondence between the qualitative characteristics of the employed population and their jobs. The practice of hiring workers with inadequate qualifications leads to additional costs for both the enterprise and the workers themselves. When this situation becomes widespread, the resulting losses are also felt at the meso- and macrolevels. The aim of this work is to develop tools for assessing the consistency of the professional and qualification characteristics of the employed population with the requirements of jobs. The object of the study is the labor market in the northern regions of Russia. The main source of information is the results of the Labor Force Survey conducted by Rosstat in 2022. The main occupational groups are assigned a corresponding level of qualification. Based on this, qualification asymmetry coefficients are calculated for each of the regions of northern Russia. The level of useful qualification asymmetry has been identified, expressed as a stock of competencies equal to one qualification level. In this case, more highly qualified workers ensure an increase in the level of equipment and efficiency of production processes, while workers with insufficient qualifications have the opportunity to improve their qualifications directly in the workplace. In this study, professional asymmetry is determined by respondents’ subjective assessment of the connection between their current job and their profession. The results presented can be used to monitor the situation in the labor market and education, which will allow for more effective use of the labor potential of the population.
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Professional self determination of the students of NArFU named after M. V. Lomonosov
Scientific article
The article analyzes the professional self-determination of the students. Special attention is paid to the history and the development of NArFU named after M. V. Lomonosov formed on the basis of the Arkhangelsk State Technical University. Mentioned work on different aspects of the professional representation.
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Scientific article
In the article analyzes the problems of complexity in relations to the economic development of the northern territories of the USSR, which are rich in natural and mineral resources, and explores the possibility of using historical experience in a modern innovation policy.
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Promising Directions of Technological Transformation of Northern Reindeer Husbandry in Russia
Scientific article
The prolonged decline in northern reindeer husbandry is reflected in a reduction of the number of reindeer and the low economic efficiency of the sector. State support for reindeer farms, provided in the form of compensation for up to 95% of operational costs, ensures only the maintenance of current activities, without creating conditions for the development and modernization of production. This practice dates back to Soviet times and has been going on for many decades. In this regard, it is necessary to apply radically new approaches to the organization of production activities. The article presents an analysis of promising areas of technological transformation of the sector, including transition to fenced pasturing, introduction of deep processing of products, and creation of high value-added products. Technological transformation requires significant investments. Will it be possible to cover these costs in the foreseeable future? To answer this question, the article presents the results of a study using the example of a pilot investment project that is planned to be implemented in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The analysis of the project aims to identify the conditions that could ensure its financial viability and economic efficiency. This has resulted in the formation and testing of a methodological approach to evaluating the prospects of such projects, based on previously conducted research. The developed recommendations on the industry’s self-financing and increasing its competitiveness can be widely used to create favorable conditions for the sector to overcome the crisis and for sustainable development of the Arctic regions.
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