Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 907
Population of the Komi Republic: From the 1897 Census to the 2021 Census
Статья научная
This article examines the population censuses conducted in the Russian Empire, the USSR and the new Russia; it reveals the peculiarities and methodological apparatus of each population census, presents the main questions of census lists, their comparability with previous censuses, notes new questions and explains their application. Thus, in the 2010 population census, the term “household” was introduced in the question on kinship (property) with other persons living with the respondent; in the question on marriage status, the concepts “officially divorced” and “separated” were differentiated; the levels of education and the presence of a degree were highlighted; the results of population censuses are given according to statistical data for the Komi Republic. The results of the population censuses of 1939 and 1959, which made it possible to assess the scale of forced migration to the Komi region, are separately considered. For each population census, the timing of its conduction and the critical moment are given, it is explained why certain population censuses were carried out not in the “zero” year, as is customary in most countries of the world, but in other years. Particular attention is paid to the 2021 census, it has been postponed for one year due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Статья научная
Today, Russia and China are each other’s most important partners in the international arena. The article discusses such an important area of their relations as interaction in the Arctic region and evolution of its development. In recent years, the role of analytic centers has grown, especially as the world faces complex global challenges such as climate change, economic inequality and political polarization. That is why the positions of the expert and analytical community of the Russian Federation and China on the issue of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic are of great interest in the article. In particular, the concept of “think tanks” is considered, the expert and analytical communities of Russia and China are studied, the developments of Russian and Chinese “think tanks” in such key areas as the development of natural resources of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic, including the Northern Sea Route, scientific and technological cooperation. The article identifies similarities and differences in the views of Russian and Chinese scientists on these issues. The article considers the period from the beginning of Russian-Chinese co-operation in the Far North up to the present time, that is, approximately for the last 10 years.
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Possibilities of Arctic Oil Transportation to the Refineries of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Статья научная
Communications play an important role in the economic development of states and regions, in the development of new markets by connecting distributed areas of economic activity. The modern sanction economy is characterised by the change of economic partners and, accordingly, communication directions. Thus, the vector of Arctic oil exports is shifting to the Asia-Pacific region, which increases the role of maritime communications for its transport. At the same time, from a practical point of view, it can be assumed that Arctic oil can become one of the resources of domestic refineries. The aim of the study was to consider the possibilities of providing the oldest oil refining complex of the Republic of Bashkortostan with Arctic oil and to build a basic scheme of spatial organisation of communications linking the economic space of Russia. Achievement of the set goal required the solution of the following tasks: to determine the role of Russia in the world oil exports on the basis of “bp Statistical Review of World Energy”; to conduct a comprehensive analysis of studies of domestic scientists on the issues of oil production, sales and refining, as well as promising Arctic offshore projects; and to consider the features of the oil refining industry of Russia and, in particular, the Republic of Bashkortostan. As a result of the research, the conclusions about the prospectivity of Arctic oil production and about the possibilities of its delivery to the refineries of the Republic of Bashkortostan have been obtained; for these purposes, a principal scheme of spatial organisation of communications linking oil deliveries from Arctic offshore fields to refineries in Ufa of the Republic of Bashkortostan has been developed.
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Статья научная
The authors consider the concept and description of the Northern Sea Route (NSR), the main preconditions for the development of the export in the Russian Arctic when using the NSR. The concept and analysis of coastal transport using Arctic vessels and the forecast conclusions on possible Arctic projects are discussed. System for the development of the Russian Arctic export, coastal transport, and project cargo include rail and sea freight transport systems. The purpose of the article is to analyze the data on transport systems, as well as to determine the critical prospects for their development in Russia, considering a new concept - the Northern Sea Transport Corridor. It is the national transport communication of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the development of the Arctic cargo flow in the Northern Sea Route is mainly connected with the projects for the development of mineral resources in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. For the transshipment of hydrocarbon raw materials and ores from the Northern Sea Route area, the ports of the Barents Sea are used. In the future, a significant role will be played by LNG transshipment in the ports of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Murmansk (Marine LNG transshipment complex). Also, it is planned to use the port of Indiga for the transshipment of coal from Western Taimyr. The NSR shipment ports and transshipment ports form a single transport chain and require coordinated management.
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Статья научная
The paper describes the history of discovery and study of karst formations of the European North of Russia. More than 100 karst formations have been identified. The main periods in the history of exploration of caves and grottoes of the Pechora Urals are reflected. The first caves descriptions which were made by travellers and scientists in the 18th-19th centuries are given. During that period the most famous caves were Uninskaya and Kaninskaya caves. The main karst formations were discovered and described at the beginning of the 20th century. Geologist V.N. Mamontov discovered 4 caves on the Pervokamennaya River. Systematic geological studies by V.A. Varsanofyeva in the Northern Urals allowed her to discover small karst formations in the upper reaches of the Pechora on the Ilych and Unya rivers. In 1960, B.I. Guslitzer discovered the largest cave in the Northern Urals — the Medvezhya Cave. Promising and little-studied areas of karst are the Bolshezemelskaya Tundra, the Polar and Nether-Polar Urals, Pai-Hoi and Timan. Only a few small caves and grottoes are known on these territories. Most of the karst is located in specially protected areas. The caves are unique paleontological monuments of nature. The funds of the A.A. Chernov Geological Museum of the Institute of Geology contain 12 monographic collections of paleofaunistic material with a volume of more than 30 thousand storage units. The remains of vertebrate caves consist of bones of mammoth fauna and small mammals.
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Preservation of the Nenets Language in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug: Based on Sociological Survey
Статья научная
The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted in 2022 in the city of Naryan-Mar, as well as in the villages of Nelmin Nos and Krasnoe of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Based on the results of interviews with specialists and experts in the field of the Nenets language, working in education and culture, as well as in the relevant executive authorities of the Okrug, conclusions about the preservation of the Nenets language in the region were made. Particular attention is paid to the respondents’ perceptions of such aspects of the language situation as the use of the Nenets language by different population groups in various spheres of life, intergenerational transmission, the presence of the language in public space and on the Internet, and the motivation of the population to learn and use the language. The study resulted in recommendations for the preservation of the Nenets language in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, taking into account the linguistic situation in the region, as well as Russian and foreign practices for the preservation of small languages. The following are proposed as priority areas of work: (1) organizing systematic work to preserve and improve the status of the Nenets language in the Okrug; (2) supporting workplaces, initiatives, organizations and individuals involved in the preservation of language and culture; (3) creating an attractive language environment, especially in the digital sphere (the Internet), with a focus on primary school children; (4) supporting communities, especially reindeer herding communities and agricultural production cooperatives, where the language is used and its intergenerational transmission is maintained.
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Prevention and Resolution of Constitutional Conflicts in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
Статья научная
Stable development and security of the Arctic zone of Russia demand effective resolution and prevention of conflicts. The purpose of this study is to determine the main parameters of the legal model for the prevention and resolution of conflicts, including the development of methodological foundations and the elaboration of the terminological field. The main research methods are legal modeling and special methods of conflict research conducted by general, legal and constitutional conflictology. The main conclusions of the study are that stable peace and civil harmony are the result of the processes of managing, preventing and resolving conflicts. The role of law is manifested in the fact that it not only resolves the conflict, but also performs an integrative, conciliatory and stimulating function. Due to the scale and public nature of the possible consequences, special attention should be paid to the prevention and resolution of constitutional conflicts, which predetermines the increasing role of constitutional law in ensuring peace in the Arctic zone. The results of the research indicate the presence of five interrelated levels, structural and direct conflict prevention should be carried out at every level. Conflict resolution is also a complex process, the methods and mechanisms of resolution need to be supplemented and adapted, taking into account the peculiarities of conflict in the Arctic zone. The author demonstrates the interrelation between the processes of socio-economic development and ensuring peace and civil harmony, presents recommendations for improving the existing legal model.
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Priorities and opportunities of cooperation between Russia and the Asian-Pacific states
Статья научная
Potential role and significance of the Arctic and North of Russia, Siberia and Far East for integration in the Asian-Pacific region (APR) are undoubtedly increasing. A need for defining the priorities of the North-East areas of our country emerges. Development of the infrastructure, resource use effectiveness and attractiveness for investors is a significant issue that contributes to the competitive abilities of the Russian economy and mutually beneficial international trade in the APR.
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Priorities of the strategic management and planning of the Northern Sea Route
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the analysis of the main socioeconomic indicators of 10 subjects of the Russian Federation, with the coastal areas adjacent to the water area of the Northern Sea Route. The author studied the strategy of socio-economic development of the North and Far East Russia. The planned development of the NSR provides alignment of a unified system of public-private management of transportation artery and the implementation of other strategic activities. It is necessary to establish a single governing body, modernization of the Arctic transport system, production of high-tech products and marine technology for the home market, building a rear port infrastructure, container terminals, customs warehouses and logistics centers.
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Private expediters on the social services in the Northern regions of Russia
Статья научная
The article describes the main features and trends in private financing of the social expenditures in the Russian North. The estimation of the perspectives for the change in the structure of financing.
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Статья научная
The strategic geopolitical importance of the Arctic and its environmental vulnerability require special attention to the sustainability of the Arctic local economies. In this study, we have proposed a system of sustainable development goals (SDGs) and indicators, adapted for the Arctic local economy. The testing of the proposed methodology on the example of Shuryshkarskiy district (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia) allowed analyzing the problems and prospects of development of the local economy in the context of SDGs. The analysis reveals a significant gap between the current state, transformation trends of the Shuryshkarskiy district and the required state, the vector of its sustainable development, in accordance with the SDGs and the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. The proposed analytical methodology has high potential for the analysis of problems and prospects for the sustainable development of Arctic local economies. However, the system of local SDGs and indicators, the data collection system and the structure of municipal databases and municipal management processes require their correlation and integration.
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Статья научная
The Far North is the most important territory for Russia, which largely determines the pace and prospects of socio-economic development. This means that its development requires special attention. One of the main drivers for the development of the Far North is the system of general education, which meets the needs of the society and the economy of the macro region. The article considers it in two ways. First, a comparison is made between the Far North and the rest of the country of the dynamics of indicators that characterize the training of the most talented and motivated children. For this purpose, the number of winners and prize-winners of the all-Russian subject Olympiads since the academic year 2011/2012 is analyzed. It is shown that their number is significantly lower than the national average. Second, the dynamics of number of educational institutions, children attending them, and teachers working there are considered. The conclusion is made about the significant deterioration of the indicators, which is associated primarily with unfavorable demographic dynamics. The problems faced by the education system are considered and measures aimed at improving the situation are proposed. The most important of them are the concentration of efforts on the development of the mass system of general education, preparing children for work and living in rural areas, and improving the information support of the implemented policy.
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Problems and prospects of Atlantic salmon mariculture development in the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The authors present the volume of Atlantic salmon farming in the world and in the Russian Arctic. It shows the reasons that hamper the development of salmonid mariculture in the Russian Arctic: the lack of own planting material adapted to Arctic waters, high-quality fodder, fish diseases and others. Objectives of the article: to show the peculiarities of natural and socio-economic conditions of mariculture development in the Russian Arctic and the impact of Atlantic salmon mariculture on import substitution. Relevance stems from the need to substantiate the sources of import substitution of salmon products. The most important results: the main factors that reduce the economic efficiency of growing and selling products were found; the possible causes of salmon diseases in the Russian Arctic and their impact on production processes were systematized, the possible impact of caged fish farming on the environment and on the population of salmon in the Arctic zone was shown. Practical significance: the article shows the influence of possible escapes of farmed salmon on the socio-economic conditions of the population of the Terskiy coast of the Murmansk region and the White Sea basin. It is proposed to introduce Atlantic GM salmon into the composition of genetically modified products. It is shown that import substitution is fully provided by Atlantic salmon mariculture and the supply of wild salmon from the Far East to the European part of Russia.
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Problems of Improving the Socio-Economic Efficiency of Fishing Activities in the Arctic
Статья научная
The data on the growth of prices for Arctic fish species in 2015, 2018, compared to 2013, the period of the relatively “hard” ruble, are presented. The reasons for the price increase are shown. An important one is the replacement of the “historical” method of providing biological resources to fishermen with the “auction” one, since it is associated with payment for the right to harvest. This leads to an increase in production costs and prices for fish products, as well as to a decrease in fish consumption by the population. Objectives of the article: to develop proposals to increase the supply of products from Arctic fish to Russian markets (primarily to the markets of the North-West of the country) and to reduce their prices. The relevance of the article is due to the lack of practical measures to reduce the prices of Arctic fish products and increase consumption. The most important results: the author's proposals to stimulate increased sales of fish products in Russia provided by the fish products of the Northern basin are substantiated. Practical significance: it is shown that the use of the developed proposals will reduce consumer prices for fish products, an increase in visits of fishing vessels to Arctic ports and unloading of fish products will lead to a multiplier effect by improving the activities of fish processing enterprises and servicing the fishing fleet.
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Problems of Rational Island Management in the Arctic
Статья научная
This article reports on the main environmental chal-lenges for northern insular territories. Here you can find the national approaches to these problems, with possibilities of regional cooperation in universal island policy implementation with regard to ecological limitations being specified.
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Problems of the Arctic traditional industries in Yakutia
Статья научная
The transformations taking place in Russia since the 90s have changed both the political and economic and social systems of the country. Privatization led to a loss of manageability of all agriculture, but significantly negatively affected the traditional agricultural sectors of Yakutia. The transformation of organizational and legal forms and the transition to small-scale production negatively affected animal husbandry as the main occupation of the republic's indigenous population. Despite government support for traditional industries, there has been no positive change. Of particular concern is the implementation of large industrial projects in the Arctic. The subject of the study is factors and trends affecting the socio-economic situation and the development of traditional industries. The goal is to determine the features and patterns of the development of traditional industries and assess the impact of ongoing transformations in the Arctic on their condition. The research hypothesis is the assumption of insufficient state regulation measures and mutually beneficial economic relations with business in the industrial development of the Arctic. The results of the studies showed the need to increase the attention of all levels of government in deciding on the development of a particular territory of the Arctic and identifying such rules and mechanisms for companies that should not only ensure the preservation of agricultural industries, but also improve the quality and standard of living of the population. The research methodology is based on system analysis using economic and statistical methods, analytical and computational algorithms for processing information on the development of agro-industrial complex and changing dynamics, including content analysis.
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Processes of institutionalization of youth cooperation in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region
Статья научная
The process of formation and strengthening of the youth cooperation structure in the framework of the two-level Barents Euro‐Arctic Region organization system is reviewed in the article.
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Professional self determination of the students of NArFU named after M. V. Lomonosov
Статья научная
The article analyzes the professional self-determination of the students. Special attention is paid to the history and the development of NArFU named after M. V. Lomonosov formed on the basis of the Arkhangelsk State Technical University. Mentioned work on different aspects of the professional representation.
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Статья научная
In the article analyzes the problems of complexity in relations to the economic development of the northern territories of the USSR, which are rich in natural and mineral resources, and explores the possibility of using historical experience in a modern innovation policy.
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