Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 940
Overview of Arctic policies and strategies
Статья научная
The scientific report Arctic Policies and Strategies - Analysis, Synthesis and Trends delivers a holistic analysis of the policies, strategies, and declarations of relevant Arctic stakeholders, and new / emerging trends of Arctic governance and geopolitics at the 2020s. The analysis, using quantitative and qualitative methods, is based on a coding of the text of 56 policy documents (in 1996-2019). It considers how different Arctic actors address issues around the following indicators: human dimension, governance, international cooperation, environmental protection, pollution, climate change, security, safety, economy, tourism, infrastructure, and science & education. The study shows that the most-coded quotes of Arctic States' policy documents relate to Governance, Economy, International Cooperation, Human Dimension, and Environmental Protection included Pollution and Climate Change. Those of Indigenous Peoples Organizations explicitly address issues surrounding Indigenous rights, Governance and ‘Traditional knowledge.' The most-quoted indicators of Observer states are Science & Education, International Cooperation and Economy. The overall trends of Arctic governance and geopolitics are: i) Ambivalence of Arctic development, including ‘political inability,' whenever a balance is sought between environmental protection and economy; ii) The domination of states within the Arctic territory due to geopolitical stability and sovereignty vis-à-vis globalization; iii) Focus on science for problem-solving due to climate change; iv) Close interrelationship between the Arctic and Space (digital security, meteorology) due to globalization and rapidly advancing climate change in the Arctic.
Бесплатно
Overview of International Standards and Russian Legislation on Climate Change Adaptation
Статья научная
The article provides a brief overview of international legal standards and Russian legislation in the field of climate change adaptation. Currently, states are adopting the so-called “climate adaptation plans” and “strategies”, each of which has its own specifics depending on the country, economics, population and the challenges they are caused by. The author aims to reveal the key provisions of the Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement in the context of climate change adaptation, the role of UNEP in the UN system on this issue, as well as the standard forms of “national plans”, which are proposed as framework by international organizations. It is concluded that the majority of international treaties do not attempt to impose a single standard of climate adaptation commitments for all countries without exception, but adopt a flexible approach for specific groups of countries. A review of existing practices on this issue is made, depending on the climatic zone and existing domestic institutions. A separate part is devoted to the Russian legal system in the field of climate adaptation, from legal support to the stages of implementation of the national plan.
Бесплатно
Overview of the recent US legislative initiatives for the Arctic development
Статья научная
In conditions of a significant increase in the world community’s attention to the Arctic, as well as intensive development of technologies for its study and development, the low activity of the USA in this area is noteworthy. The article is devoted to a review of some aspects of the US home policy in the Arctic. It also contains an analysis of two bills submitted to the US Congress aimed at increasing the economic presence in the Arctic region. The author notes the increasing scientific and practical interest of the Alaska political elites in the study and development of the Arctic.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The collection of the material was produced by the conventional method in July 1992, and 2004 from Crooked Lake to Kolguev rivers Sea-U and Halmer-U, August 2003 − from the Kara. We studied 63 copies minnow 1+. In the studied reservoirs parasitofauna minnow impoverished and largely random nature, community immature parasites. In July and August, the community formed parasites.
Бесплатно
Participation of India in the Arctic Council
Статья научная
The purpose of the article is to examine India’s participation in the work of the Arctic Council by analyzing three criteria: the number of delegates sent by India to the meetings of the Arctic Council’s Senior Arctic Officials; the number of projects in which India participates as part of the Council’s working groups; the content of these projects and their distribution among the Council’s groups. The lists of participants in the meetings of the Senior Arctic Officials and the reports India provided to the Arctic Council were studied to identify the indicators. A systematic approach was used as a methodological basis; methods included analysis of documents, comparative analysis, generalization and synthesis. The following conclusions were made on the basis of the results of studying the documents: the composition of India’s delegation to the meetings of Senior Officials is represented by a smaller number of participants compared to the delegations of other Asian observer countries of the Council, which indicates that India’s environmental policy in the Arctic is not fully formed. Compared to the period 2017-2019, there was a sharp increase in the number of projects in which India participates as part of its activities in the Arctic Council in 2019-2021, which is associated with its re-election as an observer, as well as with internal institutional changes in the country. India shows the greatest interest in the projects of the AMAP, CAFF and PAME working groups, which correlates with the national document published in 2013 and the international commitments made. India is participating in ACAP and SDWG due to its climate and energy policies. India does not participate in EPPR projects. India has not yet fully exploited its potential in the work of the Arctic Council. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its findings to further build a dialogue with India; its conclusions can form the basis of future scientific research.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The Gaidar Forum materials review aimed to clarify the situation with the searching for a new model of international partnership in the Arctic.
Бесплатно
Pechora routes of the Northern scientific and commercial expedition
Статья научная
The article considers the history and the study of the Russian North completed by the Northern scientific and commercial expedition. The main directions of research and the versatility of expeditions in 1920-1924 are reflected. The geological problems that were solved by expeditions to the Arctic territories of the northeastern part of the East European platform, the Timan Ridge, and the northern part of the Ural fold system with its continuing island chain (Vaigach and Novaya Zemlya) are considered. The theoretical conclusions of A.A. Chernov are reflected. The existence of a vast coal basin, the discovery of a great amount of mineral deposits, the mapping of the North of the Urals, and the area near the Pechora are recorded. The results of the described ethnographic research are the first important components in the study of cultural heritage. Despite the multidisciplinary nature and the amount of research carried out in the Arctic, many expeditions were scattered and ineffective; the poor coordination of scientific research that time is also noted by modern researchers of the history of the Arctic development. In 1929, after the reorganization of the Geolkom, on its basis, the Main Geological Exploration Department was formed, and it continued numerous studies of the Pechora region.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
The article presents the results of a study of the peculiarities of financing the road economy of the Murmansk Oblast — the Arctic region, the development of transport, including road, infrastructure of which acquires particular importance in the light of the implementation of national interests and priority directions of Russian state policy in the Arctic. In the course of work, the author considered the dynamics of spending funds from the Road Fund of the Murmansk Oblast for 2012–2020. It has been determined that the existing volume of financing of the regional road infrastructure does not allow the region to fully implement the tasks of developing road infrastructure and improving the quality of highways (primarily local ones). It is concluded that additional funds are needed to finance the road infrastructure of the Arctic regions, including through the use of public-private partnership mechanisms. The results of the study can be used in the formation of a policy in the field of road facilities in the Murmansk Oblast, as well as in further research on the financial support of road activities and the functioning of road funds.
Бесплатно
Статья научная
At the beginning of 2020s, Germany has faced with the crisis of its strategic presence at the global level: primarily to the east and to the south of NATO zone of responsibility. The possibility to compensate the losses is to ensure powerful positions in the Arctic. Germany has tried to do it through cooperation with Norway. Other NATO member states also show interest in Norway as a potential “bridge” for strategic penetration to the Arctic Ocean. The article examines the security relations between official Berlin and Oslo since the second half of the 2010s, the quality and scope of cooperation. The preservation of Norway’s value in German foreign policy planning in the context of Finland’s (2023) and Sweden’s (2024) accession to NATO is explained. A high level of trust was characteristic of the dialogue at the highest level, remaining unchanged both under Angela Merkel and Erna Solberg and under their successors Olaf Scholz and Jonas Gahr Støre (since 2021). The Bundeswehr Mountain Brigade acquired the functions of Arctic troops as a result of its use in NATO exercises in Finnmark, Norway. The joint use of frigates in the Arctic and the prospects of unification of submarine fleets are considered. The main tracks of cooperation between Germany and Norway in the issues of NATO grouping, arms supplies to Ukraine and training of its armed forces personnel are revealed.
Бесплатно
Peculiarities of Territorial Population Mobility in Yakutia under COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions
Статья научная
The article discusses the special characteristics of the territorial mobility of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Changes in the migration situation, structure of migration and migration activity of the population in different social and economic zones of the region in the context of the coronavirus pandemic are analyzed. The analysis shows that the peculiarities of distribution of productive forces and human resources in the labor market retain a fairly high potential for labor migration to the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from the CIS countries and far abroad in the context of a pandemic, the share of arriving migrants indicating work among the reasons for migration continues to grow. The influence of socio-economic characteristics and urgent problems of the republic on the formation of migration activity and migration intentions of the population is considered. The article is based on the results of a mass survey in Yakutia (n=200). Analysis of the survey results shows that the features of territorial mobility, migration intentions of the population and absence of migration plans depend on the socio-economic conditions of residence, various factors of individual social status and position, and mobility resources. With mostly satisfactory assessments of the socio-economic situation in the republic and most factors of social life in the region, the respondents’ migration intentions are conditioned by low incomes and territorial specifics — remoteness from the central regions of the country, the high cost of air fares and harsh climatic conditions. In the pandemic conditions, the spatial mobility of the population, as one of the most important social resources of society, is most characteristic of the part of young people who have financial resources, unmarried, seeking better socio-economic and climatic conditions, to regions with better infrastructure, where they can get a decent job, quality education, medical services, recreation and leisure.
Бесплатно
People, who are living on the territory of 4 Arctic states — saami (lopari)
Статья научная
The article describes one of the largest and well-known people of the circumpolar space — sami. Particular attention is paid to the origin of the people, linguistic features, culture, beliefs, art, and social and political self-organization.
Бесплатно
Perception of Space and Sense of Place among Elderly Residents of the Solovetsky Village
Статья научная
Sensory-emotional perception of natural-architectural landscape is a collective phenomenon that depends on various factors. The natural and architectural space of the village of Solovetsky is distinguished by territorial isolation (island environment); marine type of natural and climatic conditions; consequences of the relatively late formation of the civilian population; rich religious history; location of special purpose places. In the conditions of the complex system of historical connections and the relative “youth” of the village, the population is in the stage of forming a “sense of place”. The architectural space of the settlement has been transformed many times and has not been characterised by a consistent linear development. Important transformational events were: the history of the monastery and its monastic services, the arrangement of the monastery space for the needs of the Solovetsky special purpose camp and the Solovetsky special purpose prison (1923–1939), further adaptation of the architectural space for the school of cabin boys and boatswains, a military unit, with subsequent transformation for civil settlement (1944). The transformational stages of architectural space are captured in the modern image of the village, which influences the formation of a “sense of place” among the population. This article examines and analyses the results of a survey of the elderly population of the Solovetsky village, identifying the features and patterns of sensoryemotional perception of space. Particular attention was paid to feelings of beauty, uniqueness, cleanliness, safety and friendliness among older respondents. The article concludes with recommendations for strengthening the “sense of place” — the psycho-emotional connection with the place of residence. These recommendations will improve the psycho-emotional climate in the village and the health of elderly residents.
Бесплатно
Perm Engineering and Industrial Forum
Статья научная
The article represents the review of materials of the Perm Engineering and Industry Forum held on the 6th-‐7th of November 2014 in Perm. The Forum represented a project of the federal scale, under which dozens of round tables and seminars on the future of the Russian industry were held. The issues discussed at the Forum and the Resolution are correlated with the new industrialization of the Russian Arctic and the North and with the sixth technological order transition period.
Бесплатно
Perspectives on Sámi historiography
Статья научная
The article focuses on Sámi history and historical methods. The main results and central aspects of Sámi history, in its relational context, are gone through. What effects and consequences — regarding both methodology and narrative styles — these aspects have had, and ought to have, for the processes of doing research on and writing Sámi history? The focus is on the politics of Sámi history and research. The issues, who is “allowed” to write Sámi history and the way Sámi research is demanded to stand in the service of different societalcultural needs of the Sámi is dealt with. This expectation of applicability concerns Sámi history in general, and the more delimited efforts of presenting situated accounts of Sámi cultural practices, traditions and experience with relations to other folk groups. Finally, methodological considerations and recommendations of Sámi history are presented, in which a number of methodological competences and in-depth usage of numerous source categories are called for.
Бесплатно
Planning the Development of Arctic Maritime Communications in the Era of Hybrid Warfare
Статья научная
Russia’s regional presence in the Arctic is the dominant goal of the country’s national maritime policy and is ensured by the level of development of the Arctic communications system, while the primary significance from the standpoint of national security belongs to the maritime component of this system, including the Northern Sea Route (NSR), which has the status of a national transport artery. The importance of the Arctic among the national interests of the country is confirmed by the current Maritime Doctrine of Russia 2022 and other strategic planning documents of recent years. The development of Arctic maritime communications is planned within the current horizons up to 2030 and 2036, both in terms of ensuring cargo turnover of the NSR (as the axial framework of Arctic maritime communications) and in the context of approving capital construction activities and facilities. Besides, the subject of planning is the development of the fleet, including icebreakers and reinforced ice-class vessels, which are rightfully a symbol of Russia’s Arctic maritime potential. The presence of these vessels together with military ships on the NSR and sea communications of the Arctic Ocean (AO) and the Arctic seas ensure the connectivity and integrity (both maritime and territorial) of the Arctic regional space. Therefore, the replenishment of the Arctic ice fleet in accordance with the needs of large oil and gas projects is of critical importance, especially in the era of hybrid confrontation between Russia and the countries of the “collective West”, which has already acquired obvious features of a full-fledged war.
Бесплатно
Plastic pollution tendencies of the Barents Sea and adjacent waters under the climate change
Статья научная
The article represents the analysis of the plastic pollution of water areas and coasts of the Barents Sea and adjacent waters based on foreign and Russian studies. The authors consider the influence of various factors, including climate change in the Arctic. The threat to various types of marine activities and the marine ecosystem from plastic pollution is evaluated. The emphasis is on the existing and potential damage to industrial fisheries in the Barents Sea and adjacent waters. An analysis of the regulatory and organizational and economic mechanisms for preventing plastic pollution of the Arctic seas and coasts of the Arctic Council member states and practices of their application is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the control and supervision over litter collection onboard and the efficiency of its disposal after delivery to the land. To improve the legal regulation of handling waste of production and consumption, it is justified to adopt the draft federal law “On secondary material resources”; to create a financial platform for the circular economy in analogy with the European Union and to develop technologies to increase the life cycle and reuse of goods made of plastic. To supplement to the activities of the “State Program Social and Economic Development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation” and the state programs for social and economic development of the Arctic, it is proposed to include various types of plastic in the list of hazardous pollutants of water areas and coasts of the Russian Arctic and to build facilities for processing of plastic wastes from fishing enterprises in the Arctic. Also, the regional authorities should encourage volunteering for cleaning coasts of the Barents Sea from garbage, incl. plastic.
Бесплатно
Policy of the Republic of Korea in the Polar Regions in 2023–2033
Статья научная
This article reviews the current state of the Arctic policy of the Republic of Korea, which, like other states, has increased interest in the Arctic region in recent years, as well as its plan of activities in the Arctic and Antarctic for the coming years. The Republic of Korea needs to gradually develop an Arctic strategy at the government level to promote national interests in the Arctic region. The scientific significance of the article is related to the translation into Russian and analysis of the “Polar Activities Promotion Act for 2023-2027”, published in February 2023 by the Korean Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion. The article discusses the content and timing of the country’s 3 main polar policies: research and discovery, climate change forecasting, and polar development. In addition, 5 main strategies for promoting the Republic of Korea in the polar region are discussed, including: expanding the area of research of the territory, developing plans to solve environmental and climate problems, creating a polar industrial base, creating a network of cooperation with foreign countries and between industrial and scientific organizations within the country, developing an interstate dialogue on polar activities.
Бесплатно
