Journal articles - Arctic and North
All articles: 1028
Scientific article
At the present stage, there is an intersection of interests and objectives among various departmental programs, leading to a “duplication” or overlap of the functions they perform. This becomes particularly relevant in the context of using information resources and systems that lack a unified management system and the capacity for real-time information exchange. The authors believe that existing resources and tools can be synchronized through the implementation of unmanned aerial systems (UAS), which will accelerate the development of regional markets and enhance the effectiveness of management decisions by operating within a unified framework. The article analyses the regulatory and legal acts related to the development of UAS in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. A number of problems have been identified, such as the lack of a systematic approach to the development of the unmanned aerial vehicle industry in the Arctic; the lack of correlation between regulatory acts, as well as between the bodies implementing these acts; the lack of expertise regarding the use of UAS in Arctic regions; the lack of a methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of UAS implementation; the lack of case studies on the implementation and use of UAS in harsh climatic conditions, which requires decisions to be taken in these areas. At the same time taking into account the peculiarities of the Arctic zone such as low population density, off-road conditions, and the high cost of transporting food, the authors consider it possible and economically feasible to use UAS. Economic efficiency can be achieved through a number of measures (reducing the cost of a flight hour, unifying digital material obtained using UAS, etc.), the assessment of which should be carried out on the basis of a unified methodology. The authors also propose establishing Arctic centers for the implementation and use of UAS, which will ensure the cost-effective use of drones.
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Reindeer Tracking Technologies in the Russian Federation
Scientific article
Currently, reindeer husbandry actively uses tracking technologies to identify animals. They allow solving the problems of breeding and zootechnical accounting, tracking the movement of animals between herds, and carrying out antiepizootic measures. The electronic databases with individual characteristics of reindeer formed in this process allow speeding up the breeding process, organising breeding work in reindeer breeding, improving the breed and regulating the herd. Keeping an electronic “registration” of calves to their mothers gives the possibility of system functioning of cross-breeding estimation of animals that will undoubtedly increase both productivity and economic efficiency of reindeer breeding as a whole. This article addresses an issue related to reindeer tracking technologies. Attention is paid to radio tracking and satellite tracking techniques. The use of modern methods of chipping animals is considered on the example of various territories of the Russian Federation: the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the Trans-Baikal Krai, the Murmansk Oblast, the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Republic of Karelia, the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The work carried out on deer chipping is considered for various time periods, during which monitoring, programs, projects and other large-scale studies of animal movement paths were carried out. The resulting data can then be processed using mathematical tools, after which conclusions can be drawn about the impact of the environment on reindeer migration routes.
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Relevant aspects of international legal regulation of the Arctic shipping
Scientific article
The critical aspects of the international legal regulation of shipping in the Arctic discussed on the international Arctic agenda are analyzed. The authors examine the specifics of the Northern Sea Route legal status from the perspective of the leading role of the Arctic coastal states and the possibilities for countries to specify at the national and regional levels the universal norms of international maritime law at the national and regional levels. The authors devoted much attention to the study of the UNCLOS 1982, Art. 234, which gives coastal states the right to adopt national laws and regulations to control pollution of the marine environment in ice-covered areas within exclusive economic zones. The article is one of the leading international legal grounds for the Russia's establishment of control over the NSR shipping. The Polar Code, entered into force in 2017, is examined separately. The article also presents expert opinions on navigation forecasts in the Arctic region.
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Religion and power in Yakutia: From the history of relations
Scientific article
The article contains analysis of the Soviet regime policy in its attitude to religion during first years of the Soviet modernization.
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Religious views and the problem of preservation mother tongue of the evenks
Scientific article
The description of religious beliefs, indicated the problem of preserving the native language of the evens.
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Scientific article
The article examines the consequences of the increase in average annual air temperatures and the permafrost degradation over the past decades for the population of the village of Argakhtakh, located in the Srednekolymskiy district of Yakutia, which belongs to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the author uses materials from field studies, documents from archival funds, and information presented in the scientific literature. It is noted that, by analogy with other northern rural settlements exposed to the negative impacts of environmental change, the population of the village of Argakhtakh faces a whole range of challenges as a result of such transformations. At the same time, it has been established that the remote location of this village leads to a significant increase in the risks to the sustainability of the life support system formed at the local level. In this case, the general threats are compounded by problems primarily linked to the inaccessibility of such settlements. As a result, difficulties arise not only with the maintenance of housing stock, outbuildings, and traditional economic activities, but the situation regarding transport accessibility is further exacerbated, and levels of food security and overall safety of daily life are reduced.
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Scientific article
Since the end of the last century, the northern and north-eastern regions of Russia have entered the final stage of demographic transition, in which the birth rate has fallen below the replacement level of generations, and the proportion of the elderly population has increased to its historical maximum against the background of a mass outflow of the working-age population to the central regions of the country. The demographic transition in this territory is heterogeneous and has its own specifics related to the structure of the economy and the nature of employment, migration flows, the historically established settlement pattern, unfavorable climatic and geographical conditions, and patterns of reproductive and consumer behavior. In order to study this specificity, 226 women aged 25-44 were surveyed in Magadan Oblast. The subject of the study was women’s reproductive attitudes, their marital status, focus on having many children, few children or no children, identification of the expected, desired and actual number of children, factors leading to the refusal to have more children, as well as those stimulating childbearing, the problem of distribution of responsibilities in the family. The study has shown that family values are a priority for women of middle and late childbearing age, but they are associated with the demand for improved housing conditions and increased income.
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Scientific article
Currently, against the background of sanctions from the West, Russia and China should strengthen cooperation in all sectors, especially in scientific research and resource development in the Arctic, as well as in combating problems associated with climate change and the use of the Northern Sea Route to enhance mutually beneficial trade activities between the two countries. The digitalization of Arctic culture should become a paramount branch of cooperation between universities in Russia and China, which cannot be done without considering and disseminating the scientific works of M.V. Lomonosov on the North and the Arctic. In China, Lomonosov was a completely understudied Russian scientist from all sides of his achievements in the sciences. The article gives an overview of M.V. Lomonosov’s contributions to the development of the Russian North and the Arctic, describes the processes of shaping his scientific interests in the study of Arctic spaces, analyzes his main theoretical positions on the phenomenon of Arctic lights and the natural conditions for the development of Arctic spaces, reveals his historical views on the role and importance of mastering the Arctic for the language possession of small peoples in this region against the background of the spread of world civilization and culture, which still has not lost its importance. Moreover, the relevance of creating an electronic database “Digital Lomonosov” in Russian and Chinese in parallel for the development of modern Lomonosov’s science and translation studies on the scientific achievements of Lomonosov in China is considered, the main concept of the Project development and specific stages of digitalization of Lomonosov’s works in two languages by joint efforts of scientists from NArFU and CHU are analyzed.
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Research into minorities: between science and politics
Scientific article
The article examines the interplay between science and politics in minority research in the period 1979 to mid-1980s at the University of Tromsø. Research was influenced by different conditions at the time, such as political events and policy priorities and ideological of streams in academia. Three factors influenced the choice of theme, priorities and approaches to minority research in North Norway. The first factor was the damming of the Alta-Kautokeino river, followed by Sami rights struggle and political changes towards the Sami population in Norway. What consequences did the political case for the research for the academic environment in the Northern Norway? The second factor was the research program run by the Norwegian general scientific Research (NAVF). An analysis on the relevant themes and focus areas within minority research is undertaken on basis of the research program. Finally I will use the methodological and research political discussions on emic and etic research positions that took place in the 1980s. Was it the Sami themselves, or also the researchers belonging to the majority that had the right to pursue research on the Sami? Sources consist of internal documents, reports, research papers and oral sources from the UiT.
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Research, development, and education: laying foundations for Arctic and Northern data centers
Scientific article
The global data center industry is a huge and rapidly growing sector. This growth has resulted in the development of significant data center clusters in various northern regions. Furthermore, the desire to attract new data center investments has been incorporated into regional development plans and strategies in different parts of the Circumpolar North. Although the policy-makers seem to have great expectations, they and the general public often know little about the industry, which consumes huge amounts of electricity and plays an immense role in the digitalization process that the world is experiencing. This article attempts to increase awareness, knowledge, and understanding of these matters among all relevant stakeholders by introducing data center-related research and development activities and education in the Arctic and the North, as well as research concerning the development of the data center industry in the cold, northern environment. After all, it is often argued that these particular conditions offer advantageous circumstances for the construction of environmentally friendly and sustainable data centers.
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Resilience in the Theory and Practice of Arctic Communities’ Adaptation to Environmental Challenges
Scientific article
The aim of this study is to describe the individual and collective characteristics of the rural population of the Russian Arctic, which determine their vital activity and are internal factors of adaptation to climate change. The scientific novelty of the study consists in describing the phenomenon of resilience on the example of island and coastal communities of the Primorskiy district of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, which are characterized by high natural and socio-economic instability. Based on the empirical data, it is shown that the territorial and socio-cultural integrity of the living space of local communities, the integrality of self-existence and self-consciousness of local residents, cooperative coexistence, as well as proactivity of life support create the foundation for the resilience of local communities and contribute to their social adaptation to the effects of climate change. Particular attention is paid to the issue of understanding the culture of mobility of northern communities in the face of increasing cases of adverse weather events due to climate change. Based on the results of an empirical study, an approach to adaptation to climate change based on the use of the knowledge potential of local communities is proposed. The results of the study can be used to develop the theory of the development of the North of Russia, as well as the development of specific measures for adaptation to climate change at the local level.
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Resilience of Arctic Communities: Concept, Methodology and Research Directions
Scientific article
This article is aimed at scientific review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of social (community) resilience and its empirical applicability in the context of territorial development of the Arctic. The relevance of this research is determined by the need to solve the problems of sustainable development of the Arctic region in the context of economic, social and natural challenges. Using the method of knowledge contextualization, the paper analyses various definitions of the concept of resilience, and describes factors and strategies for community resilience. It concludes that social resilience is the ability of communities to be flexible and able to adapt in response to external influences. Social resilience is difficult to measure and control; however, resilience factors are potentially observable using quantitative and qualitative methods, enabling the development of community resilience strategies. These strategies should be based on local realities, since they will take different forms depending on the community, and the idea of resilience itself will manifest in different ways. This justifies the need for empirical studies that would provide longitudinal data on social resilience in a particular area. Using the Arctic region as an example, the article presents foreign and Russian experience of research on social resilience in the context of global changes. It concludes that the development of resilience in Arctic communities requires a systematic approach, which should be based on knowledge of how local communities respond to global challenges.
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Scientific article
The aim of the work is to determine a scientifically based assessment of the resource potential of the Arctic industry, which determines the possibility of transition the economy to an innovation type of development, taking into account its specific features. The considered scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists made it possible to determine the methodology for rational assessment of the resource potential of the industry of the Arctic territories. The study was performed on the basis of production, technical, investment, staffing and innovation development indicators for 2013–2019. The study showed that in terms of production and technical indicators the Arctic regions generally have an average level of resource potential while the maximum values are typical for the Nenets and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. In terms of investment indicators, the Arctic regions are characterized by high potential. In terms of staffing, the Arctic regions are characterized by low potential while Murmansk Oblast demonstrated effective personnel policy. Innovation development indicators of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Murmansk Oblast are lower than in the Chukotka and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. The Arctic regions are characterized by the differentiation of indicators of resource provision of economic development associated with differences in production, investment, personnel and innovation spheres. The study showed that the highest aggregate resource potential for innovation development is typical for the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug while the lowest one is typical for the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Murmansk Oblast. Proposals for further scientific research in the direction of enhancing innovation and accordingly increasing socio-economic indicators of the Arctic regions were developed.
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Resource and Logistics Opportunities for the Development of Industrial Tourism in the Russian Arctic
Scientific article
Over the years of industrial development in the regions of the Russian Arctic, a significant potential of industrial heritage has been accumulated, with industrial sites serving as attractions for potential tourists. This provides an opportunity to develop industrial tourism, which is a promising sector of the modern tourism industry. The geographical features of the Arctic and its uneven transport infrastructure complicate the development of tourism in the region, including industrial one. To address this issue, it is necessary to identify the most accessible areas for tourists and to determine the types of industrial tourism that may be in demand. In this study, using content analysis of specialized tourism websites, we assessed the current state of industrial tourism development in each region of the Russian Arctic and identified what types of it are presented in tour programs. We analyzed the logistics capabilities of the Arctic regions for tourism development by determining the financial and time costs for potential tourists and comparing the results for each selected Arctic transport center. In terms of the availability of necessary resources and the lowest financial and time costs, the development of industrial tourism shows the greatest potential in the Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, the Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Komi Republic and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. For each region of the Russian Arctic, we have identified the sectors that form the resource base for the development of industrial tourism, and recommended enterprises that should be used to develop career-oriented tours designed to attract labor resources.
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Results of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Yenisey Arctic”
Scientific article
In the context of economic turbulence and within the framework of constantly tightening sanctions by Western countries, it is necessary to take into account strategic goals and emerging risks. The most important strategic documents, such as the "Strategy for the development of the Arctic zone of Russia and ensuring national security up to 2035” take into account the macroeconomic and other risks arising while the development of the Arctic water area, which is quite large in Russia. If its western part is sufficiently studied and developed, the eastern part requires more attention from researchers, government and business. The review briefly highlights the results of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Yenisey Arctic”, held at the end of 2022 in Krasnoyarsk on the basis of the Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after Academician M. F. Reshetnev with the support of the Regional Science Foundation.
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Review of Scientific Publications on the Study of Population Migration in the Russian A
Scientific article
The purpose of the article is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Russian-language publications on the topic of population migration in the Arctic zone of Russia. The national bibliographic database of scientific citation hosted on the eLIBRARY.RU platform was used as a source of information. The research methodology is based on the use of structural-semantic analysis of texts in combination with general scientific methods (analysis, generalization and systematization). The time period of 2010-2022 is characterized by an increase in the number of publications on migration issues in the Arctic zone of Russia, which was most clearly manifested during the adoption of Russia’s Arctic strategies. During the period under review, Russian authors prepared about 300 articles on the study of population migration in the Russian Arctic. However, the number of researchers who regularly publish papers on this topic is small. The analysis made it possible to identify an objective list of authors groups (scientific schools) that are leading in terms of the number of publications in this subject area. The main directions of the population migrations study in the Russian Arctic zone are considered according to six key scientific schools, general and special approaches of the authors to the study of Arctic migrations are highlighted. The study results will be useful and interesting to scientists, whose research area is related to population migration, including in the Russiaт Arctic regions; specialists dealing with social issues of the development of the Arctic territories; postgraduates and students involved in this field.
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Review of fishing in the Arctic waters
Scientific article
Today the enclave of the central part of the Arctic Ocean is closed by ice for any industrial activity. However, if the process of warming goes on, countries will have a real prospect for development of large-scale economic activities in the area, including commercial fishing. The article offers cross-section of the major activities in 2015 aimed at the establishment of an international multilateral convention on fishery management and scientific fishery research in the Arctic region. The cooperation of the Arctic Council countries in the field of fisheries in the framework of international agreements is considered, as well as the species composition of fish of the Arctic seas is given.
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Review of the monograph “The Arctic: a Development Strategy”
Scientific article
The review emphasizes the key features of the monograph “The Arctic: Development Strategy”, prepared by experts of the Council for the Study of Productive Forces of the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia and NArFU named after M.V. Lomonosov. The authors developed a systematic analysis of the development issues of the Russian Arctic and the state development efforts in this macro-region. They studied the preferential regimes of economic activities and the role of mineral resource centers as important drivers of socio-economic development. According to the reviewer, the monograph is of interest both to specialists and to a wide range of readers.
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Scientific article
The book is the result of a great work of M. A. Lukina on the history of villages in the Delta of the Northern Dvina River. The book is the first study of the island colonization, establishment, and centuries-old development of settlements in the mouth of the Northern Dvina River. The author combined the traditional historical approach to the data presentation and the method associated with the study of the value change over the centuries and historical memory.
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