Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 940
Specifics of design and construction of low-rise buildings in the Arctic
Статья научная
As a result of low storey buildings reconnaissance in the European part of the Arctic zone of Russia for a period of about 30 years, a number of peculiarities of their designing, construction and exploitation in conditions of frigid climate have been found out. The imperfection of currently in effect federal building law is marked. An average cost of square meter of living space in federation territorial entities by the end of 2014 has been analyzed. Suggestions for federal and regional legislation improvement have been developed.
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Статья научная
Living in the territory of Far North (and in the equated territories) has its specificity which is reflected in all aspects of life of the population. The authors consider natural and climatic features of the Polar region and the specifics of labor’s process of locals (by the example of teachers). The review of statistics and educational policy of authorities of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District is carried out, the results of sociological research of teachers of the region are presented (questionnaire). The analysis of periods of living of the population at the Far North is presented, the degree of social rootedness of teachers is defined, the assessment of the main factors determining the interest of migrants to work at northern school and the main motives of moving to Far North is presented. The materials of a sociological research show in general the satisfactory estimates by teaching, conditions and quality of life that allow to predict their further fixing in the territory of the District, the dynamic and sustainable development of the autonomous District. The received results are applicable in the activity of governing bodies of the general education.
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Specifics of the migratory processes in the north of Europe (case of the Kingdom of Denmark)
Статья научная
Migration processes and policies of the northern European countries are studied with the focus on the Kingdom of Denmark. The area of the study got a sufficient attention, but the Denmark has not been considered as a carrier of a specific migration model. The model is characterized by relatively low share of migrants from non-European countries, strict immigration laws and policy of limiting the migration. Studying the case of Denmark, it is important to examine the effect the migration has on the ethno-cultural and economic situation in the Arctic countries, including Russia and its areas with an extensive transnational and cross-border communication. Comparative analysis and synthesis, mathematical and statistical methods were used to do so.
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Статья научная
The article discusses the features of staffing of the shipbuilding, forestry and fishing industries of the Arkhangelsk Oblast. Based on the data of a sociological survey conducted in 2022 among the management of enterprises, the following features are analyzed: the forecasting of personnel needs by employers, the content of personnel forecasts, the level of current and expected personnel shortage, including its causes, mechanisms for filling personnel needs. The following conclusions are drawn from the survey results. Firstly, a relatively small number of enterprises in each industry makes it possible to carry out targeted work on the development of regional sectoral personnel policies, considering the interests and specifics of each organization. Secondly, the studied industries of the Arkhangelsk Oblast are characterized by a moderate shortage of personnel. The most in-demand personnel are those with education in the enlarged groups of professions and training areas “Technique and technology of shipbuilding and water transport”, “Agriculture, forestry and fisheries”, “Engineering”. The personnel shortage is most of all revealed by the representatives of fishing industry, including due to the lack of training of the necessary specialists in the Arkhangelsk Oblast. Thirdly, a flexible and adaptive system of additional professional education in the region can become extremely important for ensuring stability in the labor market. This is due to the employers’ recognition of the high efficiency of this mechanism for filling staffing needs, as well as the rapidly changing socio-economic situation.
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Stalin’s NeoNEP as the precursor of mass repressions of 1937-38s in the European North
Статья научная
The article reveals the author's version of one of the causes of mass repressions of 1937-38 arising from the phenomenon of NeoNEP (New Economic Policy) of 1934-1936, which lasted for a short time in the country after the derationing and a kind of a respite after the overarching of the new Bolshevikbuilt socialism.
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Статья научная
Interest in the Arctic zone has increased significantly in recent years. Russia, due to its geography and history, is an active, interested and direct subject involved in all the socio-economic processes taking place here. However, despite the significant efforts of the state, there are still certain difficulties in solving a number of social problems, which may hinder the development of the Arctic regions. In many respects, the successful solution of such problems depends on the cooperation of state institutions and the nonprofit sector. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of state financial support for socially oriented non-profit organizations (NPOs) on the sustainable development of the Russian Arctic. The main objective of the study is to analyze the impact of financial support for SONPOs in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation on the sustainable development of the Arctic regions. The researchers put forward a hypothesis that financial support for the non-profit sector is an important driver of sustainable development of the Arctic regions of Russia. The main results of the study are the analysis of state financial support for NPOs in the Arctic region, as well as the author’s classification of the goals of NPOs and the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The study presents the results of the all-Russian survey on the activities of SONPOs.
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State policy towards indigenous peoples of Alaska: historical review and contemporary issues
Статья научная
The article analyzes main stages of policy development towards indigenous peoples of Alaska and its influence on aboriginal cultures from the beginning of Russian colonization in the 18th century up to present time. The authors conclude that current policy towards indigenous peoples in Alaska can be generally evaluated as successful and supporting development of traditional cultures. The main achievements of this policy are: high level of self-organization and self-government of Alaska natives, legally secured rights for land and resources, progress in conservation of cultural heritage. However, social and economic challenges faced by indigenous people present a potential threat to the political stability in Alaska.
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State preferences for the people in remote and northern territories of Russia
Статья научная
The necessity of special benefits and guaranties for distant territories, and areas of the Far North and equivalent territories, allocated in a special group, aimed at involvement of people and providing the needs of national economy with natural resources are described in the article. The author’s periodization of the legal development of northern benefits and guaranties was presented. The grounds for separating the periods were the years of regionalization of these territories and a set of state preferences granted to the population in different periods. Five stages are highlighted: first — pre-Soviet, tsarist period, when the benefits and guaranties were introduced for distant localities; second stage — 1923–1932, the foundations of the benefit system by territories and branches were laid; third — 1942– 1945, the WWII years, when all benefits were collapsed or cancelled, fourth stage — 1946–1967, recovery of earlier established benefits, introduction the new benefits; fifth stage — 1990–2014, was ordering of benefits and guaranties due to the new economic realities; a part of benefits became a competence of labor law, defined by the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The authors conclude that the development activities in the northern territories were the main goal of the government, and, therefore, the legal regulation of guaranties and benefits for the employees of the Far North and equivalent for them territories were also a priority. During the 20th century and in the beginning of the 21st century, the benefits for the employees of the Far North and equivalent territories had been repeatedly changed. They were expanded or limited depending on the necessity and opportunities of the state.
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Статья научная
We study the history of cooperation between Russia and Norway for the conservation of cultural heritage located in similar climatic conditions.
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Statistical Analysis of the Labor Force of the Arkhangelsk Oblast
Статья научная
Labor force is a key driver of economic growth and productivity. The more labor force, the more production, trade and services can be created. In addition, the quality and efficiency of the labor force directly affects the level of productivity and competitiveness of the region and countries. Although the workforce is a key resource, managing it can be challenging. One of the main challenges in workforce management is retaining highly qualified employees, as the labor market is constantly changing and opening up new opportunities. This article is devoted to the study of the labor force in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, which is of great importance for understanding the current situation of the region and determining directions for development. The object of the study is the labor force in the specified territory, and the subject is its essence, state, structure and movement. In the course of the study, the following goals were set: determining factors affecting the quality of the labor force, analyzing the dynamics and structure of the labor force, studying the level of employment and unemployment, identifying the impact of the labor force on the economic indicators of the region. The methodological basis of the study is general scientific statistical methods of data analysis: absolute and relative statistical indicators, series of dynamics, correlation and regression analysis. The main conclusion of the article is that the labor force of the Arkhangelsk Oblast is steadily declining, but the balance between the share of men and women in it is preserved. However, the problem of unemployment during the period under review becomes more relevant for women than for men. These changes reflect the need for key measures that will stimulate not only economic development, but also the creation of favorable working conditions.
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Status and specifics of the housing market in the Arctic regions of Russia
Статья научная
This paper aims to analyze and identify the specifics of housing industry development in the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation using methods of comparative, analysis, statistical methods of grouping indicators, the method of scoring points. In the course of the work, an analysis of economic indicators of the housing market development, an assessment of the population's effective demand for housing. The main trends in the housing market development in the arctic regions were identified. The results show insufficient and uneven rates of construction of housing, a high share of emergency housing, and low investment in the housing industry in some regions. A disparity was observed between real estate prices and the population income because the population debt burden on the housing credit is quite high. According to the developed by the authors’ method of assessing the housing market based on selected indicators, the main problems are characterized and the development of the housing market in the arctic regions is assessed. It was found that in some regions the level of economic indicators of housing market development and the population's solvency significantly lags the Russian trends. The results have practical significance for the federal and regional authorities in creating housing policies and the implementation programs of national projects in the sphere of housing affordability, the main directions which should be demographic to attract and increase the resident population in the Russian Arctic, as well as the regulatory functions of the housing market by reducing interest rates and stimulating the construction industry development.
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Status, composition, population of the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The status, composition, and the number of population is analyzed, suggestions regarding the project of the Federal Law on the Russian Arctic are made.
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Stock of seeds in soil of fir groves bilberry
Статья научная
In article results of research of a stock of seeds of various tree species in soil and a laying of fir groves bilberry are resulted. The interrelation between quantity of seeds in soil and quantity young generation of trees is considered. The obtained data is analysed by means of methods of mathematical modeling. It is possible to recommend results to use in the practical purposes.
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Статья научная
It is analyzed the situation of the development of the Stockman field in the Arctic region, which is happened in 2012.
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Статья научная
The Russian Arctic has been attracting a growing interest in terms of research and management. The former is due to the lack of knowledge about current processes in its development in the rapidly changing internal and external environments, and the latter is driven by the rising significance of this macroregion in ensuring the country’s economic, ecological, geopolitical stability, and national security. Being interdependent, these interest spheres evidence the demand for the study of Arctic regions, especially newly established ones, and underlie its practical value, which consists in building the analytical foundations for working out and implementing the administrative mechanisms for socio-economic space integration in Arctic regions. Hence, the aim of this study is to define the strategic development priorities for the regional socio-economic system of the Karelian Arctic as a newly established region in the context of the multifarious Russian Arctic integration processes. This aim is achieved through the following tasks: analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the socio-economic system of the Karelian Arctic, identification of key challenges and opportunities for its development, identification of the strategic priorities to overcome threats and realize opportunities. The principal methods were expert and in-depth interviews, SWOT analysis and content analysis, the dialectic method and system approach, which were applied in the context of the propositions of spatial economics. As a result of the study, characteristics of the Karelian Arctic’s socio-economic system are identified in the context of the high-relevance problems of managing the development of the Arctic macroregion as a complex system. Directions for further research are defined, with the aim to build the scientific foundations for managing the spatial development of the Russian Arctic zone and its constituent regions and for handling the challenges hindering such development.
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Strategic Trends in Energy Development of the Northern Territories of Russia
Статья научная
The dynamic development of the energy market is the source of Russia’s energy diversification processes. The study presents key areas in the development of the Russian energy sector, taking into account new trends and challenges. The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is potentially becoming a growth driver for the energy market and opens up “new windows” for the country’s economic development. It is determined that the structure of consumption, use of resources, generation and transmission of electricity is changing. Long-term trends in the energy transition demonstrate a change in the energy balance in favor of clean energy sources: wind, solar, nuclear, geothermal, hydropower, hydrogen, and bioenergy. The development of hydrogen energy, including in the northern territories of Russia, creates a reliable basis for integration into the global hydrogen infrastructure. The change in the energy balance in favor of renewable energy sources (RES) is presented. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), RES will account for up to 95% of new energy capacity additions by 2026. The global climate agenda — the rejection of fossil fuels — creates new challenges for the Russian economy and the development of its Arctic investment projects. It has been established that the current situation in the context of global technological breakthroughs and climate change is shaping the transition from vertical integration to distributed generation and decentralization. The purpose of the study is to analyze current trends in the development of the energy market, based on the results of which it is necessary to adjust the approaches of the Russian energy sector to future development, making maximum use of the opportunities of the northern territories of Russia.
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Strategic management of the Solovetsky islands sustainable development
Статья научная
This article defines spiritual, historical and cultural, scientificallyeducational, social-economic, etc. potential of the Solovetsky archipelago territory in the context of the regional strategic development. Author analyses the management contradictions and problems, points the basic directions of the Solovetsky archipelago strategic development. It’s shown specifics of protected areas as management object, their place in the regional social-economic complex. Article provides the main problems of the Solovetsky archipelago development and gives some ways to their solving on the basis of modern concepts of management and marketing.
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Статья научная
The paper analyzes the current state and problems of social and economic development of the region located in the Arctic zone of Eastern Siberia at the territory of two entities of the Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk region and Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the catchment of rivers Khatanga and Anabar, running into Laptev Sea of the Arctic Ocean. The possibilities, restrictions and prospects of implementation of priority investment projects of development of mineral raw material resources of the region are considered. Feasibility of forming of the aqua-territorial industrial complex (ATIC) based on the use of the integrated transport logistics of the Northern Sea Route and rational schemes of power supply in the region is shown. Scientific, methodical, organizational, economic tasks on development of strategy of forming of Khatanga-Anabar ATIC are considered.
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Статья научная
The article is dealing with the process of evolution of strategic priorities and practical forms of the realization of the ethnic policy in Russia on the example of the Arctic regions in the post-Soviet period. It is proved that the ethnopolitics of each Arctic region of the Russian Federation has its distinctive features, due to the complex of the reasons of its climatic, socio-economic, political and cultural nature. The differentiation of regional, national practices was more clearly manifested in the 1990s when in the Arctic regions, as well as in the whole country, the processes of sovereignty and politicization of ethnicity were observed. With the normalization of relations between the Federal center and regions, the separation of powers between the center and the entities of the Russian Federation at the turn of XX-XXI centuries, the Arctic regions are starting to build their ethnonational policy according to the strategic vision of the center. However, in the first decade of the XXI century, the ethnopolitics of the Arctic regions was more focused on the demonstration of ethnocultural diversity to the detriment of the ideas of consolidation of Russian society, which created the basis for ethnocultural mobilization and ethnic-egoism. The Strategy of the national policy of the Russian Federation 2012, contains conceptual foundations of nation-building and is biased in favor of the strengthening the unity of the multiethnic people and the state on the principles of civil solidarity. The policy of the Arctic regions begins to integrate into the all-Russian logic of the normalization of inter-ethnic relations. Ethnicity-related issues in the contemporary agenda are intimately connected with the security ones. The results of the sociological surveys and monitoring of the interethnic tensions suggest that regional authorities can control the current situation. Arctic territories are considered as the regions with the low and meager rate of ethnic tensions. However, contradictions between local people and migrants, old-timers and new settlers, Russian ethnic groups and indigenous peoples for similar rights and privileges are in the latent stage.
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