Journal articles - Arctic and North
All articles: 1008
Russian Arctic increases with islands
Scientific article
Relevance of the topic is defined by the fact that neither the Russian Empire nor the Soviet Union nor the Russian Federation have passed a law that defines the status, composition and the borders of the Russian Arctic, both on land and in the waters of the Arctic Ocean. It is necessary to find system solutions for a number of urgent problems of the Arctic management modernization: 1) monitoring of Russian islands in the Arctic Ocean, administrative, legal and environmental responsibility for the departmental use of their lands and adjacent water area; 2) adoption of the basic federal law "The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation"; 3) effective functioning of the Government Commission on the Arctic; 4) development of interregional integration institutes; 5) implementation of state program "Socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic for the period up to 2020"; 6) transition to project management, the formation of the portfolio of the Arctic projects; 7) the possibility of establishing the Bank for Reconstruction and Development in the Arctic, Arctic state commercial bank.
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Russian Arctic or the Arctic zone
Scientific article
Analysis of data collection results on the topic “Russian Arctic or the Arctic zone”
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Russian Arctic regional development aspects: the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Scientific article
The article focuses on the regional development aspects of the Russian Arctic in case of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The author explains the reason for the 13 Arctic and Northern territories of Yakutia to be legally considered as a part of the Russian Arctic. The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) has accumulated a long term positive legal experience in regulating the development of the Arctic and Northern ulus (districts) of Yakutia, which is of interest for the law community in other territories of the Russian Arctic. The author analyzes the issues of socio-‐economic development of the Yakut part of the Arctic and the results of the Year of the Arctic 2014. In conclusion some specific recommendations on development of the Arctic territories are to be found.
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Russian Diesel Icebreaker Fleet and Its Place in the Economic Development of the North
Scientific article
The article studies the development of Soviet and Russian marine civilian diesel icebreakers. The history of their commissioning is analyzed and the main points of their service in the North are investigated. The Soviet and Russian stages of their construction and operation, which were approximately equal in duration, were compared. The author’s diagram of this development is made. The absolute dominance of Finnish shipbuilding in the process of construction of diesel marine civil domestic icebreakers has been revealed. The reasons of transition to icebreaker building in Russia, the main problems in this direction of development are found. The values of diesel civilian icebreaker fleet necessary for effective operation of navigation in the North are determined. The existing prospects and needs for the development of diesel civil icebreaking fleet in Russia are formulated. The key tactical and technical data of sea diesel icebreakers are compared. The author’s diagram shows the outstripping growth of ice-carrying capacity with simultaneous decrease of specific power of diesel icebreakers. A brief analysis of the main events in the history of each particular icebreaker is carried out, and a set of 10 main directions of application of diesel civil icebreakers of Russia in the North is summarized. A kind of rating of these directions has been compiled, among which some very rare ones have appeared.
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Russian Literature of the Republic of Komi: the problems of history and modern condition issues
Scientific article
The following problems are considered in the report the genesis and character of the historic development of Russian regional literature in the 20th century; the cultural mediation between Russian and Komi literature (typical trends are the interest to the foreign environment and the principle of tolerance); the problem of the relations between the literature of the «centre» and of the region (regional literature is the «ground» which suppresses the superfluous experiment and the radical innovations of the literature of the «centre»).
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Russian old-settlers Yakutia: culture and landscape
Scientific article
Of the example of the areal groups of Russian old-settlers (russkoustyintsy, pokhodchane, the Amga, the Lena and the Olyekma peasants) have been reconstructed the basic socio-economic parameters, has been highlighted the traditional image of the rural cultural landscape of Yakutia. Formation a culture of life-support Russian old-settlers in the region is seen as the result of the multivariate combination of natural and cultural complex in the peripheral area of the continuum.
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Russian woman in the rural Yakutia in the second half of the ХХ century
Scientific article
Russian women of Yakutia in the rural areas of the second half of the XX century were a social group with a difficult complex structure. The separate interest is Russian women who came to work on a governmental contract. In daily life, they had to overcome the social and cultural challenges, including gender. Successful socialization of Russian women in the villages of Yakutia promoted general political factors, as well as regional ethno-cultural traditions.
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Scientific article
The purpose of this article is to present the conceptual ideas of innovative interdisciplinary Russian-Chinese project “Digital Lomonosov”, the idea of which appeared five years ago and is based on a decade of experience of Chinese studies development in the North of Russia and at the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov. In accordance with the goal, the work solves the following main tasks: 1) justifies the relevance of the project “Digital Lomonosov” and its demand in China; 2) provides an overview of scientific works and interdisciplinary research on the humanitarian ideas of Lomonosov — a great scientist, an outstanding personality of the Russian North; 3) summarizes the main results of ten-year development of Chinese studies in the North of Russia and at NArFU; 4) briefly presents the experience of five-year network project of federal universities as the basis for developing the concept of innovative Russian-Chinese project; 5) outlines the prospects for the project and the promotion of Lomonosov Studies in China. The methodology of the review article is based on an interdisciplinary vision of the directions of humanities development in the focus of digitalization and further development of Lomonosov Studies in the interaction of Russian and Chinese scholars. The authors substantiate a new conceptual idea of international transfer of M.V. Lomonosov’s heritage digitally from the North of Russia to China. The results of the analysis are summarization and systematization of the experience of five years of cooperation between federal universities in the field of applied linguistics and education in the context of digitalization, ten years of experience in the development of Chinese studies in the North of Russia and NArFU, actualization of possibilities of international transfer of M.V. Lomonosov humanitarian heritage, and presentation of prospects of Lomonosov Studies in China.
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Russian-Norwegian agreement about the division of the Arctic space
Scientific article
The article reveals a complex, time-consuming process of normalization of relations between Russia and Norway on the delimitation of the Arctic spaces. Particular attention is paid to the legal analysis of the provisions of the International Treaty of Paris of Svalbard and the agreement signed between Russia and Norway concerning the delimitation of maritime areas in 2010.
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Scientific article
The article presents a review of foreign research on the history of Russian-Norwegian borderland in 16th — early 20th centuries. The dominance of the empirical positivism and historical nationalism in the history of the Northern frontier delimitation led to the formation of relatively stable and unilateral interpretations of the Russian-Norwegian border in the first half of the 20th century. The state was perceived as an a priori objective phenomenon. That’s why historians and legal scholars understood the “border” as a static instrument of political power, ignoring its multipotential phenomena and variety of its subjects. The Scandinavian historiography has developed a historical tradition of perception of the Treaty 1826 on the delimitation of “common districts” as a fair act of institutionalization of borders over the common possession. As a part of this tradition, it may seem that Norwegian territorial claims did not look expansive in relation to Russia. However, for a long time the Scandinavian historians advocated the theory that the Russian Empire, driven by the idea of permanent territorial extensions, had posed a threat to the Norwegian Finmark. So, the delineation of the Northern frontier was a diplomatic deal aimed at creating legitimate barriers to further Russian expansion in Western Europe through the Norwegian Arctic. Thus, the author con-cludes that from the methodological perspective, the evolution of the Russian-Norwegian borderlands is still not sufficiently developed in foreign historiography and requires closer attention to create high-quality reconstruction of the Russian-Norwegian borderland evolution from the territory with frontlines configura-tion of political boundaries in the 13th century — the early 19th century to the space with a sealed political boundary in the 20th century.
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Scenarios for the development of the Arctic region (2020–2035)
Scientific article
The importance of selecting the development of the Arctic seems to be relevant since rapid and irreversible changes are taking place there. Climate change and globalization are their prominent examples. A complex of factors has both positive and negative impacts on the use of natural resources and the positioning of states located not only within the Arctic but also outside it. The questions arise: what is the significance of these changes for geography, politics, and the management system? How should the comprehension of these processes be built? The relevance of the topic is enhanced by the fact that Russia has the most significant Arctic sector among the states with access to the Arctic Ocean. Therefore, our country has a leading role in working out strategies for the development of the Arctic. The comprehensive approach (considering the economic and political-geographical positions) is central in the article to analyze the directions of development of the Arctic territories. The method reveals the possibilities of sustainable development, which will provide Russia with strategic benefits within the Arctic and globally. The article discusses scenarios for the development of the Arctic, including the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, in the long-term perspective (until 2035). Substantiation of the long-term prospects for the development of the Arctic, despite Russian and foreign research, seems to be unrealistic due to lack of knowledge about the nature and consequences of climatic changes currently observed in this region and affecting global environmental management. The authors concluded that the priority directions of the Arctic development should be the ones based on positive and innovative trends.
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Science Diplomacy in the Arctic and Antarctic
Scientific article
The article studies the phenomenon of science diplomacy with regard to the Arctic and Antarctic. These two polar regions are similar because of high importance of international scientific activity and science diplomacy based on it. Science diplomacy is understood as a kind of synthesis of scientific and political-diplomatic activities, in which state and non-state actors can take part. The conditions for science diplomacy in the Arctic and Antarctic are very different due to the history of development, legal status and established practice of international relations in these regions. The challenges faced by international scientific activity and science diplomacy in the two regions are considered. It is shown that in the Arctic and Antarctic, science diplomacy as a political tool is objectively in demand and cannot be “cancelled” due to the political context. In the current situation, science diplomacy can contribute to de-escalation of the conflict in relations between Russia and the West. At the same time, science diplomacy is not a panacea for creating international relations based on the principles of peace and cooperation. Like any political instrument, it protects national interests and not only serves to solve global problems arising in the Arctic and Antarctic.
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Scientific Cooperation: Supporting Circumpolar Permafrost Monitoring and Data Sharing
Scientific article
Scientific cooperation is a well-supported narrative and theme, but in reality, presents many challenges and counter-productive difficulties. Moreover, data sharing specifically represents one of the more critical cooperation requirements, as part of the “scientific method [which] allows for verification of results and extending research from prior results.” One of the important pieces of the climate change puzzle is permafrost. Currently, most permafrost data remain fragmented and restricted to national authorities, including scientific institutes. Important datasets reside in various government or university labs, where they remain largely unknown or where access restrictions prevent effective use. A lack of shared research—especially data—significantly reduces effectiveness of understanding permafrost overall. Whereas it is not possible for a nation to effectively conduct the variety of modeling and research needed to comprehensively understand impacts to permafrost, a global community can. However, decision and policy makers, especially on the international stage, struggle to understand how best to anticipate and prepare for changes, and thus support for scientific recommendations during policy development. This article explores the global data systems on permafrost, which remain sporadic, rarely updated, and with almost nothing about the subsea permafrost publicly available. The authors suggest that the global permafrost monitoring system should be real time (within technical and reasonable possibility), often updated and with open access to the data. Following a brief background, this article will offer three supporting themes, 1) the current state of permafrost data, 2) rationale and methods to share data, and 3) implications for global and national interests.
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Scientific and educational space of the Arctic: Norway
Scientific article
The analytical overview represents the scientific and educational potential of the Norwegian territories of the Circumpolar Region (Svalbard, Finnmark, Troms and Nordland), Norway's science and innovation policy and scientific interests in the Arctic.
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Searching for balance: Swedish ethnic policy model today
Scientific article
The article is devoted to ethnic policy models in Sweden regarding indigenous population, national minorities and migrants. It seems most important to analize the ethnic policy models (acculturation, assimilation, segregation and integration policy) and circumstances which caused changes in state policy, as well as the efficiency in conditions of the modern crisis situation.
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Seashore Litters Impact on Biological Resources of Arctic Seas
Scientific article
In the present manuscript, the impact of seashore plastic litter on the Arctic aquatic environment with a primary focus on fish is discussed. Plastic pollution of seashore and aquatic ecosystem became a major environmental problem in the late 1990s, when it was considered as a major threat for aquatic ecosystem. In recent years, the microplastic (MP) pollution has raised scientific attention and awareness as severe threat for aquatic ecosystem. Since fish is a significant source of food and wealth of Arctic countries, the shrinkage of fishing rates caused by aquatic ecosystems plastic pollution can lead to a significant negative effect on the well-being of the Arctic countries’ population and economy. Recent studies showed significant amount of MP in Arctic seas. The MP particles were found in more than 90% of the studied water samples from the Barents Sea. This indicates that MP has become a major threat for aquatic life in the Arctic. Despite the fact the MP may pose harmful effects to aquatic life, there is still a lack of valid information concerning this research. Moreover, standard and generally accepted protocols for MP pollution monitoring and risk assessment need to be implemented. In view of the above, the current state of the problem is described in this paper.
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Scientific article
The development of Arctic hydrocarbon resources is in the sphere of interests of many large companies. At the same time, the vast northern territories and polar seas do not have a developed infrastructure that would allow implementing various transport and technological solutions for the development of oil fields. The opportunities for attracting the resources of the Russian Arctic into economic circulation are currently being used to a small extent, which is caused by various factors, both objective and subjective, that were formed at the previous stages of the country's development. This work is devoted to the problem of choosing an HR strategy when placing objects of the transport and technological system of oil fields in the Russian Arctic, taking into account the ecological, economic and socio-economic features of this macroregion. Using the example of oil and gas fields in the coastal-shelf zone of the south-eastern part of the Barents and Kara Seas, the authors consider multivariate forecasts for the formation of a rational scheme for the transportation of hydrocarbons as an integral part of the regional oil and gas complex. The authors assign a special role to the important economic and socio-psychological components associated with the processes of organizing the work of oil workers. At the same time, they come to the conclusion that the shift method of labor organization, adopted by many large mining companies, should not displace, but only complement the traditional methods of attracting personnel to the Arctic oil infrastructure facilities. The use of the combined method of labor organization in the Arctic is the most optimal, allowing to integrate the advantages and localize the disadvantages of other methods of labor organization.
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Scientific article
In the context of increasing inclusive processes in modern Russian society, it has become essential to analyze the effects and outcomes achieved from the perspective of self-actualization among people with disabilities, as this allows understanding the structure of their lives and assessing the extent of their inclusion in social processes and relationships. The aim of this article is to study self-actualization of chil-dren with disabilities in the Euro-Arctic territories of Russia at the theoretical and empirical levels and to identify its features in comparison with children with normal health. The article analyzes the results of an empirical sociological study conducted in 2023 using the semi-formalized interview method (n = 476, aged 614 years old, 238 children with disabilities and the same number of “normotypical” children in terms of health). The authors found that children with persistent health disorders lag behind typically developing children in most parameters, including the range of everyday activities, participation in social practices, relationships with peers, personal aspirations, and subjective assessments of their own success and abilities. All this indicates the insufficiency of inclusive effects and the illusory nature of inclusion in relation to some children with disabilities, which should be taken into account in the further implementation of measures to integrate this group into society on the basis of equal opportunities.
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Scientific article
The paper gives a brief description of the bibliographic database of the State Public Scientific-Technological Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPSTL SB RAS), generated for the information support of the topic "Indigenous peoples of the North". It was presented the bibliometric (logical-statistical) analysis of the documents selected from the database relating legal bases of development, self-development and self-determination of northern indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation and the world. The authors examined the temporal, typical, geographical, and language structures of the information flow, revealed socalled "nuclear" group of periodicals, characterized by high publication activity on this issue, mentioned the most important scientific events, where this problem was discussed by scientists and specialists, presented the recent monographs entering the library collection on the legal basis of the indigenous peoples development at the Far North.
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