Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 907
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the study of the availability of investment funds for the regions of investment funds of state development programs in the context of the program-targeted approach to budget formation. The use of program-targeted budgeting methods undoubtedly opens up extensive opportunities for optimizing the public finance management system, but the management tools and implementation mechanism at the regional level have not yet been sufficiently developed, which reduces the effectiveness of their application. The paper evaluates the uniformity of distribution of funds of the Targeted Investment Program of the Arkhangelsk Oblast for the period 2017–2021 between four districts that are similar in their parameters, as well as the distribution of budget investments within the framework of inter-budget transfers to local budgets of the Arkhangelsk Oblast for the period 2021–2023. The process and principles of a program-targeted approach to strategic planning and management of the public finance system as the main tool for improving the efficiency of budget expenditures are considered. The methods used in the study include analyzing the dynamics and structure of budget investment distribution, drawing conclusions on the basis of the obtained data about the uniformity of funds distribution and investment accessibility for the regions. This article can be useful for assessing the availability of budget investments when using the program-targeted approach to budget planning, as well as for developing an effective mechanism for implementing program-targeted budgeting approaches in the budget process at the local and regional levels.
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Axiological preferences of residents of the Karelian Arctic in the modern sociocultural situation
Статья научная
The study aims to identify the hierarchy of value dominants in the axiosphere of the Karelian Arctic residents, which has developed under the influence of natural, social, economic, and cultural-historical factors. The methodology used is complex and includes sociological, economic questionnaires, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. The study’s cameral stage is based on an analysis of the empirical stage results conducted during a comprehensive scientific expedition of scientists of Petrozavodsk State University to two Arctic regions of Karelia in the summer of 2019. The most important in the study is the cross-cultural approach, based on comparing the results of a survey of respondents - the Karelian Arctic residents with the “general cultural profile” of S. Schwartz and identifying the level of validity of the applied psychological methodology. During the study, the author’s hypothesis about features in the axiological preferences of the inhabitants of the Arctic zone at the level of dominant indicators is confirmed. At the stage of analysis and synthesis of the empirical stage results, the relationship of preserving human capital in the Arctic regions of Karelia with the identified value dominants of residents’ health and safety is established. Special attention is paid to the influence of the current socio-cultural situation on the formation of the axiosphere of the inhabitants of the Arctic zone, and the conclusion is also made about the need for an integrated scientific approach in determining the prospects for the development of society in the Arctic regions.
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Статья научная
The tourism sector is the most important for the socio-economic development of countries and regions, contributing to the preservation of historical and cultural values, the formation of humanism and tolerance in the world. However, there are many difficulties in the tourism business that have become seriously exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic and contribute to a rethinking of the problems and factors of tourism development. In Russia, since 2020, the focus has been on the development of domestic tourism, and this further contributed to the restoration and maintenance of a certain stability in this area, which is especially important during the period of aggravation of the geopolitical situation in Russia and the world, from 2022 to the present. Nevertheless, the issues of barriers to the development of tourism in our country remain relevant, taking into account the ideas, orientations and practices of both tour operators and consumers of tourism services, which actualizes sociological research in this aspect. In order to identify the existing barriers and factors for the successful development of tourism in Russia, the authors conducted a sociological study in 2021 among tourism specialists who acted as experts and represent authorities, tourism business and science in Russian and foreign regions. The study was conducted in a qualitative strategy using the in-depth interview method, during which 31 experts were interviewed. The results of the expert survey may be useful in the further development of the tourism industry in the Russian regions.
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Bath and the north: to history of a question and traditions of culture
Статья научная
The mankind used from time immemorial a bath to what results of the archaeological, ethnographic and other researches which have defined its approximate «age» over 25 centuries testify. For a long time the bath is highly appreciated at all people, is an integral part of their culture and a life. The role of the bath inseparably linked with national traditions, always was multipurpose in a life-support system of ethnoses. The bath carries out functions: hygienic, improving, removing weariness after physical work, preventive. In ceremonial rituals the bath was means of protection from evil ghosts and clarification. The magic role of a bath is connected with outlook of the people. The ceremonial bath with ritually-magic actions has practically become obsolete, but with a view of improvement, psychological influence, preservation of a healthy way of life in the people quite often come back and to these sacral traditions.
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Best Practices of Oil and Gas Companies to Develop Gas Fields on the Arctic Shelf
Статья научная
The development of the hydrocarbon potential of the Arctic shelf is one of the priority tasks for Russia, forming the conditions for its strategic presence in the region. Russia's official energy documents stipulate the need to increase oil and gas production in the Arctic, including offshore production, to ensure the stable operation of the country's oil and gas complex in the long term. However, the development of hydrocarbon fields on the Arctic shelf is a serious technological challenge for the domestic oil and gas industry. While offshore oil production in the Russian Arctic is already underway, natural gas production remains a promising future target. The article analyses the current gas projects on the Arctic shelf in terms of their technological complexity and unique solutions, and the strategies of operators to attract foreign participants to the project. We consider these in the contexts of technological issues, organizational features, securing foreign investment. The author believes that the provisions and conclusions of this study will help add to the comprehensive picture of the foreign oil and gas companies experience engaged in natural gas production on the Arctic shelf, which will minimise the errors and risks in the development of hydrocarbon resources on the Russian Arctic seas shelf.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the economic specifics of the peninsula’s territory, which is closely related to the resources of both the mainland and the ocean. Using the example of the Murmansk Oblast, an approach is proposed to study the industrial development of the peninsular region in the Soviet period, taking into account the competition of two versions. One of them was aimed at creating an “oceanic” economy – the fishing industry and marine transport. Another version served the “mainland” economy, represented mainly by mining industry. Specific historical materials are used to examine the pendulum effect, i.e. the fluctuations between these two versions and the formation of prerequisites for diversification. Of particular interest is the experience of combining two versions, which appeared in 1923, when an industrial transport and colonization combine was created on the basis of the Murmansk railway, and later, during the industrialization of the 1930s. It is debatable whether the two old versions were successfully transformed into the third “ocean-mainland” one, based on the idea of the integrated development of the resources of the Kola Peninsula and the seas surrounding it, which was most noticeably manifested during the Soviet economic reform of 1957. The prospects for studying this issue may be related to the use of methods of historical and economic analysis.
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Статья научная
The Russian Arctic is at the epicentre of economic, environmental, and social changes. At the same time, the peripheral character of the territory, its strong orientation on primary sector makes the region extremely volatile to suchlike shifts. The study concerns primary sector transformation in the Post-Soviet period when after 1991 significant changes in the economy were observed. The main aim of the paper is to identify the specifics, features and development prospects of the recent primary sector transformation in the Russian Arctic. The statistical methods do not reflect the full picture of the transformation. Firstly, Russia has switched to UN national accounts system only in 1994. Secondly, the Arctic statistics after 2009 for regional level is unavailable. That is why the main method of the research is the expert survey method. The results of the study demonstrate the dominant role of the primary sector and the strong dependence of Russian Arctic regions on these activities. The study identifies the key factors and drivers of the transformation, a specific position of the oil and gas sector and the role of natural resources to be traditionally used in the primary sector. Despite the positive role of economic diversification in the long-term economic development, the corresponding effect for the Arctic regions is not fully expressed. The methodological novelty of the research is an unconventional research method of investigating primary sector transformation on the regional level in the Post-Soviet Russian Arctic, i.e. the expert survey. The method can be applied to other countries and industries.
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Статья научная
The main thesis of article consists that Russia has begun on coast of the White sea as Rus Belomorsky. For the first time the hypothesis that Ryurik, Sineus and Truvor have come to Ladoga, Belozero and Polotzk from coast of the White sea from Bjarmland is put forward. Names Bjarmland and Russia mean the country of bears, only in different languages: southern neighbours named inhabitants of northern country uruses, and western − bjarms. Till now in representation of neighbours Russian associate with their ancient totem, the bear. Rus it is necessary to search for sources in an extreme antiquity; to understand a role Arii, Slavs, ethnos of Celts in ancient history of Arctic regions and the North. In article are investigated not only written sources, the bibliography, but also climate changes, the geological periods; having artefacts, petroglife, architectural constructions (temples in Russia and India, Solovetsky and Novodvinsky fortresses, etc.), products of decorative art; names of the rivers and lakes, a vegetative cover and landscape Belomor.
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Boris Lavrov, the commander of the first Lena expedition
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the life of Boris Lavrov, an Arctic explorer, one of the directorsof the Northern Sea Route Headquarters, the organizer of the Igarka port construction and Kara expeditions, the commander of the First Lena expedition, unjustifiably repressed and executed. Much attention is paid to the First Lena expedition aimed at sending ships with cargoes from Arkhangelsk to the Lena River delta.
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Botanical Excursions on the Sørøya Island in Northern Norway
Статья научная
Bilingual guidebook “Botanical excursions on the northern Sørøya (Finnmark, Norway)” is presented in the article.
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Branding of the arctic tourism destinations in Russia
Статья научная
The study deals with the issues of tourism destinations branding, as well as tourism multidimensionality and tourism destination identity in the Russian Arctic. The factors determining the promotion and branding of tourist destinations in the Russian Arctic are considered in correlation with the fundamental principles of sustainability in Arctic tourism. The relationship between state policy and socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of Russia is considered, in particular, in the aspects of Arctic tourism development. Dialectical, logical, theoretical and empirical methods were conducted for this research. The article defines the conditions for increasing the competitiveness of the domestic tourism product in the Arctic, lists tourism facilities, territories and tourism products that are of the most expressed interest to Russian and foreign tourists. The factors affecting the competitiveness of the tourism product in the Russian Arctic are identified. The article presents the components of the tourist destinations image in the Russian Arctic, which may become the basis for the formation of a strategy for branding tourism in the Arctic regions. The conclusion is drawn about the need for an umbrella brand creation for the Russian Arctic. The necessity of creating conditions for the professional implementation of tourist personnel in the Arctic regions of Russia and the influx of labor resources from urbanized and oversaturated territories to the Arctic with the aim of the integrated development of tourism is substantiated.
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