Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 752
China, Republic of Korea and Japan in the Arctic: politics, economy, security
Статья научная
China, South Korea and Japan are actively pursuing scientific, economic and political activities for the development of the Arctic, the Arctic resources, ensure security in it, seeking to increase its role in the Arctic Council, cooperating and competing-Rui with other countries. The paper stresses that China is in the final stage of preparation of its Arctic strategy, however, it is noted that the Arctic is important for China, but not a top priority of its foreign policy. The priorities of the Republic of Korea in the development and exploration of the Arctic, as shown by the analysis conducted by, yavlyutsya: research, the use of the Northern Sea Route for the transportation, receipt of orders from Arctic countries for Korean shipyards for the construction of offshore oil platforms, special vessels and icebreakers; development of relations with Russia. Japan is a growing interest in the Northern Sea Route, scientific research in the Arctic. We consider Japan's attempts to resolve the territorial issue with Russia. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs supports the establishment of a new international structure in the Arctic, which was formed not on a geographical basis, and by the presence of economic interests in the region. Seoul supports the establishment, together with Russia a regional mechanism of multilateral cooperation in the Arctic, with the code name “Asia-Pacific Arctic Council”.
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Chukotskii ethnos in the ethno-cultural space
Статья научная
The description of the historical, spiritual, moral and ethnic aspects of the formation of the chukchi ethnic group in the context of its presence in the Russian space.
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Chuvans – are one of the largest tribes of yukagirs
Статья научная
Identified and presented chuvans number, location and contemporary historical homeland, paganism, shamanism, rituals, traditional crafts, as well as the current situation.
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Circumpolar habitat: safety and the health of population
Статья научная
Problems of extreme conditions for life and health of Homo sapiens in circumpolar environment and adaptation processes are discussed. Also shows limits of biological (physiological) adaptation mechanisms. Extreme and hypo comfortable circumpolar conditions of living are not the basic reasons of early mortality. But «cold factor» is considered to be very sufficient reason of primary infant and adult morbidity. Finally, we still don’t know all mechanisms of influence of extreme conditions of North on endocrine system and obesity, reproductive system of women. From the biological equivalence position noospheric paradigm is putted forward into the Arctic and Russian North development.
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Статья научная
In this article the initial history of Arkhangelsk, which owes its calendar with date of foundation of the monastery of Archangel Michael in 1388.
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Статья научная
The article identifies the components and factors of the quality of life of the population of the northern region. The specifics of social work in the North are presented. The authors considered the rating of Northern regions of Russia on quality of life and noted the relationship between the quality of life with a form of social work. The potential of community social work in the North focused on activities in the local community and aimed at strengthening individuals, families and social groups is also discussed. The authors revealed priorities and individual areas of social work according to the territorial principle in the develop-ment of approaches to implementation of the Federal project “Strong family” of the party “Edinaya Rossi-ya” (“United Russia”) in the Arkhangelsk region.
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Comparative analysis of the Russian and American strategies of the development of the Arctic
Статья научная
The article is a comparison of Russian and American strategies of the development of the Arctic zone and analyzed the mental patterns of the Western and the Eastern perception of the spacel development.
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Comparative assessment of innovative development of the Far North regions
Статья научная
The paper deals with the assessment of the level of innovative development of the Northern regions. Based on the data of the annual rating of innovative economies, performed by Bloomberg, a comparative analysis of the rating of innovative economies in the Nordic countries is presented. It is noted that Russia has been consistently ranked 25-27 in the last four years, although in 2016, it was in the 12th place. An overview analysis of methodological approaches and methods for assessing the level of innovative development of a region in Russia is carried out. On the basis of statistical data on the composite integral index, a comparative assessment of the level of innovative development of 17 regions of the Far North of the Russian Federation for 2017 is carried out, and the corresponding ranks are analyzed separately for 5 sub-indices of thematic blocks: socio-economic conditions, scientific and technical potential, innovation activity, export activity and the quality of regional innovation policy. The study shows a significant difference between the regions of the Far North of the Russian Federation in terms of the level of innovative development. In five subjects of the Far North of the Russian Federation, the values of the composite innovation index are higher than the average for the Russian Federation. Different positions occupied by regions are also observed in the rankings for individual sub-indices. The results of such ratings make it possible to assess the comparative advantages and disadvantages of specific regions for further consideration in the program documents on their innovative development.
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Competence centers for Arctic studies: thesis-based analysis
Статья научная
The article deals with theses thematic grouping, both following the Russian Arctic zone’s areas of socio-economic activity and organizations where they were prepared. Thesis selection on Arctic topics was carried out using morphemes (titles and keywords) of theses defended in 1990-2018. 1.436 of theses were selected, incl. 1.201 for the degree of Candidate of Sciences and 235 - for the degree of Doctor of Sciences amounting to 1% of the total number of analyzed theses. More than 50% of theses related to the Arctic topics were dealing with three principal areas of Arctic socio-economic activity: “water and biological resources”, “ecology, climate and people”, and “geology and minerals”. Researchers’ organizations were located in 51 different territories of the Russian Federation. Among 503 organizations involved in Arctic research on all topics, the leaders are Lomonosov Moscow State University (72 theses), Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (62 theses), Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (43 theses). The analysis allows us to create an objective list of all organizations - Competence centers for Arctic studies - involved in areas related to Arctic socio-economic activity.
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Статья научная
Review of the conference which took place at the Northern (Arctic) federal University (Arkhangelsk) in February 26—27 2015 and was dedicated to various questions of development of the Arctic. Some presentation are highlighted in the review, speaker’s suggestions included in final resolution are represented.
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Conditions and opportunities to realize the agricultural potential of the North
Статья научная
The article shows the role of the agricultural sector of the North in providing the population with fresh food products, preserving the traditional way of life of the indigenous ethnic groups, sustainable de-velopment of the northern territories, and ensuring the country's food security. The organization of agriculture in the north and Arctic territories of Scandinavia, Canada and Alaska and the possibility of its use in the Russian North, considering its own rich historical experience, is discussed in the article. The generalization of agricultural practices in northern countries allows us to recommend the Scandinavian development of agriculture and, above all, the experience of Finland for the European North of Russia. Canadian model of agricultural development is of little use for the Russian North since it was designed for sparsely populated territories. The study revealed the possibilities and limitations of the development of agriculture in the North. The critical points for the socio-economic development in the agrarian sector are the availability of natural and labor resources, the possibility of organizing organic (ecological) production within the traditional industries, the industrial nature of the economy that directs significant financial resources for the industrial modernization and the integrated development of rural areas. The study also revealed the possibilities and limitations of the agricultural development of the North. The constraints of agricultural development and food self-sufficiency are explicit. They are related to extreme natural conditions, low availability of biological resources, the poor technical support of the agrarian sector, low-qualified employees and hard living conditions of peasants, unfavorable external environment, inefficient state support, unavailability of loans, and unsustainable sales of agricultural products. The changes in the agriculture of the northern territories after the All-Russian Agricultural Censuses 2006 and 2016 revealed. The results of the study serve the ground for substantiating conceptual approaches to the development of agricultural production and increasing the level of food self-sufficiency of the local population.
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Conditions and perspectives of the Russian and foreign Arctic research fleet
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the conditions of the Russian and foreign research fleet able to work in the Arctic waters according to its technical specifications. The study has revealed that a modern common trend is construction of multi-functional research and expedition vessels, able not only to conduct research, but also to transport cargoes and to serve as icebreakers or carriers of aircrafts. The authors conclude that the Russian Arctic research fleet is the most numerous. However, it needs to be modernized because the most of the vessels were constructed in 1970s and 1980s.
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Conservation and Evolution of Marine and Coastal Ecosystems: Polar Factor
Статья научная
The paper presents an analysis of polar ecological policy actors. From this perspective, authors discuss in detail a role of state in conservation and development of marine and coastal ecosystems. Furthermore, they describe a green agenda for polar regions. At last, some ways for creating of ecological policies in the Arctic and the Antarctic regions, most especially on behalf of sea and marginal ecosystems conservation and evolution, are proposed. One of the most vital parts of such policies is staff training. The authors have attempted a comprehensive analysis of the Green Agenda at the global, national and local levels in terms of the effectiveness of its proposed mechanisms for the protection of biodiversity in polar areas. Researchers have also reviewed plans of Russia according to the new set of strategies for Arctic and Antarctic regions, which were adopted in 2020. The ideas proposed by the authors can be used in a real-case scenario both for strategies implementation and for public discussion on the global ecological problems.
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Consistency and Adaptability: New Aspects of the Arctic Policy of Sweden
Статья научная
The article is an analytical review of Sweden’s Arctic policy since the adoption of the country’s first Arctic strategy in 2011 until nowadays. The priorities of Sweden’s 2011 Arctic Strategy in the areas of environmental protection, economic cooperation and human life in the Arctic are analyzed. Sweden’s chairmanship programs at the Arctic Council for 2011–2013 and at the Barents Euro-Arctic Council for 2017–2019 are assessed for compliance with the national Arctic strategy priorities. The participation of Sweden in projects under the auspices of the Arctic Council in the 2010s and at present is presented. The content of the updated Sweden’s Arctic strategy of 2020 is analyzed. The updated strategy is compared with the strategy of 2011; the reasons for the enlargement of the thematic coverage of Sweden’s Arctic strategy of 2020 (additional priorities are international cooperation in the Arctic, security and stability in the region, and scientific cooperation) are explained. The reasons for Sweden’s emphasis on security issues in the Arctic are explained. It is concluded that Sweden’s Arctic policy from 2011 to the present is consistent and adaptable due to the changing climatic, economic, political and military situation in the Arctic region. The desire of Sweden to cooperate with the Nordic countries and NATO in the field of military cooperation in the Arctic is marked as a new tendency in Sweden’s Arctic policy. The new role of the European Union, Canada and Germany in the implementation of Swedish Arctic policy at the present stage is traced. Sweden’s Arctic strategy is also estimated in correspondence to the provisions of the Arctic Council Strategic Plan for 2021–2030.
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Consumption of alcohol by students of Ar-khangelsk in the beginning of XXI century
Статья научная
In clause (article) problems deviance as criterion of modern social safety in habitats the European North of Russia are discussed. Communication(connection) of Serious social harm which can be connected to the use of alcohol, including family and other interpersonal problems, problems on work, violent both other crimes and social safety is deduced. The researches which are directed on individual risk factors and settling down rather close to illness in a cause and effect chain, the important sociological processes ignore. In this connection preventive maintenance of drunkenness in the learning environment remains ineffective. Monitoring of process alcoholization should be continued.
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Статья научная
The authors discuss the methodological approaches to the assessment of the level and quality of life of the population. The analysis of the scientific literature shows that in most cases, such studies are based on the basic statistics. The results of such studies give rise to some controversy related to the fact that at a fairly high standard of living, determined by a statistical method, the actual level of satisfaction of the population in the region, determined by other methods, is estimated lower. In this regard, the authors offer alongside with generally accepted methods of living standards and quality assessment of the population, to use the method of content analysis, which can be also used to identify the real problems of life of the resident population of coastal areas in terms of industrial development of the Arctic region.
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