Journal articles - Arctic and North
All articles: 1028
Scientific article
The uniqueness of today's social processes triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic determines the lack of insights into the transformation of the socio-economic space of the Russian Arctic. The purpose of this article is to review the past, recent, and future conditions for development and management of the Russian Arctic, considered in the context of the unfolding crisis of a non–economic nature and its consequences. The methodological peculiarity of the review is presentation of the phenomenon of the current crisis in the context of interrelated fundamental problems of the development of the Russian Arctic, the new economic reality, which makes it difficult to reliably predict the future. This naturally led to the substantiation of a series of contradictions and difficulties in implementing the declared development goals of the Russian Arctic, that are specifically reflected in the title of the article — "chimeras", which in biology means an organism consisting of genetically heterogeneous cells. A statistical description of the specifics of socio-economic development of the Arctic regions under the COVID-19 pandemic has been carried out in the context of review of the support measures, examination of the economic structure and the corresponding scale of "disconnection" of the regions' economies during the period of isolation and the subsequent recovery. It is revealed that the Arctic regions demonstrate greater economic resilience compared to the overall Russian situation, which is associated not so much with the strengthening of stabilization measures at the federal level with the support of the regional level, but with the fundamental reasons — the relative simplicity of the Arctic extractive economy, higher population incomes, low level of small and medium business development. Navigation on the risks and opportunities of governing the Russian Arctic has been carried out, linking the fundamentals and the practical implications of the study through the traditional rationale for navigating and considering the practice of managing an object, in our case, the Arctic, as well as routing, which is, choosing the path to follow. In particular, it makes a strong case that the pandemic has deepened the problems and risks that are also major management targets for the "precursor" period and creates a new hypothetical risk — the diminishing scale of the Arctic's social and economic development goals, including practices for securing conditions for increased standards of living and quality of life for its people.
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China on a New Model of Arctic Governance
Scientific article
In China, Arctic governance is understood as a complex geopolitical and geo-economic phenomenon related to the process of decision-making and coordination of actions aimed at managing development, environmental protection and security in the Arctic region; it is regarded as an important part of global governance. Over the years, China has accumulated practical experience in participating in Arctic governance, while simultaneously focusing on its scientific and theoretical reflection, on the basis of which Chinese scholars and experts have developed their own vision of an Arctic governance model. This took place against the backdrop of the emergence of new doctrinal guidelines on the role of China’s participation in global governance, in particular the concept of a “community with a shared future for mankind” and the White Paper on China’s Arctic Policy. This, in turn, made it possible to construct a framework of theoretical argumentation for the protection of China’s national interests in the Arctic, on the basis of which China’s participation in Arctic governance developed. In the course of its participation in Arctic governance, China will inevitably face traditional mistrust towards it as a non-Arctic state; in these circumstances, and in order to strengthen its position, the country needs to develop interaction and cooperation with Russia in the Arctic region.
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China, Republic of Korea and Japan in the Arctic: politics, economy, security
Scientific article
China, South Korea and Japan are actively pursuing scientific, economic and political activities for the development of the Arctic, the Arctic resources, ensure security in it, seeking to increase its role in the Arctic Council, cooperating and competing-Rui with other countries. The paper stresses that China is in the final stage of preparation of its Arctic strategy, however, it is noted that the Arctic is important for China, but not a top priority of its foreign policy. The priorities of the Republic of Korea in the development and exploration of the Arctic, as shown by the analysis conducted by, yavlyutsya: research, the use of the Northern Sea Route for the transportation, receipt of orders from Arctic countries for Korean shipyards for the construction of offshore oil platforms, special vessels and icebreakers; development of relations with Russia. Japan is a growing interest in the Northern Sea Route, scientific research in the Arctic. We consider Japan's attempts to resolve the territorial issue with Russia. Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs supports the establishment of a new international structure in the Arctic, which was formed not on a geographical basis, and by the presence of economic interests in the region. Seoul supports the establishment, together with Russia a regional mechanism of multilateral cooperation in the Arctic, with the code name “Asia-Pacific Arctic Council”.
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Chukotskii ethnos in the ethno-cultural space
Scientific article
The description of the historical, spiritual, moral and ethnic aspects of the formation of the chukchi ethnic group in the context of its presence in the Russian space.
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Chuvans – are one of the largest tribes of yukagirs
Scientific article
Identified and presented chuvans number, location and contemporary historical homeland, paganism, shamanism, rituals, traditional crafts, as well as the current situation.
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Circumpolar habitat: safety and the health of population
Scientific article
Problems of extreme conditions for life and health of Homo sapiens in circumpolar environment and adaptation processes are discussed. Also shows limits of biological (physiological) adaptation mechanisms. Extreme and hypo comfortable circumpolar conditions of living are not the basic reasons of early mortality. But «cold factor» is considered to be very sufficient reason of primary infant and adult morbidity. Finally, we still don’t know all mechanisms of influence of extreme conditions of North on endocrine system and obesity, reproductive system of women. From the biological equivalence position noospheric paradigm is putted forward into the Arctic and Russian North development.
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Scientific article
In this article the initial history of Arkhangelsk, which owes its calendar with date of foundation of the monastery of Archangel Michael in 1388.
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Scientific article
The article identifies the components and factors of the quality of life of the population of the northern region. The specifics of social work in the North are presented. The authors considered the rating of Northern regions of Russia on quality of life and noted the relationship between the quality of life with a form of social work. The potential of community social work in the North focused on activities in the local community and aimed at strengthening individuals, families and social groups is also discussed. The authors revealed priorities and individual areas of social work according to the territorial principle in the develop-ment of approaches to implementation of the Federal project “Strong family” of the party “Edinaya Rossi-ya” (“United Russia”) in the Arkhangelsk region.
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Scientific article
The article examines the specifics of electoral behavior and preferences of voters in the Kalevalskiy District of the Republic of Karelia from the moment it was included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation in 2015 until the 2024 presidential elections. The author points out that, despite increased research interest in the Arctic national territory, electoral practices and the will of voters are not given due attention, while they allow to identify not only the value preferences of the electorate, but also to localize existing problems in the area that require measures to be taken to resolve them. The paper studies the election participation behavior of the residents of the Kalevalskiy District at the federal, regional and local levels in comparison with the population of the Republic of Karelia and its Arctic territories. The paper establishes the values of voter turnout, the indicator of protest potential in relation to the degree of elections’ alternativeness. The author also analyzes the role of political powers that traditionally participate in the elections and their influence on the voting preferences of residents of the Arctic Karelian border region. As a result of the study, a model of the typical voter in the Kalevalskiy District is created (in terms of demographic structure, it is predominantly a person older than working age, not inclined to protest, with an established system of values, and diligent civic participation in elections at various levels) that determines voting behavior and preferences. Using a neo-endogenous approach and identifying the cleavages structures based on multifactor analysis, a pattern of the Arctic national region of the Russian Arctic was constructed as a possible case for future comparative researching of national territories of the Arctic zone.
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Comparative analysis of the Russian and American strategies of the development of the Arctic
Scientific article
The article is a comparison of Russian and American strategies of the development of the Arctic zone and analyzed the mental patterns of the Western and the Eastern perception of the spacel development.
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Comparative assessment of innovative development of the Far North regions
Scientific article
The paper deals with the assessment of the level of innovative development of the Northern regions. Based on the data of the annual rating of innovative economies, performed by Bloomberg, a comparative analysis of the rating of innovative economies in the Nordic countries is presented. It is noted that Russia has been consistently ranked 25-27 in the last four years, although in 2016, it was in the 12th place. An overview analysis of methodological approaches and methods for assessing the level of innovative development of a region in Russia is carried out. On the basis of statistical data on the composite integral index, a comparative assessment of the level of innovative development of 17 regions of the Far North of the Russian Federation for 2017 is carried out, and the corresponding ranks are analyzed separately for 5 sub-indices of thematic blocks: socio-economic conditions, scientific and technical potential, innovation activity, export activity and the quality of regional innovation policy. The study shows a significant difference between the regions of the Far North of the Russian Federation in terms of the level of innovative development. In five subjects of the Far North of the Russian Federation, the values of the composite innovation index are higher than the average for the Russian Federation. Different positions occupied by regions are also observed in the rankings for individual sub-indices. The results of such ratings make it possible to assess the comparative advantages and disadvantages of specific regions for further consideration in the program documents on their innovative development.
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Competence centers for Arctic studies: thesis-based analysis
Scientific article
The article deals with theses thematic grouping, both following the Russian Arctic zone’s areas of socio-economic activity and organizations where they were prepared. Thesis selection on Arctic topics was carried out using morphemes (titles and keywords) of theses defended in 1990-2018. 1.436 of theses were selected, incl. 1.201 for the degree of Candidate of Sciences and 235 - for the degree of Doctor of Sciences amounting to 1% of the total number of analyzed theses. More than 50% of theses related to the Arctic topics were dealing with three principal areas of Arctic socio-economic activity: “water and biological resources”, “ecology, climate and people”, and “geology and minerals”. Researchers’ organizations were located in 51 different territories of the Russian Federation. Among 503 organizations involved in Arctic research on all topics, the leaders are Lomonosov Moscow State University (72 theses), Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Kola Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (62 theses), Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (43 theses). The analysis allows us to create an objective list of all organizations - Competence centers for Arctic studies - involved in areas related to Arctic socio-economic activity.
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Scientific article
Review of the conference which took place at the Northern (Arctic) federal University (Arkhangelsk) in February 26—27 2015 and was dedicated to various questions of development of the Arctic. Some presentation are highlighted in the review, speaker’s suggestions included in final resolution are represented.
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Composition of Arctic Territories for State Support: Which Way to Choose?
Scientific article
Due to the fact that currently there are several lists of Arctic territories for state support, the article describes possible options for changing their composition in the forecast period of the next decade: from complete unification of all lists to, on the contrary, extreme diversification (each list has its own tasks of state support). The research question of the article is to determine the benefits and costs of each scenario for the “set” of Arctic territories for government support. Main results: 1) four scenarios of evolution of the current system of state support of the Arctic and northern territories according to the geographical factor (composition of territories for support) — a) optimal-administrative; b) anti- district; c) polyphonic; d) limited diversity; 2) radical anti-district and optimal-administrative scenarios, comfortable for federal executive authorities, carry the highest integral risks. The polyphonic “evolutionary” scenario carries minimal risks, when, simultaneously with the preservation of the institution of northern regional guarantees and compensation, institutions of the multifaceted Arctic are established — for resident investors, geostrategic, and entrepreneurial. But it also turns out to be the most expensive for the federal budget; 3) for the integral scenario, it is advisable to take into account the following elements of the described scenarios: multiple lists of Arctic regions for different forms of state support; preservation in a limited form of the former regional institution of social support for the northern and Arctic territories; full support for small and medium-sized manufacturing entrepreneurs in the Arctic and North, primarily in areas with limited delivery times for goods; gradual transformation of support for localities equated to regions of the Far North, from northern and Arctic institutions to all-Russian regional ones; introduction of institutions that encourage the technological transformation of the previous industrial structure and the formation of a new digital structure throughout the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
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Scientific article
This article examines the current socio-economic challenges relating to ensuring the safety and well-being of residents in remote and hard-to-reach areas of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to provide a scientific basis for measures to ensure the safety and well-being of the population living in the Far North, as well as the social security of Russian citizens in remote and in-accessible areas of the Arctic, with a view to the sustainable socio-economic development of the Arctic regions of Russia. The object of the study is the population of remote and isolated territories in the Arctic zone of Russia. The subject of the study is defined as the system of life support for the population, which ensures the safety of people’s livelihoods in these territories under specific conditions of economic de-velopment, climate, transport links, and the state of road, transport, social and other infrastructure. The objectives of the study are: to analyze socio-economic and environmental problems in the process of vital activity of the population in these territories; to formulate the solutions of these problem through the introduction of a new subject of social legal relations “Zemstvo Rescuer”; to construct conceptual and descriptive models of a prototype life safety system, taking into account the functioning of this new subject of legal relations. The results of the research were approved at the International Scientific and Practical Conference “State Policy in the Field of Security in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation”, held in January 2025 as part of the working program of the “Safe Arctic – 2025” exercises involving the forces and resources of the unified state system for the prevention and elimination of emergencies in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
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Scientific article
The Arctic region has significant potential for the extraction of mineral and energy resources. However, effective resource development requires careful and balanced decisions that minimize environmental impact and ensure sustainable resource management. This article discusses the development of a conceptual model of the ontology of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, focused on logistics and digital infrastructure. Ontology is a powerful tool for organizing areas of knowledge, providing a formal representation of concepts and their interrelationships. The main classes, relations, attributes and rules of functioning of the ontological model are defined. The significance of digitalization and logistic routes in the extreme climate of the Arctic is demonstrated. The proposed ontology systematizes information about logistics and digital components of the Arctic region of Russia. It allows creating a structured knowledge base that will enable stakeholders to analyze complex interdependencies, develop effective management strategies and make informed decisions that contribute to sustainable development in this vulnerable ecosystem. In developing the ontology, we aim to provide a unified view of the Arctic’s logistics and digital sphere, which helps stakeholders better navigate the complex system of challenges and opportunities.
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Conditions and opportunities to realize the agricultural potential of the North
Scientific article
The article shows the role of the agricultural sector of the North in providing the population with fresh food products, preserving the traditional way of life of the indigenous ethnic groups, sustainable de-velopment of the northern territories, and ensuring the country's food security. The organization of agriculture in the north and Arctic territories of Scandinavia, Canada and Alaska and the possibility of its use in the Russian North, considering its own rich historical experience, is discussed in the article. The generalization of agricultural practices in northern countries allows us to recommend the Scandinavian development of agriculture and, above all, the experience of Finland for the European North of Russia. Canadian model of agricultural development is of little use for the Russian North since it was designed for sparsely populated territories. The study revealed the possibilities and limitations of the development of agriculture in the North. The critical points for the socio-economic development in the agrarian sector are the availability of natural and labor resources, the possibility of organizing organic (ecological) production within the traditional industries, the industrial nature of the economy that directs significant financial resources for the industrial modernization and the integrated development of rural areas. The study also revealed the possibilities and limitations of the agricultural development of the North. The constraints of agricultural development and food self-sufficiency are explicit. They are related to extreme natural conditions, low availability of biological resources, the poor technical support of the agrarian sector, low-qualified employees and hard living conditions of peasants, unfavorable external environment, inefficient state support, unavailability of loans, and unsustainable sales of agricultural products. The changes in the agriculture of the northern territories after the All-Russian Agricultural Censuses 2006 and 2016 revealed. The results of the study serve the ground for substantiating conceptual approaches to the development of agricultural production and increasing the level of food self-sufficiency of the local population.
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Conditions and perspectives of the Russian and foreign Arctic research fleet
Scientific article
The article is devoted to the conditions of the Russian and foreign research fleet able to work in the Arctic waters according to its technical specifications. The study has revealed that a modern common trend is construction of multi-functional research and expedition vessels, able not only to conduct research, but also to transport cargoes and to serve as icebreakers or carriers of aircrafts. The authors conclude that the Russian Arctic research fleet is the most numerous. However, it needs to be modernized because the most of the vessels were constructed in 1970s and 1980s.
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Scientific article
The article publishes the results of the research devoted to the analysis of dominant identities, the position of the population in relation to civic and regional patriotism. Theoretical approaches to analyzing the problem of the relationship between the concepts of “nation” and “patriotism”, as well as the relationship between the configuration of dominant identities and the forms of state formations in the context of this idea are considered. The article presents the results of a questionnaire survey of the population conducted in the spring of 2024 in two regions of Russia — the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The hierarchy of identities is revealed, the results of the study showed that the Russian identity turned out to be the most significant for the population of both regions. Regional patriotism is more inherent in ethnic groups that have historically inhabited these territories; however, differences were revealed in the regions of the study. In Yakutia, the ethnic identity of respondents of Yakut nationality actualizes the importance of regional rather than ethnic identity, while in Chukotka this tendency is not manifested among Chukchi. The assumption is made that civilizations in the modern world represent a special structure of interaction between the identities of people who are part of it. The specificity of the Russian civilization is that in a multi-ethnic state the ethnic identity, which is institutionalized by the state, is dominant along with the civic identity.
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