Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 940
Еcophysiological characteristic of plants communities under the bird rookery of West Spitsbergen
Статья научная
In the Arctic nature carries out its unique experiments, an example of which is the vegetation of bird colonies, where life is determined by the organic matter, which is taken out from the sea birds and is used only under the bird colonies. The absorption of nitrogen in the Arctic is limited by abiotic factors: low temperature and humidity, the slow erosion of rocks, low transpiration and the presence of permafrost. The data on the content of total nitrogen and chlorophyll in plants and lichens in communities located beneath bird colonies in the West Svalbard. The study showed that plant communities of rookeries, where the effect of one of the limiting factors of the Arctic (poor soil horizon) is reduced, give some idea of the "Green Arctic", where the current climate change is guiding it.
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Рositioning of Russia in the Arctic: problem aspects
Статья научная
The issues of the present situation in the Arctic, Arctic challenges and features of the economic development are analyzed. Basis for the development of the Arctic economy model, the need for organizational changes effective management of the Russian Federation Arctic zone are identified.
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Статья научная
Еxamination of the sources (annalistic codes, verbal folklore) not only allows us to determine the reliability of the historical texts, but also helps us to actualize the events of the past. Marfa Boretskaya’s name is well-known by the historians, but as sources indicate, the role in the foundation of the northern monasteries is grossly exaggerated.
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‘Trouble spots’ of the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The research of ‘trouble spots’ in the Russian Arctic in the sphere of Ecology, Economy, Management, Social life.
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Статья научная
The article represents a brief overview of the speeches presented at the “Cold Peace in the Arctic” International Conference (Oslo, Norway, September 2018) attended by experts from Russia, Norway, and other countries. The author believes that many representatives of the scientific community see prospects for mitigating contradictions and strengthening international cooperation in the Arctic.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of open data from international sociological Internet resources (Trompenaars Hampden-Turner Connecting Viewpoints, Hofstede Insights Ltd) in relation to the Arctic countries. As it is known, the models of F. Trompenaars, G. Hofstede are focused on the study of differences in business cultures and the analysis of cross-cultural communication, i.e. the study of the national characteristics of the organizational culture of the countries, their “cultural compass”. The relevance of the proposed topic is dictated by a number of factors: firstly, the Arctic region is an area of geopolitical competition between Russia and predominantly Western countries; secondly, the most important element in the struggle for geopolitical supremacy is “organizational culture” as the most important element of “soft power”; thirdly, it is important to understand how Western sociological models see the relationship (similarities and differences) of cultural factors on the example of key stakeholders in the Arctic region; fourthly, it is important to determine the place that Russia occupies in these ratings; fifthly, Western attempts to constrain Russia in the region determine the need to include in the sample not only data on the members of the Arctic Council (represented, with the exception of Russia, only by NATO countries), but also on Russia’s allies within the BRICS, in particular data on the organizational culture of China, which has long-term interests in the Arctic region. Within this logic, a number of questions arise: what is the “vision” created by Western Internet resources about the organizational culture of different countries, how the data obtained correlate with each other in the light of the current geopolitical situation. Comparing the results of different models and the statistical results obtained on their basis can lead to non-trivial conclusions, in particular about the scientific component of such ratings and their impact on the business image of countries in the world as a whole, and the Arctic region in particular.
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Статья научная
The article considers “digital twins” of the population as a tool for socio-demographic research and territorial management. The experience of creating digital twins of the population and interactive websites devoted to demographic issues is systematized. A methodology for creating a digital twin of the Arctic population is proposed, based on three methodological principles: consideration of the hierarchy of territories, spatial representation of data, and combining demographic statistics with new digital data sources. The author has developed the Digital twin of the Arctic population — an interactive website (dashboard) containing detailed data on the Arctic population, including municipal and settlement levels. It includes demographic statistics, census results and data from digital platforms. The Digital twin of the Arctic population covers such issues as the size, dynamics and composition of the population, resettlement, natural and migration movement, labor and employment, transport movements, science and education, and the impact of the pandemic on demographic processes. Tools of ranking, multivariate analysis, clustering and forecasting of indicator values are implemented for researchers. From the viewpoint of state and municipal management, the main interest is the demographic profiles of regions and territories, reflecting up-to-date information about the demographic situation. Using the Digital twin of the Arctic population, the author draws conclusions about the spatial patterns of the demographic development of the Russian Arctic.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the socio-economic adaptation of single-industry towns’ population on the example of single-industry settlements in the North-West of Russia. The work’s theoretical and methodological framework is the approaches of scientists who study the grassroots practices of survival of small towns and villages (seasonal work, commuting, a distributed way of life, the informal economy). The empirical base of the study are statistical data collected from the databases of EMISS, SPARK Interfax, the Foundation for the Development of Single-Industry Towns, websites of administrations of single-industry settlements in the Northwestern Federal District, as well as data from field studies collected by the method of semi-formalized interviews with representatives of administrations and deputies of city and regional councils, with ordinary residents of single-industry towns in Republic of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda oblasts. The study’s preliminary results are presented: first, an analysis of the contradictions in the management approach. Many single-industry settlements in the Northwestern Federal District do not meet the criteria according to which they are included in the official list of single-industry towns. Also, government support measures to rescue “dying” monotowns are ineffective. Secondly, empirical research results show that residents of single-industry towns have developed strategies for adapting to new socio-economic conditions of life, which are not associated with employment in a city-forming enterprise. These strategies include: 1) rotational work or seasonal work; 2) pendulum migration within spontaneous local agglomerations; 3) “distributed lifestyle”; 4) involvement in various spheres of the informal economy. Thus, single-industry towns “do not die” but survive primarily due to the population’s grassroots economic practices.
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Статья научная
The present article provides a brief introduction to the first comprehensive scholarly account in English of the history of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) from the earliest exploration to the first decades of the 21st century. It was published in October 2022 under the title “From Northeast Passage to Northern Sea Route. A History of the waterway North of Eurasia” by Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. This introduction touches on a few important issues that are discussed in the volume, which is written by a team of Russian, Norwegian, Dutch and British historians and political scientists. The first stage of this project was carried through in the 1990s, within the framework of INSROP (The International Northern Sea Route Programme (1993–1999)), which was conducted by the Fridtjof Nansen Institute in Oslo. As a result of their efforts four working papers appeared on the history of NSR. In the end a decision was made to develop the topic further into a collective monograph. This second stage of the project, however, started only many years later, in 2015, and was executed in the course of seven years, now under the leadership of the UiT - The Arctic University of Norway. In the present article you will find information about the contents and direction of the monograph, as well as a small sample from the book, chosen from a multitude of other themes, for the simple reason that it is relevant to the recent commemoration of 150th anniversary of Franz Josef Land’s discovery (1873–2023).
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“Gold-Boiling” Mangazeya — A Legendary City of the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
For centuries, the Russians have been persistently developing the northern territories, moving further and further eastwards both by land and by sailing across the northern seas. The main goal of these journeys was furs, the trade of which brought huge profits to both industrialists and the state, being the main export item. Gradually, as reserves were depleted, the center of production shifted to the north and east, where enterprising industrialists actively penetrated, followed by the sovereign’s people, who taxed local tribes. At the end of the 16th century, the state, represented by Tsar Boris Godunov, realized the need to establish control over the territories beyond the Ob River, which were called Mangazeya, where Pomor merchants and industrialists were uncontrollably extracting furs. For this purpose, by Godunov’s decree of 1600, the city of Mangazeya was founded on the Taz River, which for several decades became the main stronghold and capital of the vast Mangazeya district. A huge flow of “soft gold” passed through the city, bringing income to the treasury and enriching enterprising people. From Mangazeya, detachments of industrialists and Cossacks went further east, to the Yenisei and Lena rivers, founding new strongholds, securing Siberian lands for the Russian state. The wealth of the northern territories attracted the interest of foreign invaders, who planned to seize these lands under various pretexts, taking advantage of the weakening of the Russian state during the Time of Troubles.
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Другой
Here we publish the resolution of the round table “Green economy: the environmental imperatives for economic development of the Russian Arctic”, held within the framework of the 2nd meeting of the Arctic Expert Club on the 23rd of October 2015. The organizers of the round table: the Institute of Regional Studies and Urban-planning of the Higher School of Economics, Arctic Center for Strategic Studies NArFU named after M.V. Lomonosov. Co-organizers the Russian Institute of Strategic Studies (RISS).
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“Nordman”: preconditions to social and cultural typology of Northern man
Статья научная
In the article authors have presented theoretical attempt in the polemic form to define actual social and cultural type of northern person – «nordman». The bases of intrinsic criteria of social and cultural typology of the person in coordinates of the certain space-time were specified.
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Статья научная
The article presents the research of local identity of Patrakeevka villagers (Primorsky district, Arkhangelsk Oblast). The study grounds on the fieldwork materials collected during the folklore-ethnographic expedition of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University to Patrakeevka village in 2015. In the period of globalization, a study of local communities and their identity allows to reveal traditional culture peculiarities. The village is located on the shore of the White Sea. Therefore, it has a fishing type of economy and culture. The indigenous people there belong to the local group of Pomors from the Northern Coast of the White Sea. To study local identity of the indigenous community, the author deals with traditional and trade practices, functioning of localgroup nicknames and peculiarities of historical and cultural memory. The study also defines boundaries of the micro-area with Patrakeevka being its center.
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“Pomor Trade” and “Russian Pomors” in Russian State legislation in XIX century
Статья научная
An analysis of the Russian Empire legislation of the nineteenth century on Pomor trade is made. The legislation defined the preferential terms, the territory, and the population which was allowed to trade with Norway. This territory was called «Pomorie Region», and its population began being called «Russian Pomors.» Texts of historical documents are published in the annex.
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Статья научная
The article presents a brief overview of a series of books prepared in 2012–2017 by the Deputy Director of the National Park “Russian Arctic”, Cand. Sci. (Geogr.) Victor Kuznetsov and Honored artist of the Russian Federation Alexey Grigoriev. The series is devoted to the exploration history of the National Park’s area located in the Arkhangelsk Oblast — the Arctic archipelagoes of Novaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land. The article emphasizes the special importance of the illustrated edition, chosen by the co-authors, which allowed them to achieve a goal: an interesting combination of artistic approach and historical content makes the V.S. Kuznetsov’s books accessible to the public reader. The article provides a summary of all five books of the series: “The history of three “capitals” of the Arctic Archipelago of Franz Josef Land” (2012), “Attraction of the Earth” (2013), “From the balloon to the Polar aviation” (2014), “Secrets of the life in the ice” (2015), “A sea route to the Arctic” (2017).
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Статья научная
This note presents the leading Russian periodical which covers the researchеs of the polar regions. Information regarding its subject area, structure, and features is given.
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Статья научная
Anders Andelin was a Finnish clergyman who engaged in Sámi research in the northernmost parsonage of Finland in the 1850s. His efforts were not exceptional, as the residents of 19th century European rural parsonages practiced a lot of research. Andelin himself was an amateur ethnographer, historian, archaeologist, meteorologist, geographer, natural scientist, linguist, and toponymist. He was, as a Sámi researcher, between old and new scientific traditions: The middle of the nineteenth century has been regarded as a turning point in the history of academic research in Finland. Until then, researchers collected folklore, historical sources, plants, and meteorological observations. Around the 1850s the focus shifted from collecting and listing towards more analytical and experimental research. Andelin published his writings in scientific journals but also compiled a lot of detailed information related to the Sámi people, as the Sámi were thought to be a primitive people heading towards extinction. The clergymen who came to Lapland also viewed the Sámi lands through the lens of cultivation. They gathered statistics, which could be used to justify the need for the efforts of agriculture in Lapland.
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“The neighbors on the roof of Europe” strengthen friendly relations
Статья научная
The article is devoted to analysis of Russian-Norwegian conference “Potential of town twinning for the effective development of the Northern territories” held in Arkhangelsk on the 22nd of September 2017. The review article examines the results of discussion about conditions and prospects of cross-border cooperation in the Northern areas of Russia and Norway. Special attention is paid to the innovative interregional projects with the participation of business, academia and municipalities of two countries, and studying the experience of the parties in the social, economic and cultural spheres.
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