Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 752
Статья научная
The problems of historical and cultural monuments are connected with solving ecological problems, combination of the national and international, class and common to all mankind in modern culture. Exposure of unique features of Russian inhabitants and other peoples, culture gives opportunity to use the achievements of the past in modern culture. The special value of historical and cultural monuments of the Extreme North is connected with the little number of written sources on ancient history of this region, lack of writing traditions of Northern peoples, small number of sources of early period of Russian Arstic navigation, lack of Log-books and diaries, a lot of unsettled questions of tragic death of members of dirferent polar expeditions.
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An enigmatic iron artifact from Oksa bay coast, the North of The Sea of Okhotsk
Статья научная
A forged iron item found on the Sea of Okhotsk shore displays some similarity with items representing different cultural traditions, but, however, it appears somewhat different from all of them. It can be a walking-stick, pick, graze or poker. Its ethnic origins, place and time of its manufacturing can be established, if providing similar artifacts are reported from other areas.
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An estimate of the ecological risc. Analitical review of Publications
Статья научная
Based on a review of contemporary publications in the article examines the role of modeling in risk assessment examines the concepts of environmental risk, the risk to human health, reveals problems and ecological risk assessment methodology. All of these issues are directly related to the situation in the Arctic.
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An integrated approach to tourism development in protected natural areas
Статья научная
The article presents the assessment of tourist activity in terms of development of economy and a result of increased interest of people to rest and travel in the Arctic. Development of the ecotourism in the protected areas is in focus of the article. A draft concept of tourism development in the National park “Russian Arctic” and the state nature reserve of federal importance “Franz Josef Land” are discussed in the context of the most promising approaches to the their development.
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Статья научная
The article examines foreign experience in implementing regional financial policy in relation to the Arctic territories. It assesses the experience of such sub-arctic countries as Canada, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and the USA. The paper identifies two groups of financial instruments of territorial development: within the framework of general regional policy (instruments of fiscal capacity equalization, taxation instruments, instruments to increase investment attractiveness) and within the framework of special policy for the development of Arctic territories (program-targeted instruments, special development funds, direct allocation of funds for current expenses and development). It is concluded that the Arctic countries apply different approaches and tools to the development of the regions located in the Arctic zone, the choice of which is determined by the type of state structure, the degree of financial independence of the regions in the sphere of financial regulation, the level of development of the northernmost subjects compared to the rest of the country. In the conditions of Russia, it is possible to use the best foreign experience in the sphere of financial regulation of development of the regions located in the Arctic zone. In particular, it is possible to use the experience of applying program-targeted development tools, the formation of special development funds, which are based on revenues from the use of natural resources of the Arctic, as well as the experience of creating favourable conditions to attract investors for the implementation of economically attractive projects.
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Статья научная
The article examines the issues of financing the development of the Russian Arctic territories and the participation of banking structures in this process. A set of strategic documents for the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is considered, the dynamics of approved amounts of funding for Arctic development programs are analyzed, and the structure of sources of financing for investment in fixed assets in regions whose territory belongs to the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is studied. It is concluded that banks are not sufficiently involved in investment activities in most of the Arctic regions (except the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous district, where the active role of banking institutions is due to participation in the financing of large gas and oil production projects in the Northern part of the region), and in recent years, foreign banking structures decline investment activity. The article describes the prospects of participation of the largest Russian banking structures in implementing large-scale projects in the Arctic, such as VTB Bank, Sberbank of Russia, and Gazprombank. The analysis of the possibilities of concentration of banking capital, as well as the use of mechanisms of public-private partnership based on the creation of a single financial institution with state participation is performed. The most effective form of improving the efficiency of financial flows management in the framework of strategic development of the Arctic territories can be the creation of The Bank for reconstruction and development of the Arctic.
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Статья научная
According to the results of the building expertise of facilities that are constructed, operated and repaired in the Arctic zone of the North-West Russia the authors made a critical analysis of pricing and the estimated valuation. A number of shortcomings revealed and suggestions on improving the pricing were made. Implementation of the proposals could form an unbiased starting price of construction projects.
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Статья
The anthropogenic changes of permafrost conditions in the key areas of the European North of Russia − village Koida (Mezenskaya tundra), village Nes (Kanin peninsula), village Shoina (Kanin peninsula), Mezen city, Vashutkini lakes (Bol'shezemel'skaya tundra), Amderma (Yugorsky peninsula), the northern part of the island Vaigach. Geocryological characteristics of sites and the main types of anthropogenic changes in permafrost conditions describe.
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Статья научная
The article studies the legal approaches of the USA, Canada, Greenland, Norway and Iceland towards regulation of the oil and gas drilling on the Arctic shelf. Similarities and differences in the legislation are highlighted based on analyzing the legal provisions of each state. The criteria for the comparative analysis are the extent of legislation development, flexibility of provisions, division of regulative and control functions among the state bodies, etc. The author concludes that while legislation of Iceland and Greenland is only on its way to a final drafting and mainly refers to international stand-ards, Norway, on the contrary, is an example of a state with well-developed legislation enabling it to be one of the leaders in oil and gas industry. Though the USA and Canada have elaborated system of regulation of oil and gas companies’ activities on the Arctic shelf. Both are notable for strict provisions that contributed to the outflow of private operators from the Arctic shelf.
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Arctic Corporations and Development Risks: Challenge and Response
Статья научная
The realities of the Russian Arctic in recent decades make it possible to determine a special phenomenon of corporate development risks, which can be structured into resource, institutional and ecosystem risks. The resource risk reflects the contradiction between the conjuncture of the global resource markets and the specific conditions for the development of unique deposits located in the Arctic zone; institutional risk — between federal norms and rules for the development of natural resource deposits and local specific conditions for the construction and operation of resource facilities in the Arctic; ecosystem risk reflects the contradiction between large-scale economic activity and the fragility of Arctic natural systems. As a result of a comparative assessment of the development risks of three Arctic corporations in Russia, it was found that the highest risk is typical for the facilities of Norilsk Nickel, the lowest — for NovaTEK, and Gazpromneft is in the middle. Using the OLI paradigm of John Dunning, it can be argued that Arctic corporations respond to the challenge of development risks by adapting their spatial, institutional and organizational structure to the conditions for the development of resources and resource territories. The spatial factor is most efficiently used by Norilsk Nickel, then NovaTEK, in the strategy of adaptation to development risks, with the receipt of benefits from localization and the creation of a regional cluster, while Gazpromneft is the least effective. The institutional factor is most effectively used by NovaTEK and Gazpromneft, and the least by Norilsk Nickel. The organizational and structural factor as a tool for adapting to risks is most skillfully used by Gazpromneft, weaker — by NovaTEK and Norilsk Nickel. Integrally, the best positions in the strategy of adaptation to development risks are held by Gazpromneft, and the worst positions by Norilsk Nickel, which has the most significant contrast between the size of development risks and the means of adaptation to them. Strengthening the internal competencies of the company and its corporate innovation system is the most important way to successfully cope with the high risks of corporate development of resources and spaces of the Arctic.
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Arctic Regions’ development problems and prospects (based on the expert survey)
Статья научная
The article presents the results of the survey made in Arkhangelsk, Murmansk region and Nenets Autonomous District. The assessment of the Arctic policy at the federal level and the evaluation of the system of support of the population of the Arctic are in the focus of the article. The authors reflect on the inter-‐regional cooperation, the Arctic regional policies and prospects of the region.
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Arctic council: outcome of the first year of the icelandic presidency
Статья научная
In the article based on the report of the Chairman of the Committee of Senior Officials in the Arctic Council, Einar Gunnarsson «Together on the road to a sustainable Arctic: one year in 2019-2021 of the presidency of Iceland», the first year of Iceland’s Arctic Council presidency is reviewed by the Senior Officials Committee. Key priorities for action are identified, which are protecting the Arctic marine environment, combating ocean acidification; sustainable development of the fisheries sector; reducing ocean pollution; combating marine debris; combating climate change and introducing green energy; ensuring the sustainable development of the indigenous community of the Arctic; continuing to strengthen and enhance the role of the Arctic Council in maintaining peace, international cooperation and political stability in the Arctic region. Also, the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the Icelandic presidency and the development of Arctic cooperation are being considered. Of interest is the analysis of measures taken to counter the pandemic among the small indigenous communities of the North, Siberia and the Russian Far East. Iceland’s plans for the second year of its chairmanship of the Arctic Council are indicated. The author also discusses Russian-Icelandic cooperation at the current stage in the economic field and in the sphere of interregional relations. It is noted that our countries share a common memory of the joint struggle against fascism, and Russia remembers with gratitude Iceland’s contribution to the formation and support of polar convoys.
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Arctic frontier: Ice Silk Road and its role in China's advance to the Arctic
Статья научная
In recent circumstances of world climate change, Arctic zone has become of great interest for those countries actively involved in its development. With the constant climate warming, deglaciation and increasing of sea-level, commercial transport ways through the Arctic Ocean become a possible economic solution for large exporting countries. Due to importance of north passage for China, Beijing proclaimed itself as a "near-circle State" to get advantages from the development of Northern Sea Route (NSR) that can provide direct access to the Arctic zone and its natural resources. Considering this, China has recently published its White Paper on Arctic Policy, where it announces "Ice Silk Road" to be the official Arctic strategy of China. This article underlines the major intentions and interests of China in its Arctic strategy. One of China's intentions is an enhancement of the Northern Sea Route, that still raises concerns from the specialists whether it can be applicable part of Arctic strategy of China. This article approves that according to Ice Silk Road's connotation Russia should play an indispensable role in China's advancement to the Arctic zone through NSR. Moreover, the author investigates the influence of "Ice Silk Road" on Sino-Russian relations. Both China and Russia appear to prioritize this strategy to ameliorate economic situation and infrastructure in less-developed regions of two countries. Though, economic development of Arctic coastal cities is one of the priorities of the Russian Federation, it remains to be attentive to the involvement of China in the development of the region, mainly out of fear that it will influence its legal position in the Arctic region. Meanwhile, it stays important that two governments come to a consensus concerning the legislative basis of NSR usage and have a deep assessment of advantages and disadvantages that come out as a result of their partnership.
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Arctic interests and policy of France
Статья научная
The author considers scientific, economic and political activities of France for the development and exploration of the Arctic, providing security there. Along with some other non-Arctic countries, France is not ready to accept such a situation when eight members of the Arctic Council solve Arctic problems on behalf of all mankind.
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Arctic is not faceless. Arctic is real people, with their own history and experience
Статья научная
Ildar Dzhuraev told the Journal about his life in the Arctic, work as a top manager, his professional achievements in the management of a municipal institution and plans for 2015. He presented his assessment of the development of the North, emphasizing the uniqueness of Taimyr, where almost all mineral resources could be found. He noted that Taimyr was inhabited by really strongwilled people with high potential and ability to work, who were concerned about the problems of the Arctic and were willing to contribute to its development.
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Arctic projects of the Arkhangelsk Region
Статья научная
The article analyzes the implementation of the state order for military defense products and the potential of Severodvinsk shipyards and shipbuilding innovative cluster. The area has a number of successfully implemented projects in the region and development industry for diamond deposits. The project aimed at development of lead-zinc deposit “Pavlovsk” on the Novaya Zemlya is done. Arkhangelsk region becomes a leader in the development of bioenergy on the principles of “green economy”, and it operates an innovative timber cluster “PomorInnovaLes”. The real breakthrough is the establishment of the RAS Federal Research Center for the complex study of the Arctic in Arkhangelsk. In general, our region is not just the area occupied with generating new ideas and projects, but also preserving cultural and historical traditions.
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Arctic strategy of the subarctic states: general and especial
Статья научная
There are considering in comparison the arctic strategies of the main arctic states: Russia, USA, Canada, Norway, Denmark. The author stresses the high level of Russian arctic strategy working out and the soft power using in the north strategy of Norway.
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Arctic subsea communication cables and the regional development of northern peripheries
Статья научная
Some years ago, the Arctic Ocean was still described as one of the last oceans that did not have subsea communications cables across it. This situation is now changing. One of the greatest increases in global data transfer is predicted to be traffic between Asia and Europe, and the Arctic Ocean offers a shortcut, making physical cable connections shorter and decreasing latency. Recent developments regarding two ongoing subsea communications cable projects (Quintillion and Arctic Connect), which aim to connect East Asia and Europe, are discussed, and the connection between these projects and regional development policies in Hokkaido and northern Finland are analysed. It is shown that the proposition that improved international connectivity through subsea communications cables could bring information-intensive industries into the region had been stronger in Finland. This is largely due to a lack of information and awareness concerning these projects among the regional actors in Hokkaido; however, no concrete policy or funding instrument has been developed in either of the case regions.
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