Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 752
Статья научная
The Arctic region has long been at the center of world politics and economy. One of the reasons for the transformation of the global fringe into a center of attraction for the economic, geo-ecological and geopolitical interests of foreign countries is the Arctic is undergoing dynamic transformations. In the socio-political and scientific research agenda of the Arctic States, there are acute issues of accumulation and exchange of knowledge about changes taking place in the natural and socio-economic environment of a non-standard region from the point of view of management. The Arctic strategies of the Northern European States seek to fill the vacuum about the trends of environmental changes in the Arctic, the impact of natural transformations on the environment, socio-economic development, population security, and the use of natural resources by indigenous peoples. This task is planned to be solved through the development of research activities of universities located in the Far North and in the Arctic zone of Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden, as well as Iceland. The article describes the scientific interests of the Northern European States in the Arctic. Using analytical and comparative methods, the goal is achieved - to characterize universities as one of the parts of their scientific and educational space in the Nordic countries. An attempt is made to answer the question: how does educational and research activities contribute to the implementation of state program documents for the development of natural resources in the Arctic and the use of its spaces? The further direction of scientific research may be to compare the educational and research activities of universities in Northern Europe and universities in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
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Contribution to the study of history of the Kola North
Статья научная
Scientific activity by Irina A. Razumova in the field of historical and social anthropology on the Kola North is analyzed. The book of documentary materials "The History of Family of Zhidkih on the Background of Pomor Culture" is estimated.
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Cooperation between Russia and China in Arctic shipping: current state and prospects
Статья научная
The article analyzes the cooperation between China and Russia in the field of Arctic shipping. The author compares the tasks of the Northern Sea Route development and the Ice Silk Road construction. This allows identifying the factors that promote and hinder cooperation. The author examines the specifics of the Sino-Russian format of comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction that helps to mitigate contradictions between the national interests of the two states. The author examines the current cooperation between Russia and China in the field of Arctic shipping, identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in key areas of interaction (SWOT analysis). The author concludes that differences between interests and status of the two states in the Arctic provides Russia a strategic advantage in its relations with the PRC. This balance may be maintained within the framework of a multilateral cooperation. At the same time, cooperation with China in the field of marine security is promising in case of keeping existing power balance. In conclusion, the author suggests areas for cooperation to increase the effectiveness of bilateral interaction in the field of Arctic shipping.
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Статья научная
Mechanisms for coordinating the activities of international interstate and macro-regional organizations of the North-Arctic regions, the implementation of which may be directly related to the program of the Russian Federation’s Presidency of the International Arctic Council in 2021-2023, are proposed. Among these organizations, primarily the Arctic Council is an international forum, which operates on the basis of interstate government agreements of the highest level between the Arctic countries. But in recent years, the Arctic territories’ activities at the macro-regional and regional levels, their regional and local governments have increased. How are the efforts of these top-level intergovernmental and regional communities and societies coordinated? For example, how is the interaction of the Arctic Council with the established sufficiently effective Barents / Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC) or the Northern Forum regulated and the newly created Bering / Pacific-Arctic Council (BPAC)? Do we need clear and well-coordinated mechanisms for this interaction and who should do it? The analysis concludes that a special task force is needed within the Arctic Council structure to develop mechanisms for coordinating its activities with similar macro-regional structures to make the process a coherent and focused one to address the priorities of the Arctic basin in the coming decades. The duration of this task force will depend on the outcome of the task at hand. This proposal is very timely, as it is possible to implement it during the presidency of the Russian Federation in the Arctic Council in 2021-2023.
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Counterterrorism in the Russian Arctic: legal framework and central actors
Статья научная
Russia’s strategic interests in the Arctic coupled with a complex and diffuse terrorist threat has produced a niche topic: Arctic counterterrorism. Arctic counterterrorism is a new and underdeveloped topic that has received only limited attention. This article contributes a discussion of the legal framework and the main actors involved in countering terrorism in the Russian Arctic. The author finds that the legal framework for counterterrorism is extensive yet centered in core documents. Similarly, counterterrorism involves many and varied actors united in a relatively simple and streamlined national system for counterterrorism. Current legal regulation and organisation provide a solid base that may support efficient management of counterterrorism, also in the Arctic. A notable strength is the concentration of coordination responsibilities in the hands of one central actor, the FSB. Another important characteristic is that the system is symmetrical and follows Russia’s federal organisation with coordinating bodies for all regions including those in the Arctic. Counterterrorism legislation is kept up to date and the trend is towards tougher punishments and a wide understanding of terrorist offenses. A potential weak spot is the unclear role of the newly formed National Guard. The uncertainty surrounding the role of the National Guard in the fight against terrorism may challenge the FSB and weaken coordination of the system for counterterrorism in the future.
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Статья научная
The article is based on a review of the geopolitical problems of the Arctic region, represented in the contemporary American media discourse on the example of the newspaper «The New York Times». The paper was chosen because it is an example of traditional American journalism, which adheres to the princi-ples of objectivity. As a result of the analysis, the following trend was found — throughout 2001-2005 years the newspaper actively presented two Arctic issues: the feasibility of oil drilling in Alaska and the problem of climate change in the Arctic. Since 2007, the arctic problematics on the pages of newspapers became relevant in the context of geopolitical issues, which was connected to the event of August 2, 2007, namely the setting of the Russian flag in the Arctic Ocean. Coverage of the Arctic issues was carried out in the context of competition, and later — international cooperation. In the period from 2011 to 2018, the focus of the American newspaper was pointed out to the climate change and resource development in the Arctic.
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Creation of development zones in the Arctic: methodology and practice
Статья научная
The article describes the basic principles and methodological bases of formation and development of the supporting areas of the Russian Arctic. The work emphasizes that the basis of the methodological approach in the formation of the supporting areas is a vector of development of the territory as an integral project on the principle of coordination of all "industrial" activities in the planning, goal-setting, financing and implementation, which will allow to reduce all kinds of costs and expenses, as well as all the projects included in the supporting areas should be aimed at the development of the macroregion as a whole, not just to solve individual tasks of the industry. The article underlines that the formation of the supporting areas is aimed at achieving a single global goal — to encourage efficiency and diversification of the economy of the Arctic zone, oriented to the preservation and development of the Northern Sea Route.
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Статья научная
This article discusses the concept of creative class R. Florida, its history and basic provisions. Special attention is paid to the creativity index as an indicator of the R. Florida building long-term regional development. The article mentions the method of calculation of the index of creativity, according to the likelihood of transfer of this technique in the Russian reality, and points to the possibility of using this analysis in the formation of strategies for regional development.
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Статья научная
The paper views the Roan wind farm, which is a part of the Fosen Vind Project — the biggest planned onshore wind farm in Europe — from an impact assessment standpoint. Using the traditional stages of the impact assessment (such as screening, scoping and identification of the baseline conditions and crucial impacts), the research implements the ‘traffic light system’ to assess the magnitude of the core effects of the project on different dimensions — i.e. society and nature. Even though the previously conducted assessment describes the project as an extremely successful one with huge potential of generating sustainable energy, the current analysis reveals some of its greatest shortcomings. Social and wildlife aspects are its major drawbacks: the construction site is on the grounds used for the summer grazing by the Saami reindeers and the height and number of turbines significantly threatens migrating birds. Thus, even though the project happens to be economically attractive, it is a rather controversial undertaking when viewed from social and natural perspectives. The paper thus presents many solutions for the minimization of these negative impacts.
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Critical tendencies of the transport infrastructure development in the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
In the article, the authors discussed the formation of a single transport system in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The development of the Arctic transport system, i.e., the Northern Sea Route, adjacent airport network, seaports, water, and land communications, determined the relevance and significance of the study. It is especially important since they are the strategic priorities of Russia's Arctic policy. The study aimed to identify the trends in transport infrastructure development in the Russian Arctic. So, the authors focused on the factors determining its specifics. They conclude that the transport infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is underdeveloped and needs technical improvement. According to the authors, a unified Arctic transport system is possible only after the restoration of year-round navigation through the NSR, its technological growth, and the reconstruction of the adjoining transport infrastructure.
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Статья научная
In the article notices, the problems and perspectives of the tourism potential of the regions and tourism centers in the European North. Special attention is paid to the development of the ethnographic and ecological tourism.
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Culture, synergy and balance of Northern Russia’s strategic manage-ment processes
Статья научная
The article briefly marks current problems of culture, synergy and balance of strategic management processes of Northern Russia. Spread of subservient culture, the need to democratize based on the culture of participation and the creation of a balanced system of strategic management is noticed.
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Cyber-terrorism as a threat to national security in the Arctic region
Статья научная
This article represents the first expe-‐ rience in the research of possibilities and prob-‐ abilities of cyber attacks in the Arctic region, namely the defeat and withdrawal from the ABM system, and computer control systems of drilling rigs, which can harm both national secu-‐ rity and ecological state of the Arctic. Addition-‐ ally, this article highlights the question of the possible impact of acts of cyberterrorism on the development of the Arctic sector of Russia, in other words, there are studied International.
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Decrease in expenses for electrosupply at development of an infrastructure of Arkhangelsk
Статья научная
In article the estimation of a technical condition of electric networks is given, is long maintained in the city of Arkhangelsk. Because of the big deterioration of networks expenses on their operation are very high, is not provided энергобезопасность northern city, new building and reconstruction is broken. Deterioration of networks influences electric power cost. Experience of formation of the state tariffs for the electric power is analysed. The comparative analysis of tariffs for different categories of consumers of the Arkhangelsk area and other subjects of the Russian Federation is carried out. The building concept in Arkhangelsk a new cable line for the purpose of modernisation of an existing infrastructure of electrosupply is developed. Project realisation will allow to raise reliability, энергобезопасность and efficiency of electrosupply. There will be a possibility of technological joining of new consumers, demonopolizations of the power market and development of an infrastructure of a city.
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Delimitation between Russia and Norway in the Arctic: new challenges and cooperation
Статья научная
The article analyzes the provisions of the Treaty between the Russian Federation and Kingdom of Norway on delimitation of the sea areas and cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean of 15 September 2010 and it also provides an assessment of the conformity of the Treaty to national interests of Russia. The article considers the results of its practical impact on fishing activity in the North-Western sector of the Arctic, especially in the Russian home fisheries. The author discussed steps necessary for the protection of national interests after the Treaty of 2010 and its influence on fishing in the North-Western sector of the Arctic. It is proposed to hold additional Russian–Norwegian negotiations to reach an understanding between parties about the home fisheries based on traditional character near the Spitsbergen Archipelago, as well as to adopt unified measures to control fishing and harmonize penalties for violation of the agreed fishing rules for all the fishing activities at the Barents Sea.
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Статья научная
The northern regions of Norway and Russia have similar issues: new mega-projects for the development of oil and gas fields and infrastructure are not only an opportunity but also a challenge for the de-velopment of regional small and medium-size enterprises. To connect to projects, regional enterprises need to increase their competencies and find opportunities for cooperation with each other. The article presents the results of a study of the formation of a regional business alliance in Northern Norway. Further, it offers an analysis of the possibility of applying the North Norwegian experience to Russia. It is concluded that, although from a theoretical point of view, this is difficult, the prerequisites for the successful application of the studied experience exist in the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Murmansk Oblast. Two business associations are successfully operating there. They were built considering the Norwegian experience, but with the active participation of local industry and authorities, as well as accounting regional specifics, values, and traditions. It is a powerful foundation for the further development of business cooperation. The article contains several recommendations for such forms of collaboration. It is proposed to pay attention to the following: qualification of the coordinator, public-private financing scheme, openness and integration of the project, primary importance of technological cooperation idea and secondary significance of the legal form to be chosen.
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Development of the Arctic — a new milestone in the development of national science and innovation
Статья научная
Review of materials of the conference held on December 3—6, 2014 in Salekhard.
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