Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 922
Dialectal Diversity of the Arkhangelsk Oblast: Thematic Dictionary and Digital Platform
Статья научная
The article discusses the “Thematic dictionary of Arkhangelsk dialects”, which is a single-dialect, non-differential explanatory dictionary, and the digital platform that supports the printed materials of this dictionary. The Northern Russian dialects maintain archaic linguistic features, making them attractive for linguistic research. The “Thematic dictionary of Arkhangelsk dialects” contains unique linguistic material collected during dialectological expeditions in the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The distribution of material according to topics contributes, on the one hand, to more in-depth and detailed representation of lexemes and expressions, and, on the other hand, to systematic organization of individual aspects of the worldview of the speakers of the Northern Russian dialects. Within the grant project “Thematic dictionary of Arkhangelsk dialects with electronic support”, conducted by the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, the first three volumes of the dictionary have been published and an independent corpus of dialects has been developed and hosted on the university’s servers. The digital platform consists of desktop and mobile applications for the collection of dialect words, as well as a database and electronic dictionary accessible via a web interface, supplemented by an interactive lexical atlas. The developed lexical atlas provides a visual representation of geographical distribution of dialect words. The dialect material presented in the dictionary and on the platform will be useful both for specialists and for individuals interested in the culture and lifestyle of the Russian North.
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Differentiation of the Northern Regions of Russia in Terms of Labor Potential
Статья научная
The purpose of the study is to determine significant, sustainable differences between the northern regions of Russia in terms of labor potential of the population. The object of the study is the labor potential of the population of the northern regions of Russia. In order to develop the typology of regions, 22 indicators were selected for the period 2014–2020, characterizing the labor potential of the population and the conditions for its implementation. The correlation analysis has resulted in the formation of a feature space based on eight indicators that determine four blocks of labor potential components: a) demographic, b) health component, c) education, d) economic indicators reflecting interaction in the labor market. The typology has resulted in the identification of six stable types of regions that are characterized by specific inert processes due to cultural-historical and natural-climatic factors. It is revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the gap between regions in terms of labor potential increased, leaving the same ratio of regions. The proposed typology can be used for scientific research in the field of labor potential management the regional level. From a practical point of view, the work may be of interest to state authorities when developing managerial decisions in the field of implementing investment projects, especially within the framework of implementing the state program of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. In addition, the recovery of the economy of certain Russian regions after the severe crisis caused by the pandemic is possible due to the increase in the labor potential of the population. The presented typology makes it possible to identify the priority areas, allows increasing the comprehensive indicator of labor potential, which is most relevant for the northern regions.
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Статья научная
Complex natural-climatic and spatial-geographical conditions, which comprehensively characterize the Arctic as a zone of absolute discomfort, create systemic barriers to the introduction of digital technologies necessary for levelling the risks of population preservation. Of particular strategic importance for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are rural territories that provide a presence in the vast and sparsely populated space of the Russian Arctic, including in the areas of exploitation of key deposits of mineral and biological resources. The aim of the article is to analyze the directions of digital transformation of regional development that promotes innovative development of rural territories in the Western sector of the Russian Arctic (on the example of the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Along with comparative analysis of scientific publications and content analysis of normative legal documents, a systematic review of strategic planning documents and indicators assessing the level of digitalization of the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with a special focus on the quality of life of the population was carried out. The analysis showed that digitalization processes react sensitively to the political and socio-economic situation, primarily the COVID-19 pandemic, economic recession and sanctions restrictions. The priorities of regional policy in the field of digital transformation have been identified, and insufficient attention to rural areas in this matter has been revealed. Under the concept of regional development “center-periphery”, the gap in the degree of development of digital ecosystems between urban and rural settlements is expected to increase, but the lack of official statistical indicators does not allow assessing its depth. Promising areas of state policy in the digital economy include systematic formation of digital competencies of the population, since digital literacy is the most important prerequisite for obtaining significant socio-economic effects of digitalization, as well as increasing the level of technical equipment of organizations, including through the expansion of subsidy programs for purchase of technical equipment used to provide goods, works and services of a socially oriented nature for the population.
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Статья научная
The subject of the article is the analysis of the current state of research and practice in the field of transport, logistics and digital infrastructures in the Russian Arctic. The authors consider logistic and digital infrastructures as key communication subsystems that ensure the movement of material values, people and information, and thus serve as a prerequisite for the development of the macro-region under consideration. The research methods used were literature review of scientific sources and analysis of the obtained material. A systematic literature mapping was carried out on Scopus, Google Scholar, Elibrary databases. Aspects of the Arctic region development, including the role of logistics and digital infrastructures in this process, are described by scientific schools of Russia, Canada, Norway, China, USA and other countries. The analysis has shown the highly variable state of the subsystems under consideration depending on the specific region, as well as the lack of a comprehensive approach to their joint development and integration. It was stated that there is no such problem statement about the development of communication subsystems of the Arctic zone. On the basis of the analysis, the key directions for the development of logistics and digital infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation were formulated. The authors’ recommendations, apart from the obvious tasks of developing sea routes, building and modernizing roads, railways and airports, expanding access to broadband internet and other widely discussed measures, describe the need to integrate the communication subsystems under consideration and focus on the potential of digital technologies to replace and/or supplement the logistics infrastructure in certain aspects.
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Digitalization as a Factor for Development of the Target Arctic Subspaces
Статья научная
The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is a rich, attractive, but hard-to-reach region. The authors of the article believe that the current level of development of digital and data technologies can make a constructive contribution to overcoming some of the challenges of Arctic conquest. Since the Russian Arctic is a complexly structured macro-region, the authors rely on the division of the Arctic into seven target subspaces. The paper identifies the requirements of the target Arctic subspaces for digital technologies that could facilitate the process of Arctic exploration. The paper used the results of previous research by colleagues, traditional methods of scientific analysis combined with an interdisciplinary approach, and an architectural approach to the design of socio-economic systems to identify the requirements of the identified subspaces. Based on the analysis of the collected and summarized materials, seven models of motivational extensions were constructed for each of the identified Arctic subspaces, summarizing information about the goal-setting of each subspace. Among other goal-setting factors, the requirements for digital technology services that would contribute to the development of each subspace were formulated. The resulting requirements contain both digital support needs common to all subspaces and those specific to each subspace due to its characteristics. As a result, the directions for effective implementation and use of digital technologies in the Russian Arctic were summarized.
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Digitalization in education and distance barriers in the Russian Arctic: problems and prospects
Статья научная
In the era of digital technologies, the issues of providing highly qualified personnel, the effective use of the intellectual potential of the territory and the creation of conditions for its reproduction are of particular importance. These problems are more acute in remote areas of the Russian Arctic. This is due, firstly, to the ultradispersity of the settlement system in the Arctic of the Russian Federation, and, secondly, to the imbalance between the demand and supply of labor resources in territorial and professional terms. Digitalization has become an integral component of education all over the world; therefore, the purpose of this article is to assess the availability of education in the regions of the Russian Arctic and to search for new targets for quality education in the context of digital transformation. The existing educational environment in the Arctic regions is analyzed in the article. The impact of urbanization degree on affordable education in remote Arctic regions is assessed. The financial capabilities of the population are investigated. Based on the analysis, a number of problems associated with the active dissemination of new technologies are identified. Recommendations for improving the educational process are given, taking into account the digitalization of society. The main stages of modernization of the educational process in remote regions of the Arctic are identified.
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Статья
The number of strategic documents has been adopted at the federal level in recent years, establishing the regulatory regime for the development of tourism in the Arctic. At the beginning of the study the key directions and priorities of the tourist development of the Arctic on the federal agenda were identified, and then the strategies of the nine Arctic regions of Russia were considered. The purpose of the work is to determine the key directions and priorities for tourism development in federal and regional policies, as well as to identify the correspondence of regional strategic directions for tourism development with the key directions of tourism development in the Arctic declared by the federal agenda. The study is based on the method of content analysis of regional documents by assessing the qualitative and quantitative presence of keywords chosen by the authors, which made it possible to identify trends that are reflected to varying degrees in regional strategies, concepts, and programs. It was possible to demonstrate common and different features in strategic development of Arctic tourism. The analysis of regional strategic documents on tourism development reveals the existing heterogeneity in content and structure due to the diversity of formats of the documents. The analysis also revealed a lack of assessment of the possibilities and prospects for the development of interregional and intermunicipal cooperation.
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District newspapers as a chronicler of the Arkhangelsk North history
Статья научная
The article discusses the creation and operation of district periodicals in the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The author analyzed their role in solving problems in different periods and evaluated the place of the “district” in the relations of the state and local authorities. Based on a study of modern local periodicals, the author concluded that the press, freed from the CPSU dictates, became dependent on new power and was forced to cover mainly its activities and achievements. The way out of this situation is the creation of municipal newspapers.
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Do nents people the ethnos, which disappear?
Статья научная
It is researched the problems of the number of the Nenets, the language skills, management models, administrative and territorial unit at the beginning of the XXI century.
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Статья научная
The article considers socio-economic and socio-biological aspects of the Russian Food Security Doctrine, approved on January 21, 2020. The need to monitor Russia's food security is due to significant changes in “the country's socio-economic development, the emergence of new risks and threats to food security caused by economic sanctions imposed in 2014 by a number of Western countries against our country, the openness of the national food market” in connection with the accession to the World Trade Organization, and the deepening integration within the EAEU. The article examines modern approaches to the definition of state food security. Certain provisions of the Doctrine of Food Security of the Russian Federation are assessed, the analysis of food security in Russia in terms of self-sufficiency, economic and physical availability of food was carried out on the basis of statistical data. Food security in Russia has been achieved for the main items of food products, which is confirmed by the results of the analysis performed. A similar positive trend in the development of our country is confirmed by the estimates of foreign researchers based on the results of the Global Food Security Index monitoring. A comparative analysis of the diet of the population of Russia and the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Oblasts is given. The work focuses on socio-biological risk factors for food security in the Arctic region of Russia.
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Статья научная
In the northern periphery, actions are needed to support regional economic development. According to widely shared understanding, innovations are at the core of sustainable economic growth. The regional innovation system (RIS) approach is a framework that has been developed for the design and implementation of innovation-based regional policies. This concept implicates new roles for public and private actors in the system. The role of the public sector is related to generating and diffusing knowledge to the companies and industrial networks. On the other hand, companies have increased collaboration with other actors and utilization of external knowledge for innovation and commercial purposes. The case analysis in this study is based on data from experiments in Oulu region, Finland, which has a long history in developing public-private collaboration and innovation system. The focus of the analysis is on knowledge application and exploitation, and their implications for the public driven innovation system and activities. Operational tools and activities are divided into three different categories: company collaboration, business development, and competence development. The analysis also reveals some examples of the future prospects and challenges in the region.
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Driving forces and development problems of cargo flows along the Northern Sea Route
Статья научная
The author analyzed the trends and prospects of the Northern Sea Route. The main problem is that this rather complex system is influenced by many factors, often contradictory and poorly predictable. Thus, the increase in demand for energy and resources determines the overall need for the development of the Arctic shelf. However, the possible cooling and worsening of the ice conditions may adjust to the possibility of transporting of the resources to the Asia-Pacific market, for instance. In this regard, along with the methods of factor and economic analysis the expert approach was used for the study. Its main result is a package of proposals aimed at supporting the Arctic marine cargo flow.
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Dvina Land: in search of identity
Статья научная
As a historic-geographical term, Dvina Land is localized by archeologists since the 10th century and is identified with Zavolochye. Administratively it was a part of Velikiy Novgorod (10—16th centuries), Grand Duchy of Moscow and centralized Russian State, transforming into Dvina uyezd (16—18th centuries) and Dvina province (1719—1785). As a multidisciplinary research object, it is systematically defined in several dimensions: landscape and natural, historic-geographical, administrative and governmental, cultural, socio-economic, mythical.
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Dynamics of border tourism in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region
Статья научная
The article discusses the main types and characteristics of border tourism in the countries of the Barents region. It provides official statistics on the number of trips, the results of tourist motivation study and reveals the positive dynamics of border tourism development. The materials of the current study in-clude a review and comparative analysis with data obtained during research sessions since 2013 within the framework of the international program Bachelor of Northern Studies. According to the survey, the Barents region has a great potential for the development of tourism and positive motivation that contributes to international contacts. An analysis of the border tourism development dynamics has shown an increase in the demand in the tourism services market, the necessity to create programs focused on the needs of the target audience of buyers, and the active promotion of Russian tourism in the international market.
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Статья научная
The article discusses several social aspects of the colonization of Eastern Murman (everyday life, daily work, religious beliefs, schooling, leisure). The historiographic analysis made it possible to identify the specifics of the local (everyday) history of the Kola Peninsula colonization. In the works of A.P. Engelhardt, A.G. Slezskinsky, S.Yu. Witte, S.O. Makarov, V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, K.K. Sluchevsky, D.N. Ostrovsky, A.K. Engelmeyer, V.I. Manotskov, A.K. Sidensner, N.V. Romanov, “Materials on the statistical study of Murman” and other sources provide facts from personal and family biography, the circumstances of resettlement to the Murmansk coast, living conditions, home furnishings, especially the education and upbringing of children. The descriptions of the migrants’ lifestyle recorded in the materials of expeditions and travel notes allow us to conclude that the colonists’ socio-cultural adaptation in Eastern Murman, the creation of a human habitat, was primarily associated with the development of the institution of the family. In general, the history of colonization is a unique experience in the development of the Arctic - one of the most productive in world history, which is vital for understanding the Russian North’s geography.
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Eastern Yakutia: demographic processes in the post-Soviet period
Статья научная
This article reflects the statistical analysis of all demographic indexes of East Yakutia for the post-Soviet period (1989—2010), which shows its deterioration. Also depopulation occurred. However, despite negative processes, there are prerequisites for recovery of demographic potential. Optimism is connected with megaproject implementation, which can revive it. In 2007 the investment project “Complex Development of the Tomponsky Mining Region” was adopted for realization in the republic.
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Eastern vector of politics in Russia: potential and problems of the realization
Статья научная
The article discusses the need for transition from an extensive to an intensive strategy of modernization processes in the Far Eastern regions as the key to their success. The ‘new’ industrialization of Yakutia should focus on energy saving technologies, the use of local labor resources and improving the quality of human life.
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Ecological Preimage of the Symbol of Northern University in the context of Regional Cultural Code
Статья научная
We investigate the preimage of ecological symbol of Northern University in the context of regional cultural code.
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Статья научная
The current stage of economic development of the Russian Arctic combines two contradicting tendencies — the intensification of economic development in line with the adopted special preferential measures and the aggravation of technical and technological contradictions under the tightening of sanctions and technological blockade, increasing wear of equipment, the loss of markets for extracted products. Under these conditions, anthropogenic and, particularly, technogenic environmental threats to nature and human habitat become the most important risk factor. The purpose of the work is to identify current ecological threats, problems and features of the environmental and economic development of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The study applies a comprehensive economic and sociological toolkit, including general theoretical approaches — dialectical, spatial economics and sustainable development, and private methods — statistical analysis, a number of sociological methods of collecting and processing data. The information basis of the study is the data of official authorities, statistics, the work of domestic and foreign scientists, as well as the results of a sociological survey of residents of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (May 2022; n=539). Key features of environmental and economic processes in the region were identified. Low degree of waste processing, high risks of technogenic accidents at oil and gas production enterprises and transport infrastructure remain. The main environmental threats perceived by the population include oil and gas production facilities, household waste and illegal dumps. In a number of territories, threats from defense activities, catching and processing of fish and illegal fishing are also relevant. The population is least satisfied with the quality of water resources, the cleanness of the environment and the state of forests and parks. Based on the results obtained, recommendations aimed at optimizing the environmental component of the social well-being of the population are given. The scientific significance of the study is determined by the actualization of knowledge about environmental and economic processes in the Arctic region of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, based on a comprehensive economic and sociological toolkit. The practical importance lies in the formation of the analytical framework for managing the environmental and economic development of the regions during the period of exacerbated contradictions in the development of the Russian Arctic.
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Ecological tourism as a factor of sustainable development of the Western Arctic
Статья научная
The article is based on the expert assessment of ecological tourism as the priority and competitive type of recreational nature management in the Western Arctic. The theoretical provisions are developed and the importance of the tourism industry in the sustainable development of the Russian Arctic is determined based on the analysis of problems and prospects of the modern development of ecological types of tourism in the regions and centers of tourism. The specificity of tourism is discussed considering the increased interest in the Arctic, the growth of cruise tourism and the increase in the anthropogenic load on the polar landscapes. Proposals are given and priority strategic tasks for the development of Arctic tourism are formulated: minimization of anthropogenic impact on the environment and preservation of the cultural and natural heritage of the Arctic, increasing the availability of Arctic territories for tourists. Development of competition in the field of transport, simplification of logistics, the combination of sea cruises with air travel to reduce the cost of travel for those wishing to visit the unique high-latitude Arctic territories and increase the tourist flow. Due to the predominance of expensive types of tourism in the Arctic, support for low-cost and high-income tourism destinations is needed. Innovative investment projects in the field of the Arctic tourism based on clusters could attract tourists and additional investments in infrastructure modernization.
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