Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 988
Cyber-terrorism as a threat to national security in the Arctic region
Статья научная
This article represents the first expe-‐ rience in the research of possibilities and prob-‐ abilities of cyber attacks in the Arctic region, namely the defeat and withdrawal from the ABM system, and computer control systems of drilling rigs, which can harm both national secu-‐ rity and ecological state of the Arctic. Addition-‐ ally, this article highlights the question of the possible impact of acts of cyberterrorism on the development of the Arctic sector of Russia, in other words, there are studied International.
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Decrease in expenses for electrosupply at development of an infrastructure of Arkhangelsk
Статья научная
In article the estimation of a technical condition of electric networks is given, is long maintained in the city of Arkhangelsk. Because of the big deterioration of networks expenses on their operation are very high, is not provided энергобезопасность northern city, new building and reconstruction is broken. Deterioration of networks influences electric power cost. Experience of formation of the state tariffs for the electric power is analysed. The comparative analysis of tariffs for different categories of consumers of the Arkhangelsk area and other subjects of the Russian Federation is carried out. The building concept in Arkhangelsk a new cable line for the purpose of modernisation of an existing infrastructure of electrosupply is developed. Project realisation will allow to raise reliability, энергобезопасность and efficiency of electrosupply. There will be a possibility of technological joining of new consumers, demonopolizations of the power market and development of an infrastructure of a city.
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Delimitation between Russia and Norway in the Arctic: new challenges and cooperation
Статья научная
The article analyzes the provisions of the Treaty between the Russian Federation and Kingdom of Norway on delimitation of the sea areas and cooperation in the Barents Sea and the Arctic Ocean of 15 September 2010 and it also provides an assessment of the conformity of the Treaty to national interests of Russia. The article considers the results of its practical impact on fishing activity in the North-Western sector of the Arctic, especially in the Russian home fisheries. The author discussed steps necessary for the protection of national interests after the Treaty of 2010 and its influence on fishing in the North-Western sector of the Arctic. It is proposed to hold additional Russian–Norwegian negotiations to reach an understanding between parties about the home fisheries based on traditional character near the Spitsbergen Archipelago, as well as to adopt unified measures to control fishing and harmonize penalties for violation of the agreed fishing rules for all the fishing activities at the Barents Sea.
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Demographic Challenges and Prospects of the Tyva Republic
Статья научная
The article examines contemporary demographic processes in the Tyva Republic based on an analysis of official statistics. Highly detailed demographic analysis methods are applied: migration trajectories are analyzed by individual municipalities, birth rates — by area in conditional and real generations, mortality — by leading causes of death. The purposes of the study are to assess the prospects for the demographic development of the Tyva Republic and to identify limitations and reserves for improving the situation. It is shown that due to the special position of the family institution in the hierarchy of values, ethnic identity, and state and regional family support programs, high birth rates are maintained in the republic. Signs of the second demographic transition, such as an increase in the number of delayed births and refusal to have children, as well as a decrease in the proportion of large families indicate a value gap between social groups and emerging social inequality. The implementation of agricultural economic policy in the region does not solve the problems of poverty, but contributes to the preservation of the traditional way of life of the Tyvan people and influences the migration behavior of the population. It has been revealed that external causes and infectious diseases remain among the leading causes of death: tuberculosis, homicides and suicides, poisoning, exposure to low temperatures, pneumonia and traffic accidents. Despite the fact that rural residents bear the main burden in solving demographic problems, they often die at the working age. The practical significance of the study is to identify reserves for improving the demographic situation in the republic. Since the difficulties are primarily related to economic factors, the authors propose to focus efforts on expanding social infrastructure and developing the economy through diversification of economic practices, which will also create favorable conditions for return migration of young people and a comfortable life for older age groups. Further research should be aimed at studying the effectiveness of demographic policy measures in the republic, as well as assessing the impact of compression and digitalization of social infrastructure on demographic processes.
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Demographic Situation in the Arkhangelsk Oblast: Analysis and Solutions
Статья научная
The issue of differentiation of socio-economic development indicators is relevant for the regions of the Russian Federation. An important condition for the effective and stable development of territories is a favorable demographic situation. This requires a competent and thoughtful demographic policy that will ensure population reproduction and economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The study area is the Arkhangelsk Oblast, partly included in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, which is of strategic interest to Russia due to its geopolitical, geo-economic position in the modern world. The aim of the work is to analyze the changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the population of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, determined by the processes of fertility, mortality, migration, as well as the socio-economic situation and state policy. To analyze the demographic situation, the paper uses traditional methods of analysis (comparison, relative and average values, graphic method). The paper presents the territorial differentiation of the demographic situation in the regions of the Northwestern Federal Okrug. The information base is national and regional statistical information for the last 10 years. The article discusses the interim results of the implementation of the national project “Demography” in the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The results of the study can be useful for state authorities and local governments that manage the regional development of territories within the framework of the national project “Demography”.
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Developing Russian Arctic Exports in a Changing Logistics Environment
Статья научная
Delivery of cargoes by water transport to the Far North and equated territories is one of the most important tasks of the national economy, as it unlocks the huge socio-economic potential of the Arctic region, improving the quality of life of people living there, which is of particular importance due to the demographic situation in the region. The purpose of the study is to determine economically justified changes in the Russian Arctic export development system for Arctic projects in the context of logistics changes. The subject of the study is the organizational and economic relations that arise during the delivery of goods. The following methods were used in the study: logical and structural-system analysis, content analysis, statistical and economic analytics, analogy method, various modeling options, etc. The most significant results of the study: the main factors determining the need to transform the cargo turnover management system in the conditions of uncertainty of logistics systems are identified, the priority ways of changing the logistics systems of development and management of transportation and delivery of various goods are identified, the conditions for effective functioning of carriers of the Russian Arctic are revealed and structured, the functionality of the Northern Supply Management Center is developed. The novelty of the scientific research is primarily the development of economic and organizational approaches, the development of methodological theses for changes in logistics management and increasing export transportation in the Russian Arctic in the framework of the uncertainty of logistics of Northern supplies and, consequently, the economic justification for the effective implementation of the proposed changes in the logistics management of Arctic cargo flows.
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Статья научная
The relevance of this study is due to the need to develop and implement in regional practice effective management decisions that promote the development of fish farms and increase aquaculture production. Since fish farming (aquaculture) is one of the structural components of the fishery complex, the authors pay attention to both the peculiarities of its development in the conditions of the North and the Arctic, and the specifics of economic activity in the field of aquaculture projects. The article presents the results of a survey of the population of the Arctic territories of the Arkhangelsk Oblast on the consumption of fish and fish products, which allowed establishing various consumer profiles of preferences depending on their age category, as well as to identify the main reasons constraining the consumption of fish and fish products (among which: high price, availability of low-quality products in retail outlets, the lack of ability and desire to cook among the younger generation). Based on the results of expert interviews with producers of fish and fish products, as well as with representatives of the scientific community and authorities of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, a problem matrix was compiled and the necessary activities were identified to address key issues of the development of aquaculture projects in the region.
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Статья научная
The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is one of the key and promising territorial units of our country, which is of strategic importance not only for the national socio-economic system, but also for the world economy as a whole. For this reason, regional and federal authorities are continuously working on the issues of improving the efficiency of management of socio-economic development of this territory. One of the urgent directions is socio-ecological-economic development of the Arctic zone, which is impossible without appropriate support of public authorities and involvement of business structures and population in these processes. Special attention should be paid to the issues of resource support, including the stimulation of investment processes, in order to implement the ESG-agenda. The purpose of this study is to formulate scientific and practical recommendations for the development of the system of state support for ESG-projects, which are the driver of investment and environmental climate formation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The study proposes a toolkit of state support for ESG-projects, in which the key role is given to tax preferences for investors, as well as subsidizing the costs of residents at the expense of the regional and federal budgets and preferential conditions for attracting borrowed funds. The application of the proposed tools will not only allow business structures investing in the implementation of projects of socio-ecological-economic orientation in the Arctic zone to receive additional benefits, but will also become an incentive to reach full project capacity, which will achieve a synergistic effect in the form of profit for business entities and socio-economic effect for the authorities and the population in the form of new jobs, developed infrastructure and revenue to budgets at various levels.
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Статья научная
The current macroeconomic and geopolitical situation, combined with the current measures of state support, increasingly stimulate domestic business structures to implement new investment initiatives, which are designed, according to government officials and parliamentarians, to improve the socio-economic situation of the localization sites of such projects. In practice, however, such developments are associated with certain environmental risks such as pollution of water, air, soil, destruction of other key elements of the environment. Such negative impacts are particularly devastating for unique ecologically clean territories, one of which is the Russian part of the global Arctic zone. In this regard, the aim of this study is to develop relevant scientific and practical recommendations for activating and scaling up the investment activity of business structures implementing environmentally-oriented investment projects within the boundaries of the AZRF. The essence of these innovations is based on a combined approach. In particular, it is proposed to introduce up to seven new direct measures of financial incentives for eco-investments by businesses, up to five changes to regional and federal legislation, up to three direct financial injections into the public sector, as well as a significant adjustment of tax legislation into the national economy. From a practical point of view, this will create new preferential conditions for business and stimulate eco-oriented investment thinking, as well as eliminate accumulated environmental damage, restore and rehabilitate most natural sites, preserve biological diversity, develop a comprehensive eco-monitoring system, and take a new significant step towards creating a renewable resource economy.
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Development of Small and Medium-Sized Business in the Arkhangelsk Oblast
Статья научная
The article examines the dynamics of the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Arkhangelsk Oblast from 2017 to 2021. The main reason for the sharp decrease in the number of subjects in 2020 is determined. The most vulnerable and affected areas of small and medium-sized businesses are listed. The measures of support for these areas of entrepreneurship at the federal level are reviewed. The measures taken by the Arkhangelsk regional government to regulate the situation are studied. The specific organizations that give support directly in the territory of the Arkhangelsk Oblast are given. The reasons why it is necessary to support and develop small and medium business in the Arkhangelsk economy are given. The methods used in this paper are an analysis of the number of small and medium-sized enterprises, drawing conclusions about the economic situation in the Oblast on the basis of this analysis, and researching support measures. This article might be useful for entrepreneurs in the Arkhangelsk Oblast to study the support measures. The information described in the article could be useful for scientific research, for statistics and analysis of small and medium business in the Arkhangelsk Oblast.
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Статья научная
The northern regions of Norway and Russia have similar issues: new mega-projects for the development of oil and gas fields and infrastructure are not only an opportunity but also a challenge for the de-velopment of regional small and medium-size enterprises. To connect to projects, regional enterprises need to increase their competencies and find opportunities for cooperation with each other. The article presents the results of a study of the formation of a regional business alliance in Northern Norway. Further, it offers an analysis of the possibility of applying the North Norwegian experience to Russia. It is concluded that, although from a theoretical point of view, this is difficult, the prerequisites for the successful application of the studied experience exist in the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Murmansk Oblast. Two business associations are successfully operating there. They were built considering the Norwegian experience, but with the active participation of local industry and authorities, as well as accounting regional specifics, values, and traditions. It is a powerful foundation for the further development of business cooperation. The article contains several recommendations for such forms of collaboration. It is proposed to pay attention to the following: qualification of the coordinator, public-private financing scheme, openness and integration of the project, primary importance of technological cooperation idea and secondary significance of the legal form to be chosen.
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Development of the Arctic — a new milestone in the development of national science and innovation
Статья научная
Review of materials of the conference held on December 3—6, 2014 in Salekhard.
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Development of the North 2.0: challenges of making a new theory
Статья научная
It is proposed to create a new theory of economic development of the North on three primary sources — the Soviet development school, the European school of regional studies, the North American school of frontier studies. Each of these schools relies on a broad conceptual foundation (location of productive forces, endogenous economic growth, innovative search), the fusion of which is capable of radically and positively transforming the theory of modern time. Comparison of the nature of the development process today and in the Soviet times reveals significant differences: an increase in spatial and temporal irregularity (polarization), multiactorism, glocalization, and the role of the grassroots “design” level. Numerous projects of new development implemented in the Russian Arctic and the North have common features in the form of an experimental nature, pilot-clone schemes for saving on experience, a plurality of equal status supply and training bases, etc. Large resource corporations that lead the world are directing actors of the territorial structure of the process of new development, and it depends on the internal organizational and institutional structure of the company itself.
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Development of the provincial press on the Arkhan-gelsk north in the reform period
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the provincial press of the Arkhangelsk North of Russia. Analyzing the reasons for its formation and development, the author concludes that the appearance of new newspapers have been caused by changes in the social life of the country and northern region in particular.
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Development of transport networks of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Статья научная
In modern conditions exploration of the Arctic is impossible without development of transport, introduction of new technologies. The author proposes the creation of a net of transport corridors in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) on the basis of existing transport nodes, in particular the port of Tiksi, and the usage of new technologies.
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Dialectal Diversity of the Arkhangelsk Oblast: Thematic Dictionary and Digital Platform
Статья научная
The article discusses the “Thematic dictionary of Arkhangelsk dialects”, which is a single-dialect, non-differential explanatory dictionary, and the digital platform that supports the printed materials of this dictionary. The Northern Russian dialects maintain archaic linguistic features, making them attractive for linguistic research. The “Thematic dictionary of Arkhangelsk dialects” contains unique linguistic material collected during dialectological expeditions in the Arkhangelsk Oblast. The distribution of material according to topics contributes, on the one hand, to more in-depth and detailed representation of lexemes and expressions, and, on the other hand, to systematic organization of individual aspects of the worldview of the speakers of the Northern Russian dialects. Within the grant project “Thematic dictionary of Arkhangelsk dialects with electronic support”, conducted by the Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, the first three volumes of the dictionary have been published and an independent corpus of dialects has been developed and hosted on the university’s servers. The digital platform consists of desktop and mobile applications for the collection of dialect words, as well as a database and electronic dictionary accessible via a web interface, supplemented by an interactive lexical atlas. The developed lexical atlas provides a visual representation of geographical distribution of dialect words. The dialect material presented in the dictionary and on the platform will be useful both for specialists and for individuals interested in the culture and lifestyle of the Russian North.
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Differentiation of the Northern Regions of Russia in Terms of Labor Potential
Статья научная
The purpose of the study is to determine significant, sustainable differences between the northern regions of Russia in terms of labor potential of the population. The object of the study is the labor potential of the population of the northern regions of Russia. In order to develop the typology of regions, 22 indicators were selected for the period 2014–2020, characterizing the labor potential of the population and the conditions for its implementation. The correlation analysis has resulted in the formation of a feature space based on eight indicators that determine four blocks of labor potential components: a) demographic, b) health component, c) education, d) economic indicators reflecting interaction in the labor market. The typology has resulted in the identification of six stable types of regions that are characterized by specific inert processes due to cultural-historical and natural-climatic factors. It is revealed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the gap between regions in terms of labor potential increased, leaving the same ratio of regions. The proposed typology can be used for scientific research in the field of labor potential management the regional level. From a practical point of view, the work may be of interest to state authorities when developing managerial decisions in the field of implementing investment projects, especially within the framework of implementing the state program of socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. In addition, the recovery of the economy of certain Russian regions after the severe crisis caused by the pandemic is possible due to the increase in the labor potential of the population. The presented typology makes it possible to identify the priority areas, allows increasing the comprehensive indicator of labor potential, which is most relevant for the northern regions.
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Статья научная
Digital transformation of marketing in the industrial market of northern regions is becoming increasingly important. It allows companies to effectively build a B2B interaction strategy and improve customer service quality using digital technologies, software and digital marketing tools. In addition, digital technologies contribute to improving the effectiveness of operational marketing solutions, expand opportunities for entering new markets and create personalized offers for customers. This research is aimed at analyzing the challenges and prospects of digital marketing transformation in the industrial market of northern regions. In order to achieve this goal, a systematic approach was used as a general scientific research method, and a comparative analysis of existing digital marketing transformation practices was carried out when processing and systematizing data. During the work, a conceptual model of digital transformation was created, which includes strategic and operational approaches to marketing management, emphasizing the importance of integrating data and analytics to optimize customer interaction. Special attention is paid to the adaptation of these approaches to the specifics of northern regions. The scientific contribution consists in systematizing existing knowledge about the digital transformation of marketing and offering new methods and tools that contribute to the effective integration of digital solutions into management processes. The research results can be successfully applied in the practical activities of industrial enterprises in northern regions, as well as in educational institutions for training specialists in the field of management, marketing management and digital marketing.
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Статья научная
Complex natural-climatic and spatial-geographical conditions, which comprehensively characterize the Arctic as a zone of absolute discomfort, create systemic barriers to the introduction of digital technologies necessary for levelling the risks of population preservation. Of particular strategic importance for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are rural territories that provide a presence in the vast and sparsely populated space of the Russian Arctic, including in the areas of exploitation of key deposits of mineral and biological resources. The aim of the article is to analyze the directions of digital transformation of regional development that promotes innovative development of rural territories in the Western sector of the Russian Arctic (on the example of the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Along with comparative analysis of scientific publications and content analysis of normative legal documents, a systematic review of strategic planning documents and indicators assessing the level of digitalization of the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with a special focus on the quality of life of the population was carried out. The analysis showed that digitalization processes react sensitively to the political and socio-economic situation, primarily the COVID-19 pandemic, economic recession and sanctions restrictions. The priorities of regional policy in the field of digital transformation have been identified, and insufficient attention to rural areas in this matter has been revealed. Under the concept of regional development “center-periphery”, the gap in the degree of development of digital ecosystems between urban and rural settlements is expected to increase, but the lack of official statistical indicators does not allow assessing its depth. Promising areas of state policy in the digital economy include systematic formation of digital competencies of the population, since digital literacy is the most important prerequisite for obtaining significant socio-economic effects of digitalization, as well as increasing the level of technical equipment of organizations, including through the expansion of subsidy programs for purchase of technical equipment used to provide goods, works and services of a socially oriented nature for the population.
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Статья научная
The subject of the article is the analysis of the current state of research and practice in the field of transport, logistics and digital infrastructures in the Russian Arctic. The authors consider logistic and digital infrastructures as key communication subsystems that ensure the movement of material values, people and information, and thus serve as a prerequisite for the development of the macro-region under consideration. The research methods used were literature review of scientific sources and analysis of the obtained material. A systematic literature mapping was carried out on Scopus, Google Scholar, Elibrary databases. Aspects of the Arctic region development, including the role of logistics and digital infrastructures in this process, are described by scientific schools of Russia, Canada, Norway, China, USA and other countries. The analysis has shown the highly variable state of the subsystems under consideration depending on the specific region, as well as the lack of a comprehensive approach to their joint development and integration. It was stated that there is no such problem statement about the development of communication subsystems of the Arctic zone. On the basis of the analysis, the key directions for the development of logistics and digital infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation were formulated. The authors’ recommendations, apart from the obvious tasks of developing sea routes, building and modernizing roads, railways and airports, expanding access to broadband internet and other widely discussed measures, describe the need to integrate the communication subsystems under consideration and focus on the potential of digital technologies to replace and/or supplement the logistics infrastructure in certain aspects.
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