Social and economic development. Рубрика в журнале - Arctic and North
Статья научная
The relevance of this study is due to the need to develop and implement in regional practice effective management decisions that promote the development of fish farms and increase aquaculture production. Since fish farming (aquaculture) is one of the structural components of the fishery complex, the authors pay attention to both the peculiarities of its development in the conditions of the North and the Arctic, and the specifics of economic activity in the field of aquaculture projects. The article presents the results of a survey of the population of the Arctic territories of the Arkhangelsk Oblast on the consumption of fish and fish products, which allowed establishing various consumer profiles of preferences depending on their age category, as well as to identify the main reasons constraining the consumption of fish and fish products (among which: high price, availability of low-quality products in retail outlets, the lack of ability and desire to cook among the younger generation). Based on the results of expert interviews with producers of fish and fish products, as well as with representatives of the scientific community and authorities of the Arkhangelsk Oblast, a problem matrix was compiled and the necessary activities were identified to address key issues of the development of aquaculture projects in the region.
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Статья научная
The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is one of the key and promising territorial units of our country, which is of strategic importance not only for the national socio-economic system, but also for the world economy as a whole. For this reason, regional and federal authorities are continuously working on the issues of improving the efficiency of management of socio-economic development of this territory. One of the urgent directions is socio-ecological-economic development of the Arctic zone, which is impossible without appropriate support of public authorities and involvement of business structures and population in these processes. Special attention should be paid to the issues of resource support, including the stimulation of investment processes, in order to implement the ESG-agenda. The purpose of this study is to formulate scientific and practical recommendations for the development of the system of state support for ESG-projects, which are the driver of investment and environmental climate formation in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The study proposes a toolkit of state support for ESG-projects, in which the key role is given to tax preferences for investors, as well as subsidizing the costs of residents at the expense of the regional and federal budgets and preferential conditions for attracting borrowed funds. The application of the proposed tools will not only allow business structures investing in the implementation of projects of socio-ecological-economic orientation in the Arctic zone to receive additional benefits, but will also become an incentive to reach full project capacity, which will achieve a synergistic effect in the form of profit for business entities and socio-economic effect for the authorities and the population in the form of new jobs, developed infrastructure and revenue to budgets at various levels.
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Статья научная
The current macroeconomic and geopolitical situation, combined with the current measures of state support, increasingly stimulate domestic business structures to implement new investment initiatives, which are designed, according to government officials and parliamentarians, to improve the socio-economic situation of the localization sites of such projects. In practice, however, such developments are associated with certain environmental risks such as pollution of water, air, soil, destruction of other key elements of the environment. Such negative impacts are particularly devastating for unique ecologically clean territories, one of which is the Russian part of the global Arctic zone. In this regard, the aim of this study is to develop relevant scientific and practical recommendations for activating and scaling up the investment activity of business structures implementing environmentally-oriented investment projects within the boundaries of the AZRF. The essence of these innovations is based on a combined approach. In particular, it is proposed to introduce up to seven new direct measures of financial incentives for eco-investments by businesses, up to five changes to regional and federal legislation, up to three direct financial injections into the public sector, as well as a significant adjustment of tax legislation into the national economy. From a practical point of view, this will create new preferential conditions for business and stimulate eco-oriented investment thinking, as well as eliminate accumulated environmental damage, restore and rehabilitate most natural sites, preserve biological diversity, develop a comprehensive eco-monitoring system, and take a new significant step towards creating a renewable resource economy.
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Development of Small and Medium-Sized Business in the Arkhangelsk Oblast
Статья научная
The article examines the dynamics of the number of small and medium-sized businesses in the Arkhangelsk Oblast from 2017 to 2021. The main reason for the sharp decrease in the number of subjects in 2020 is determined. The most vulnerable and affected areas of small and medium-sized businesses are listed. The measures of support for these areas of entrepreneurship at the federal level are reviewed. The measures taken by the Arkhangelsk regional government to regulate the situation are studied. The specific organizations that give support directly in the territory of the Arkhangelsk Oblast are given. The reasons why it is necessary to support and develop small and medium business in the Arkhangelsk economy are given. The methods used in this paper are an analysis of the number of small and medium-sized enterprises, drawing conclusions about the economic situation in the Oblast on the basis of this analysis, and researching support measures. This article might be useful for entrepreneurs in the Arkhangelsk Oblast to study the support measures. The information described in the article could be useful for scientific research, for statistics and analysis of small and medium business in the Arkhangelsk Oblast.
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Статья научная
The northern regions of Norway and Russia have similar issues: new mega-projects for the development of oil and gas fields and infrastructure are not only an opportunity but also a challenge for the de-velopment of regional small and medium-size enterprises. To connect to projects, regional enterprises need to increase their competencies and find opportunities for cooperation with each other. The article presents the results of a study of the formation of a regional business alliance in Northern Norway. Further, it offers an analysis of the possibility of applying the North Norwegian experience to Russia. It is concluded that, although from a theoretical point of view, this is difficult, the prerequisites for the successful application of the studied experience exist in the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Murmansk Oblast. Two business associations are successfully operating there. They were built considering the Norwegian experience, but with the active participation of local industry and authorities, as well as accounting regional specifics, values, and traditions. It is a powerful foundation for the further development of business cooperation. The article contains several recommendations for such forms of collaboration. It is proposed to pay attention to the following: qualification of the coordinator, public-private financing scheme, openness and integration of the project, primary importance of technological cooperation idea and secondary significance of the legal form to be chosen.
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Development of the North 2.0: challenges of making a new theory
Статья научная
It is proposed to create a new theory of economic development of the North on three primary sources — the Soviet development school, the European school of regional studies, the North American school of frontier studies. Each of these schools relies on a broad conceptual foundation (location of productive forces, endogenous economic growth, innovative search), the fusion of which is capable of radically and positively transforming the theory of modern time. Comparison of the nature of the development process today and in the Soviet times reveals significant differences: an increase in spatial and temporal irregularity (polarization), multiactorism, glocalization, and the role of the grassroots “design” level. Numerous projects of new development implemented in the Russian Arctic and the North have common features in the form of an experimental nature, pilot-clone schemes for saving on experience, a plurality of equal status supply and training bases, etc. Large resource corporations that lead the world are directing actors of the territorial structure of the process of new development, and it depends on the internal organizational and institutional structure of the company itself.
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Статья научная
Digital transformation of marketing in the industrial market of northern regions is becoming increasingly important. It allows companies to effectively build a B2B interaction strategy and improve customer service quality using digital technologies, software and digital marketing tools. In addition, digital technologies contribute to improving the effectiveness of operational marketing solutions, expand opportunities for entering new markets and create personalized offers for customers. This research is aimed at analyzing the challenges and prospects of digital marketing transformation in the industrial market of northern regions. In order to achieve this goal, a systematic approach was used as a general scientific research method, and a comparative analysis of existing digital marketing transformation practices was carried out when processing and systematizing data. During the work, a conceptual model of digital transformation was created, which includes strategic and operational approaches to marketing management, emphasizing the importance of integrating data and analytics to optimize customer interaction. Special attention is paid to the adaptation of these approaches to the specifics of northern regions. The scientific contribution consists in systematizing existing knowledge about the digital transformation of marketing and offering new methods and tools that contribute to the effective integration of digital solutions into management processes. The research results can be successfully applied in the practical activities of industrial enterprises in northern regions, as well as in educational institutions for training specialists in the field of management, marketing management and digital marketing.
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Статья научная
Complex natural-climatic and spatial-geographical conditions, which comprehensively characterize the Arctic as a zone of absolute discomfort, create systemic barriers to the introduction of digital technologies necessary for levelling the risks of population preservation. Of particular strategic importance for the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation are rural territories that provide a presence in the vast and sparsely populated space of the Russian Arctic, including in the areas of exploitation of key deposits of mineral and biological resources. The aim of the article is to analyze the directions of digital transformation of regional development that promotes innovative development of rural territories in the Western sector of the Russian Arctic (on the example of the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug). Along with comparative analysis of scientific publications and content analysis of normative legal documents, a systematic review of strategic planning documents and indicators assessing the level of digitalization of the Arkhangelsk Oblast and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug with a special focus on the quality of life of the population was carried out. The analysis showed that digitalization processes react sensitively to the political and socio-economic situation, primarily the COVID-19 pandemic, economic recession and sanctions restrictions. The priorities of regional policy in the field of digital transformation have been identified, and insufficient attention to rural areas in this matter has been revealed. Under the concept of regional development “center-periphery”, the gap in the degree of development of digital ecosystems between urban and rural settlements is expected to increase, but the lack of official statistical indicators does not allow assessing its depth. Promising areas of state policy in the digital economy include systematic formation of digital competencies of the population, since digital literacy is the most important prerequisite for obtaining significant socio-economic effects of digitalization, as well as increasing the level of technical equipment of organizations, including through the expansion of subsidy programs for purchase of technical equipment used to provide goods, works and services of a socially oriented nature for the population.
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Статья научная
The subject of the article is the analysis of the current state of research and practice in the field of transport, logistics and digital infrastructures in the Russian Arctic. The authors consider logistic and digital infrastructures as key communication subsystems that ensure the movement of material values, people and information, and thus serve as a prerequisite for the development of the macro-region under consideration. The research methods used were literature review of scientific sources and analysis of the obtained material. A systematic literature mapping was carried out on Scopus, Google Scholar, Elibrary databases. Aspects of the Arctic region development, including the role of logistics and digital infrastructures in this process, are described by scientific schools of Russia, Canada, Norway, China, USA and other countries. The analysis has shown the highly variable state of the subsystems under consideration depending on the specific region, as well as the lack of a comprehensive approach to their joint development and integration. It was stated that there is no such problem statement about the development of communication subsystems of the Arctic zone. On the basis of the analysis, the key directions for the development of logistics and digital infrastructure of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation were formulated. The authors’ recommendations, apart from the obvious tasks of developing sea routes, building and modernizing roads, railways and airports, expanding access to broadband internet and other widely discussed measures, describe the need to integrate the communication subsystems under consideration and focus on the potential of digital technologies to replace and/or supplement the logistics infrastructure in certain aspects.
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Digitalization as a Factor for Development of the Target Arctic Subspaces
Статья научная
The Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is a rich, attractive, but hard-to-reach region. The authors of the article believe that the current level of development of digital and data technologies can make a constructive contribution to overcoming some of the challenges of Arctic conquest. Since the Russian Arctic is a complexly structured macro-region, the authors rely on the division of the Arctic into seven target subspaces. The paper identifies the requirements of the target Arctic subspaces for digital technologies that could facilitate the process of Arctic exploration. The paper used the results of previous research by colleagues, traditional methods of scientific analysis combined with an interdisciplinary approach, and an architectural approach to the design of socio-economic systems to identify the requirements of the identified subspaces. Based on the analysis of the collected and summarized materials, seven models of motivational extensions were constructed for each of the identified Arctic subspaces, summarizing information about the goal-setting of each subspace. Among other goal-setting factors, the requirements for digital technology services that would contribute to the development of each subspace were formulated. The resulting requirements contain both digital support needs common to all subspaces and those specific to each subspace due to its characteristics. As a result, the directions for effective implementation and use of digital technologies in the Russian Arctic were summarized.
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Статья научная
In the northern periphery, actions are needed to support regional economic development. According to widely shared understanding, innovations are at the core of sustainable economic growth. The regional innovation system (RIS) approach is a framework that has been developed for the design and implementation of innovation-based regional policies. This concept implicates new roles for public and private actors in the system. The role of the public sector is related to generating and diffusing knowledge to the companies and industrial networks. On the other hand, companies have increased collaboration with other actors and utilization of external knowledge for innovation and commercial purposes. The case analysis in this study is based on data from experiments in Oulu region, Finland, which has a long history in developing public-private collaboration and innovation system. The focus of the analysis is on knowledge application and exploitation, and their implications for the public driven innovation system and activities. Operational tools and activities are divided into three different categories: company collaboration, business development, and competence development. The analysis also reveals some examples of the future prospects and challenges in the region.
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Dynamics of border tourism in the Barents Euro-Arctic Region
Статья научная
The article discusses the main types and characteristics of border tourism in the countries of the Barents region. It provides official statistics on the number of trips, the results of tourist motivation study and reveals the positive dynamics of border tourism development. The materials of the current study in-clude a review and comparative analysis with data obtained during research sessions since 2013 within the framework of the international program Bachelor of Northern Studies. According to the survey, the Barents region has a great potential for the development of tourism and positive motivation that contributes to international contacts. An analysis of the border tourism development dynamics has shown an increase in the demand in the tourism services market, the necessity to create programs focused on the needs of the target audience of buyers, and the active promotion of Russian tourism in the international market.
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Ecological tourism as a factor of sustainable development of the Western Arctic
Статья научная
The article is based on the expert assessment of ecological tourism as the priority and competitive type of recreational nature management in the Western Arctic. The theoretical provisions are developed and the importance of the tourism industry in the sustainable development of the Russian Arctic is determined based on the analysis of problems and prospects of the modern development of ecological types of tourism in the regions and centers of tourism. The specificity of tourism is discussed considering the increased interest in the Arctic, the growth of cruise tourism and the increase in the anthropogenic load on the polar landscapes. Proposals are given and priority strategic tasks for the development of Arctic tourism are formulated: minimization of anthropogenic impact on the environment and preservation of the cultural and natural heritage of the Arctic, increasing the availability of Arctic territories for tourists. Development of competition in the field of transport, simplification of logistics, the combination of sea cruises with air travel to reduce the cost of travel for those wishing to visit the unique high-latitude Arctic territories and increase the tourist flow. Due to the predominance of expensive types of tourism in the Arctic, support for low-cost and high-income tourism destinations is needed. Innovative investment projects in the field of the Arctic tourism based on clusters could attract tourists and additional investments in infrastructure modernization.
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Economic Conjuncture of Arctic Natural Gas in the New Geopolitical Conditions
Статья научная
The special military operation (SMO) organically fits into the logic of the century-long confrontation between Russia and Britain, and later — the USA, known since the late 18th century as the “Great Game”. One of the goals of the SMO on a national scale is not only to restore Russia’s dominance in the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, but also to counteract the achievement of such a goal by NATO countries. Russia uses various sources of funding the SMO, including oil and gas revenues of the Federal budget. Natural gas, unlike oil, is not under sanctions. There is nothing to compensate for the loss of revenues from the reduction of gas exports to Europe: practically all Russian pipelines (except for the Power of Siberia-1 with a capacity of only 38 billion m3) are oriented to the West; liquefied natural gas from the Yamal LNG and Sakhalin-2 projects is contracted for many years ahead. The EU countries have nothing to compensate for the lost volumes, except coal, but only Russian coal. Europe needs gas, Russia needs currency for the SMO, so it is necessary to find a solution to the problem.
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Economic Security of Russia’s Northern and Arctic Territories: Problems and Solutions
Статья научная
In the context of modern geopolitical instability and increasing competition for Arctic resources, ensuring the economic security of the northern and Arctic regions of the Russian Federation is of strategic importance for strengthening the country’s defense capability and protecting its national interests. This research is aimed at a comprehensive analysis of the factors determining the dynamics of the gross regional product as a key indicator of sustainable growth and competitiveness of the economy, as well as the level of economic security of the northern and Arctic territories of Russia. The purpose of the work is to identify the main problems hindering the sustainable development of the region and to develop scientifically based recommendations aimed at increasing the effectiveness of government support measures and strengthening the economic potential of the region. The research used methods of system and statistical data analysis, as well as expert assessments. An assessment of the effectiveness of existing government support measures was carried out and key factors influencing the economic security of the region were identified. Promising areas for increasing the economic potential of the northern and Arctic territories were identified, including the development of innovative industries, modernization of production and social infrastructure, intensification of entrepreneurial activity, increasing the level of development of entrepreneurial structures and creating conditions for the use of alternative sources of financing entrepreneurship. Based on the results obtained, recommendations have been developed to improve the assessment of the effectiveness of state support measures, and elements of a regional economic security program have been proposed, adapted to the specific conditions and challenges facing northern and Arctic territories. The results obtained can be used by government authorities in developing additional regional measures aimed at stimulating GRP growth and strengthening the economic security of northern and Arctic territories. The materials of the article can also be used in further scientific research devoted to studying the role of the state, development institutions and business in ensuring the economic security of the region.
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Статья научная
The study of economic processes in the regions of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) using economic-statistical modelling methods is an important area of Arctic research due to the possibility of displaying statistically significant relationships of economic processes and phenomena and forecasting economic dynamics, but the potential of such modelling is limited by the specificity of the processes of a number of regional economies in the Arctic, distorted by the increased state presence and active management intervention in the Arctic. Therefore, economic and statistical studies of the Russian Arctic regions are rare in relation to the popularity of the Arctic topics in regional studies. The aim of the study is economic- statistical modelling of production processes in the regions of the AZRF using the production function (PF) toolkit. At the first stage, the analysis of correlations between GRP and factors of production was carried out, on the basis of which the AZRF regions were divided into three groups: 1) regions in which the mutual behavior of the main factors of production (labor and capital) fits into the generally accepted concepts (the Russian Federation as a whole, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)); 2) regions in which the mutual behavior of the main factors of production does not fit into the classical concepts: there is a sufficiently strong positive relationship with only one of the factors of production (the Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Krasnoyarsk Krai, the Komi Republic); 3) regions for which there is no sufficiently strong positive relationship between GRP and factors of production (the Murmansk Oblast, the Republic of Karelia, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug). At the second stage, at least 4 PF models were built for the regions of group 1 (the best model was selected using the Akaike information criterion adjusted for small samples). For the regions of group 2, Cobb-Douglas PF models and single-factor models were built, in which a factor with a positive relationship with GRP was included. The construction of PF models for the regions of group 3 is impossible.
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Статья научная
The development and exploration of the Arctic territories of Russia is important in the current conditions. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of state mechanisms for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Arctic conditions (on the example of the Arctic territories of the Komi Republic). On the basis of the results of the study, proposals to improve the effectiveness of these mechanisms for the survival of SMEs in the Arctic conditions have been developed. To improve the competitiveness and investment attractiveness of SMEs in the Arctic, the authors suggest developing a set of measures to strengthen the interaction between the state and business, primarily in the social, environmental and scientific and technological spheres within the framework of the public-private partnership (PPP) mechanism. To ensure the innovative development of SMEs in the Arctic, it was recommended to develop the “Arctic Venture” model as a high-tech tool for innovative development within the existing Russian venture capital industry. The importance of creating project-oriented business structures that conduct strategic analyses on an ongoing basis, study the impact of the external environment on business, identify existing development problems and develop projects to solve existing problems was noted. It was also proposed to elaborate tools for the development of corporate governance system in small and medium-sized enterprises in order to ensure their competitiveness and investment attractiveness.
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Entrepreneurial activity in the Russian Arctic territories compared to the All-Russian situation
Статья научная
The paper considers the entrepreneurial activity of the Russian Arctic territories and reveals its specificity compared to the all-Russian situation. The relevance of the scientific task is determined by the fact that ensuring economic growth and social development of the Russian Arctic is impossible without the necessary strengthening of entrepreneurial activity. The search for a mechanism for managing Arctic entrepreneurship is currently an urgent scientific task. The paper presents the authors' estimates of the entrepreneurial activity of the Russian Arctic territories compared to the all-Russian situation. The authors present the classification of the territories of the Russian Federation and the Russian Arctic by the principal business activity related to the subject of the market manifesting it. It is argued the Arctic specificity, and local conditions determine the development of entrepreneurial activity in the Arctic for such market actors as business and the state. This feature allowed us to offer and justify recommendations to stimulate entrepreneurial activity regarding the belonging of the Arctic to a classification group.
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Export Diversification of the Arkhangelsk Oblast’s Forestry Complex
Статья научная
The decrease in the volume of exports of forest products from the Arkhangelsk Oblast is a significant problem for the region’s economy. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current situation and identify the prospects for development of forest products exports in the region. The export volume of forest products from the Arkhangelsk Oblast in 2023 significantly decreased compared to 2021. In the conditions of sanctions pressure, Russian forestry enterprises have to look for alternative markets. Despite the steps being taken to diversify exports, companies face difficulties in establishing business ties with foreign partners due to fears of secondary sanctions. This leads to a reduction in supply volumes and, as a result, a decrease in income from export activities. In addition, the domestic market is experiencing a negative impact due to a decrease in exports. Reduced external demand for wood creates an oversupply in the domestic market, which leads to a drop in prices. Such changes have a destructive impact on the financial well-being of enterprises in the Arkhangelsk Oblast, the economy of which depends on the forestry sector. In 2021, the Arkhangelsk Oblast exported timber to Asia, Europe, Africa, North and South America and even to the countries of Oceania. After the sanctions restrictions, the country structure of timber exports has changed dramatically. China became the main importer of timber from the Arkhangelsk Oblast. In the course of the study, the key directions of export diversification were identified and effective measures for their implementation were developed. Diversification of production and development of new markets will allow the Arkhangelsk forestry complex to overcome the negative consequences of export specialization and keep the leading positions in the Russian forestry sector.
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