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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 8014
Antimicrobial Resistance in India: Extent, Statistics
Статья научная
AMR represents a public health challenge in India associated with the overuse of antibiotics transmission through the food chain inadequate regulatory enforcement and environmental pollution. Likewise India bears a large share of resistant infections significantly adding to worldwide illness and death caused by AMR. This article provides a review of the AMR burden and data in India; analyzes antibiotic misuse, in people and livestock outlines food-related transmission routes assesses legal and policy frameworks and explores existing prevention approaches and obstacles. The assessment emphasizes the need for unified and cross-sectoral efforts, within the One Health approach.
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Anxious sexual failure expectation syndrome (fear of sexual failure) in men
Статья научная
Results of the article authors researches are submitted. It is reported that anxious sexual failure expectation syndrome (ASFES) can exist in two forms: the form of anxious apprehension of sexual failure as well as the form of fear of sexual failure (coitophobia). Three variants in the formation of ASFES (premanifest, manifest, postmanifest with respect to the beginning of sexual dysfunctions) are isolated as well as its acute, subacute and gradual development. Some mechanisms of its pathogenesis are revealed (dysfunction of mesodiencephalic structures, which occurs during intimacy, hyposecretion of testosterone, weakening of its transformation into dihydrotestosterone, hyperprolactinaemia, etc.), and its sexological and nonsexoligical manifestations are characterized (sexual dysfunctions, psychoautonomic and psychosensory disturbances, behavioural changes during and outside intimacy). Types of “neurosis of failure expectation” are submitted. Variants of the ASFES course (continual and alternating) and its clinical variants (total, selective, androcentric, feminocentric and mixed) are isolated. Also, different variants of the ASFES influence on sexual harmony (decompensatory, compensatory and the one that does not have any significant effect on the harmony) and common information about therapy for this syndrome (psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy) are submitted.
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Application and exploration of aesthetics in ship
Статья научная
Ship aesthetics is a new professional discipline that studies the law of ship aesthetics from the perspective of scientific ship aesthetics and the comprehensive application of basic theories such as aesthetics, shipbuilding and architecture. From the vertical level, it has its own concept, theory and application system; From the perspective of horizontal professional scope, it is an edge discipline derived from the organic combination of shipbuilding and architecture. This paper mainly takes the connotation of design aesthetics as the starting point, in view of the deficiencies and difficulties existing in the current ship design, combined with the characteristics and connotation of design aesthetics, and uses the expression techniques of design aesthetics to show the practical application in ship design, so as to continuously innovate and make progress in ship design and create a more scientific, green, modern and comfortable marine living environment.
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Application of new fungicides against the diseases of agricultural crops
Статья научная
This article outlines the results of the research conducted on farms Changimardon bogi in Parkent District of Tashkent Region and Behruz Baraka Fayz in Tashkent District of Tashkent Region on the origin and spread of downy mildew disease of the grapevine and phytophthora disease of potato plant, the symptoms of the diseases and their damage, and the data on the biological efficacy of new fungicide Pilarzox 25.5% SC applied against these diseases. As a result of our research: In the variant with Pilarzox 25.5% SC fungicide treatment at a rate of 1.2 l/ha against downy mildew disease of grapevine, the spread of the disease was 4.7%, the development of the disease was 0.7%, and the biological efficiency was 91.0%. The highest biological efficacy of potato plant against phytophthora disease was observed in the variant with Pilarzox 25.5% SC fungicide treatment at a rate of 2.5 l/ha. At the same time, the development of the disease was 2.4% in the leaves, 2.1% in the stems, and the biological efficiency was 89.5% in the leaves and 89.2% in the stems.
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Application of the principle of efficiency in ensuring social and economic security
Статья научная
The principle of effectiveness is considered important because it determines the importance of the system and the mechanism of ensuring socio-economic security for society. It implies that the objectives of the mechanism (achievement and maintenance of its non-dangerous state and development) are realized with the lowest costs of the company to maintain its functioning on the basis of the necessary complexity of the structure. This means that the system and included in its membership a way to ensure socio-economic security are required to work efficiently from the point of view of the rationality of expenses of the company and the significance of the obtained results. The rationality of costs is guided by how they relate to the likely outcomes of ensuring socio-economic security. In combination, they reflect the effectiveness of ensuring social and economic security. But the performance assessment in the presented case is related to the problem of cost and probable outcomes...
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Application on intelligent technology of electrical engineering and automation
Статья научная
In the electrical industry, the complexity and construction scale of electrical engineering are increasing, the traditional technology has been difficult to efficiently adapt to the development needs of the new era industry, deepening the popularization of the application of intelligent technology in electrical engineering and automation, is an important development direction of the electrical industry. This paper describes the basic connotation of electrical engineering and automation and intelligent technology, analyzes the electrical engineering and automation intelligent technology application in improving the level of system control, improve data processing accuracy and optimize the significance of system design, studied the electrical engineering and automation system in fault response processing, automation control, system design, the specific application of real-time monitoring.
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Applying Social Forms: The Project Method in Teaching Foreign Languages
Статья научная
The article discusses applying the project method as one social form of teaching foreign languages. The author of the article considers that in project work students learn to cooperate, and cooperative learning fosters in them such moral values as mutual assistance, desire, and ability to empathize; it improves the general culture of communication and social behavior in general, forms creative abilities and activity of students, i.e. there is an inseparable process of training and education and leads students to practical possession of a foreign language.
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Статья научная
In the article, the authors carried out a theoretical analysis of the practical applications of artificial intelligence in various fields. It is concluded that the use of artificial intelligence in the textile industry, in particular in management, will serve as a jerk to the innovative development of the industry.
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Статья научная
The current structure of the industrial sector of the Republic of Belarus, statistical data on the dynamics of the sectoral structure, the structure of exports and imports of the main commodity groups in the context of the CIS countries and other countries were used for testing the methodology. At the same time, their sectoral identification was carried out for the exported commodity group in order to guarantee the unity of the method of post-segment evaluation. For industry dispersal, a method of ranking is used and the purpose of the product is provided, determined by the content of each segment. The rank of individual sectors of the economy in the sectoral structure of the industrial sector is established on the principle of a greater share in the output of the industrial sector.
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Статья научная
The Declaration of sovereignty by Kyrgyzstan in December 1990, the adoption of the Declaration of independence in August 1991 and their recognition by the world community were the most important historical and political events for our country at the end of the XX century, which led to fundamental changes in all spheres of public life, including in the development of culture. The changes that occurred in these years in the country’s management system have created a number of new problems in the historical and cultural development of the nation. A sharp increase in the flow of diverse ideological information, the strengthening of the influence of Western culture against the background of the socio-economic crisis that engulfed the country from the first years of sovereignty, had an impact, and not always positive, on the national culture.
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Artificial intelligence creats polyglotts
Статья научная
This article explores how AI-driven tools and platforms are transforming language learning, shifting from traditional methods to more dynamic approaches. Is it possible to AI to replace traditional ways of language learning? This is one of the most breakthroughs of the 21st century, AI is a mighty engine to help learners. In a world moulded by technological advancement, people still find it difficult to communicate effectively, especially if they are learning a foreign language. This problem has now become international. Then, should we not use the advances in technology to meet this challenge? In particular we'd like to use AI to solve the language learning problems. To test the hypothesis we did a survey, the results of which were quantitative. By means of these we infer that all of the respondents, who are mostly 16-30-year-old students in Bishkek, enjoyed better fluency, pronunciation, and self-confidence by using AI-powered language learning tools. There are many kinds of software based on artificial intelligence such as Duolingo, Fully Fluent, Babbel, Memrise, and others. One of our team’s members have successfully used Fully Fluent to practice speaking and listening in one-on-one dialogues. This app actually represents a virtual conversation partner, listens and responds to keep the conversation flowing. After six months of use, communication skills have improved significantly. Based on these facts we conclude that with the tools of AI students can make up for what they lack in traditional methods and not only their conversational comprehension but speaking skills as well will improve considerably.
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Artificial neural networks and translation
Статья научная
Relevance of the issue under study is enough high to worry and speculate about it, because technologies now are reaching the step, there it was not expected to see about 5-6 years ago. The purpose of the article is to understand, is it possible in the near future to make machine translator based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) able to remove live translators. The leading approach to the study is to compare statistical translation, translation by neural network and translation by professional live translator, to see how high quality of translation by machine interpreter. The article considers the basic concepts of ANN, as well as modern artificial translators. The results showed that Artificial Intelligence developed on a very high level, but we are still at a great distance from technologies of that level and near future, it will eliminate professional translators, though, artificial translators influence on increasing level of language knowledge. The article may be useful for people interested in mechanisms of translation and for translators of all levels, as well as for programmers who are interested in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and all kind of translators, who want to know the future of their profession.
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Aspects of diagnostics of neonatal pulmonary hypertension in the premature newborns
Статья научная
The formation of the pulmonary vascular system is due to the gradual development and is an integral part of the differentiation of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. In children born at a gestational age of 24 weeks, the lungs are at the canalicular stage of formation. At this stage, the alveoli and capillaries are not capable of ensuring proper gas exchange, due to failures in the remodeling of the interstitial extracellular matrix. Hypoxia and, as a result, post-hypoxic changes eventually lead to maladaptation syndrome of the cardiovascular system caused by a cascade of various disorders. One, perhaps, of the most severe clinic-pathogen etic forms of this pathology is neonatal pulmonary hypertension, characterized by the absence of specific manifestations, pathognomonic signs and accompanied by high mortality. The purpose of our study is to analyze the data of ECG and echocardiogram in children with neonatal pulmonary hypertension. We found that with persistent pulmonary hypertension on an ECG, signs of hypoxic-ischemic myocardial damage are more often detected. With persistent pulmonary hypertension, speeds of more than 1.4-1.6 m/s and diagnostically significant regurgitation to the tricuspid valve (++ / +++) are detected.
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Assess the impact of foreign direct investment on local investment
Статья научная
The article presents an overview of research on the essence of foreign direct investment. At the same time, the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in developing countries and countries with economies in transition is analyzed optimistically in the study. Based on the analysis and research, scientific conclusions were formed on the effective use of foreign direct investment in Uzbekistan. Based on these findings, relevant suggestions and recommendations were made.
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Assessment and reserve of some feed phytocoenoses
Статья научная
The studies were carried out on the floristic, geobotanical and resource assessment in Zardab and Ujar districts in 2020-2021 and 87 species belonging to 12 families were registered in the composition of coenosis. 12 species ( Poa bulbosa L., Poa pratensis L., Artemisia lerchiana Weber, Chenopodium album L., Bromus scoparius L., Alhagi maurorum Medik., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Climacoptera crassa (M. Bieb.), Stipa capillata L., Brassica napus L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Alyssum tortuosum Willd. (= Odontarrhena tortuosa (Waldst. et Kit. ex Will.) C. A. Mey.)) distinguished for their long-term participation in the composition of the groupings were determined. The dynamics of productivity in coenoses were assessed by seasons and it was found that they changed in the range of 1.44-1.91 hwt/ha (in spring), 0.65-1.55 hwt/ha (in summer), 1.02-1.76 hwt/ha (in autumn). The dominance of forbs on botanical groupings was revealed.
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Статья научная
The increase in overall morbidity, a decline in the birth rate, and changes in the health structure of various population groups require a systematic analysis and assessment in order to develop effective measures for disease prevention and the strengthening of public health. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive descriptive analysis of the health status and morbidity of the population and students in the southern region of the Kyrgyz Republic, to identify the main trends and patterns of their changes, as well as to assess the health status of students as a separate social group. The article presents an analysis of medical and demographic indicators and overall morbidity of the population of the Osh, Jalal-Abad, and Batken regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. It includes an assessment of overall morbidity in the Osh oblast, as well as an analysis by disease classes according to ICD-10, examining their structure and dynamics over the period 2019–2023. In addition, the health status of students at Osh State University was evaluated. A predominance of students with an asthenic body type was revealed: 59.9% among first-year students, 52.0% among second-year students, and 26.6% among third-year students. A significant proportion of the examined individuals showed a pronounced body weight deficit, mainly due to reduced muscle mass. A high prevalence of health deviations and a decrease in key indicators of somatic health among students were identified. Overall, a predominance of students with an asthenic body type and pronounced body weight deficiency was established. It was found that the medical and demographic situation in the Osh, Jalal-Abad, and Batken regions in 2019–2023 is characterized by an increase in overall morbidity, a decline in the birth rate and natural population growth, and a stabilization of the overall mortality rate.
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Assessment of adaptation potential of foreign students studying in low and midlands conditions
Статья научная
Assessment of the adaptive potential of students studying in low- and midlands conditions is a very important task, since it allows students to timely identify pathological conditions that precede the development of the disease. The goal of this study is to assess the adaptive capabilities of foreign students studying in low- and midlands conditions. The 260 first-course male students aged 19.55±1.31 years from India were examined. The study was conducted in low mountains (760 m ASL) and middle mountains (1650 m ASL). The index of functional changes (IFCh), as calculated by R. M. Baevsky, took into account factors such as age, height, body weight, heart rate, and blood pressure. A comparative analysis of the indicators of the index of functional changes (IFCh) of foreign students studying in lowlands and midlands revealed significant differences in systolic blood pressure (SBP). In the low mountains group, the value of IFCh was higher than in the middle mountains group. The majority of students (77% in the lowlands and 86% in the midlands) demonstrated a satisfactory level of adaptation. However, a small percentage of students in both the lowlands (6%) and midlands (1%) showed unsatisfactory adaptation. Therefore, the educational environment in the midlands was found to be more favorable for the adaptation of Indian students.
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Статья научная
The study is dedicated to the assessment of fish fauna of the natural and artificial water bodies in Nakhchivan in 2018-2022 and the environmental factors that have impact over them. It was determined for this period that fish fauna is distributed in 10 water bodies. Out of those water bodies, Nakhchivan reservoir dominates both from the perspective of species and fish hunting. Along with the study of fish fauna in aquifers, the factors influencing their development were also assessed. Although the balance is disturbed as a natural factor, factors such as industrial waste, garbage and solid waste, sewage waste, detergents and artificial fertilizers, agrochemicals, oil and oil products, radioactivity and thermal pollution are the main factors of environmental pollution. Other factors: untimely and excessive hunting, fishing during reproductive migration, the introduction of new fish species into freshwater sources, anthropogenic factors such as hydropower also have a significant impact on fish development.
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Assessment of menstrual hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practice among medical students
Статья научная
Menstrual hygiene is an essential aspect of reproductive health, yet it remains a significant public health concern due to inadequate awareness, limited access to sanitary facilities, and persistent cultural taboos. Medical students, despite their educational background, also face challenges in managing menstrual hygiene effectively. Research objectives: this study aims to assess menstrual hygiene awareness, practices, and associated challenges among female medical students at the International Medical Faculty, Osh State University. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 328 female medical students from first to sixth year. The self-developed, pre-validated questionnaire included questions on menstrual hygiene awareness, practices, product preferences, challenges faced, and the influence of residence and institutional support. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, expressed as counts and percentages. Research results: the study found that while most students had a basic understanding of menstrual hygiene, significant gaps existed in awareness, affordability, and accessibility of sanitary products. A considerable proportion of students (42.7%) reported experiencing health issues due to inadequate menstrual hygiene. Hostel residents faced more challenges related to sanitation and pad disposal compared to those living in flats. Period stigma remained prevalent, with 15.2% of students reporting experiences of period shaming. Despite being in a medical environment, only 34.8% of students reported receiving menstrual hygiene awareness from their institution. The study highlights the need for improved menstrual hygiene education, better sanitation facilities, and increased accessibility to affordable menstrual products. Institutional initiatives, such as awareness programs, infrastructure improvements, and policy changes, are crucial in addressing menstrual hygiene challenges and promoting a stigma-free environment.
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Assessment of producing abilities of farmland in a limited water supply environment of Uzbekistan
Статья научная
This article is investigated the calculation of the natural soil productivity of agricultural land plots in the current conditions of limited water supply in the Republic of Uzbekistan, which is considered one of the developing countries of Central Asia, i. e., it studies both theoretical and methodological aspects of determining the soil assessment and issues of economic land assessment based on it. That is why the rational and efficient use of irrigation water in today’s restricted distribution is one of the most important issues for any economy, and it is important to consider the evaluation of soils and economic evaluation of irrigated land, a land assessment, the positive solution of a number of economic issues.
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