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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 6432
Assessment of the state of water and land resources in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The results of the study, which show that up to 96% of the irrigated land is watered mainly with traditional methods of irrigation (furrows and fillings) by surface methods, and the rest up to 5%, while in irrigated fields it is watered with the use of progressive water-saving low-intensity Irrigation systems. Therefore, in the fields, the level of groundwater grows every day.
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Automatic processing of text in natural language
Статья научная
In this article, questions of artificial intelligence, in particular, automatic processing in natural language texts are considered. As well as types of wordform analysis are considered and an algorithm for finding the initial form of the word is proposed.
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Статья научная
В статье говорится об употреблении понятия avaritia «жадность» в сочинениях Цицерона. Целью исследования является системный анализ понятия на основе квантитативного метода. Имеется более 150 случаев употребления понятия avaritia и его производных (avarus, avare) у Цицерона. Чаще всего термин встречается в речах (около 100 раз), особенно в инвективах «Против Верреса» (55 раз), меньше всего - в переписке (6 раз). Для Цицерона жадность - один из самых серьезных пороков, подразумевающий преувеличенное мнение о деньгах. Наряду с отрицательными нравственными категориями (luxuria / luxuries, crudelitas, superbia и др.) и положительными (этическими понятиями стоической философии (honestum / honestas, virtus, officium, justitia, liberalitas, cogitatio, temperantia и др.) и исконно римскими этическими и политико-правовыми терминами (dignitas, jus, lex и др.), противопоставленными алчности) понятие avaritia образует ядро этико-философского и политического понятийного аппарата сочинений Цицерона.
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Статья научная
The possibility of preventing salmonellosis in chicken (pathogen agent - Salmonella enterica , serovar Enteritidis (SE)) by using specific yolk IgY was discussed in presented article. There has been raising the number of reports in the scientific periodicals about increased antibiotic resistance of Salmonella . SE is one of the most common Salmonella serovars worldwide that causes food poisoning in humans. At the same time, infected chicken eggs and meat serve as the main source of infection. For extraction of the IgY, 10 laying hens were used. All layers were hyperimmunized by a vaccine containing live attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica , ser. Enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum Pullorum. The control group with the same number of layers was not vaccinated. A feed additive for newly hatched chicken and solution with purified and isolated IgY were prepared from egg yolks of immunized and non-immunized birds. During oral administration as a feed additive in per os and intraperitoneal experimental infection by a lethal dose of SE the examination of the efficiency of the obtained product on six-day-old chickens were conducted. Thereby, conducted examinations have shown the high efficiency of the feed additive and preparation with purified immunoglobulins prepared from the yolks of eggs of immunized chicken in experimental infection with a lethal dose of Salmonella Enteritidis.
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Bases of economic efficiency of agricultural production
Краткое сообщение
The essence, criteria and system of indicators of economic efficiency of agricultural production in Uzbekistan are considered. The scientific views of scientists-economists on the definition of the category “efficiency” are given.
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Basic aspects in the Kyrgyz-French relations development
Статья научная
France is a regional State in Europe. However, it is among the largest states capable of simultaneously influencing global geopolitical and geo-economic processes, the formation of a new architecture of international relations. France is the Permanent Representative of the United Nations Security Council and pays special attention to international issues. For many states and international organizations, France is the most favorable state for the development of partnerships. The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the Kyrgyz Republic is intended to ensure the integration of Kyrgyzstan into the European economy. In this regard, the integration of Kyrgyz legislation in all areas of activity defined by the partnership and cooperation agreement, in accordance with the international treaties of the Member States of the European Union, is of particular importance.
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Basic principles of the mechanism of ensuring social and economic security
Статья научная
The choice of the hierarchical principle of the structural organization of the mechanism of ensuring socio-economic security is consistent with the presentation of the role of its components in the regulation of financial and economic processes. Thus, in the performance of the functions of defence, the role of the components of the mechanism in the schemes of direct and current relations, information channels, management conclusions and administrative work is inevitable. Apart from this, the inter-element relations of the mechanism of ensuring social and economic security are mediated by financial and economic relations and, first of all, commodity-money, which is based on the coordination and specific subordination of financial and economic interests. This means that the process of ensuring social and economic security must not be strictly subordinate to the hierarchy of public administration, and be one of its intensive components, which plays a dual role. On the one hand, it has the ability to be needed as the 1st of the methods of implementation of the state financial and economic interests...
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Baysun in the political life of the Mangit dynasty
Статья научная
This article analyzes the naming of Baysun property in historical sources, the description of the ruler’s fortress in Baysun, and the existing properties in Baysun.
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Berberis aquifolium Pursh - новый вид для флоры Нахчыванской Автономной Республики Азербайджана
Статья научная
Проведены геоботанические, флористические, систематические, экологические исследования для изучения флоры и растительности Нахчыванской Автономной Республики Азербайджана. Целью исследования был поиск новых таксонов дикорастущей и культурной флоры. До наших исследований (1970 г.) во флоре Нахчывана сем. Berberidaceae было представлено всего 3 видами рода Berberis : B. integerrima Bunge, B. iberica Steven, B. vulgaris L. В течение многолетних исследований (1970-2023 гг.) нами выявлено еще 3 вида: Berberis heteropoda Schrenk, B. thunbergii f. atropurpurea и во время экспедиции 10.05.2023 г. найден вид Berberis aquifolium Pursh. Он интродуцирован как высокодекоративный кустарник. Таким образом, на основе литературных источников и результатов наших исследований установлено, что в Азербайджане распространено 14 дикорастущих и культивируемых видов (и две форма) барбариса. Во время исследований обращали внимание на условия местообитания нововыявленных таксонов, изучены их морфобиологические и биоэкологические особенности для дальнейшего рационального использования. Виды барбариса - ценные полезные растения. По результатам проведенных исследований рекомендуется создать плантации, имеющие промышленное значение для рационального, долголетнего использования, повышать продуктивность, охранять естественные заросли и их популяции.
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Biochemical blood parameters in the treatment for dyspepsia
Статья научная
Many issues of newborn calves diseases etiology have not been fully studied and the practical experience of many veterinarians shows with proper diagnosis and treatment that it is possible to achieve a sharp reduction in the young animals mortality. With the birth of calves complex adaptation processes to new conditions occur. The next level of development depends on immunity development. Although a range of different drugs are used to treat dyspepsia in newborn calves, they are not always successful, and it depends on the complex of measures used. The aim of the conducted research is to study the state and dynamics of metabolism in the neonatal period with dyspepsia in newborn calves; to study the effectiveness of the probiotic, along with its impact on the clinical situation; to determine the effectiveness of the drug when used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Probiotic Vetom-15.1 was used in different age groups. As a result, it was found that biochemical blood parameters improved significantly.
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Biodiversity of ravine flora of the northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus
Статья научная
As a result of the study of the areas, the geographical features of the ravine flora were studied. The flora is grouped by geographical elements according to the existing scheme of geographical elements. Geographical analysis shows that pontic and nemoral geoelements are dominated by Eurasian, European, and ancient Mediterranean areas. Nemoral and pontic geoelements cover all areal types. Cosmopolitans dominate. It should be pointed out that as a result of human economic activity, the species composition in the ravines has decreased sharply. Ravines occupy an important place in the formation of the vegetation of the north-east of the Lesser Caucasus and play the role of soil protection and water protection. Systematic, biomorphological, ecological cenotic, geographical analysis shows that the ravine flora is similar to the zonal flora of the meadow steppe system, but at the same time has its own characteristics. It is heterogeneous in species composition. One of the peculiarities of the flora is the predominance of weeds, forest vegetation and migrants.
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Bioecological characteristic and uses of Spinacia tetrandra steven
Статья научная
The flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic can be considered as a source of vegetable raw materials rich in herbal, medicinal, technical and, in general, biologically active substances. From this point of view, it is very important to study the modern state of wild vegetable plants in Nakhchivan MR biodiversity, to search for new opportunities and traditional ways of their use. In the article, biomorphological features and directions of use of Spinacia tetrandra , were investigated. Plant specimens are found in saline areas, sandy soils, roadsides and settlements. It spreads from plains to lower mountainous belts. Plant samples were collected from Gahab, Zeyneddin, Jamaldin etc. regions. It is usually used cooked. Spinach is used in the preparation of beetroot soup, soups and various vegetable dishes. Dried spinach is slightly inferior to meat in the amount of protein it contains. Spinach is used not only fresh, but also canned and frozen.
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Bioecological characteristics of species of the Hypericum L. genus in flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The Republic of Azerbaijan with a rich biodiversity occupies a special place in the Caucasus region. There are about 5000 higher plant species in the country (belonging to 1142 genera), which makes up 66% of the total number of plant species growing in the Caucasus. Among the widespread plant species in this rich nature, the Hypericum genus which belongs to the Hypericaceae family takes special place. Although the vast majority of species belonging to the Hypericaceae family are perennial, annual grass, shrub (47%), among them are semi-shrubs and, in rare cases, low trees ( H. bequaertii De Wild., H. revolutum Vahl, H. canariense L. (5%) and aquatic ( H. elodes L.) plants. Hypericum genus, which has about 500 species, 70 subspecies, 3 varieties and 11 hybrids in the world are represented by 19 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety in the flora of Azerbaijan. The present article is part of a complex experimental study which comprises bioecological research studies of Hypericum L. in flora of Azerbaijan.
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Статья научная
Helminthological studies of sheep and goats were conducted in the northeastern territories of the Lesser Caucasus of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2013-2022. The northeastern areas of the Lesser Caucasus include Ganja and Goygeli, Dashkesan, Geranboy, Naftalan, Samukh, Shamkir, Tovuz, Agstafa, Gazakh and Kadabek districts, as well as the areas around the Kura and Jeyranchel rivers, which are wintering places of livestock farms. This process plays a special role in the formation of helminth fauna of animals, as small horned livestock farms in these areas lead a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle. As a result of helminthological research 52 species of helminths, including 43 species of nematodes were identified. Of these, 7 species are indicated for the study region for the first time. All detected nematode species were registered in sheep, while only 26 species were found in goats, which are common to the sheep helminth fauna. These helminth species can be considered as permanent elements of the helminthofaunistic complex of livestock production in the studied region. It was found that young sheep and goats are relatively heavily infested with helminths. Infestation is higher in late spring - early summer and early fall. For this purpose, 957 sheep and 619 goats were examined for nematode pathogens in different landscape-ecological zones of the region by the method of complete helminthological autopsy according to K. I. Skryabin. Some species of helminths are absent in the studied animals before driving them to summer pastures but are observed in them after their return to wintering. Animals become infected by ingesting larvae or mature helminth eggs on summer pastures.
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Bioecological features and reproduction of Carica papaya L. in closed conditions (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
The article for the first time at the Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS presents the introduction, reproduction, bioecological features, and dynamics of growth and development of the species Carica papaya L. in closed conditions. The seed and vegetative methods of propagation of the species Carica papaya L., which we consider promising, can be successfully applied in interior gardening, and the results of studies of the last 3 years on them have been studied. To achieve this goal, the following studies were carried out: the study of seed and vegetative methods of reproduction; the determination of the morphological features of seedlings obtained at the initial stage of development (ontogenesis), the study of biorhythms of development, the study of the dynamics of growth and development of the root system of annual plants.
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Статья научная
Bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are dangerous pests of forest and fruit trees both in the world and in Azerbaijan. Their activity results in partial or complete drying out, and a decrease in quantitative and qualitative indicators of the trees. These pests are even more dangerous during the years of mass reproduction. The bark beetles, which mainly infect old trees or trees weakened by biotic, abiotic, anthropogenic factors, attack young and healthy trees during mass reproduction. These pests, which pose a threat to forestry and horticulture, have not been studied in detail in Azerbaijan. The work was carried out by the author on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus of Azerbaijan (Balakan, Zagatala, Gakh, Sheki, Oguz, Gabala, Ismayilli, Shamakhi and Absheron) in 2013-2019 and 22 species of bark beetles were identified damaging to forest trees. The article provides information about the bioecological characteristics and economic importance of the oak bark beetle ( Scolytus intricatus (Ratzeburg, 1837)) and striped ambrosia beetle ( Trypodendron lineatum (A. G. Olivier, 1800)), which are widespread in the study area and cause serious damage to forest trees. T. lineatum is new to the fauna of Azerbaijan. As a result of the activity of these pests, industrially valuable trees, such as oak, chestnut, elm, beech, pine, fir are partially or completely destroyed by drying.
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Bioethanol to hydrogen membrane surface characteristics change study
Статья научная
The problem of the gradual transformation of the modern economy towards greater production and consumption of ‘green’ energy requires a significant revision of existing technologies. One of the possible ways to develop green energy is the use of hydrogen as the most environmentally friendly fuel. Hydrogen can be obtained both by electrolysis, using solar energy, and using biorenewable raw materials, which can be used as ethanol, biogas, peat, agricultural waste. At the same time, for regions with a low level of illumination, the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water using electricity generated by solar panels is inaccessible, and therefore the processing of biorenewable raw materials can take a leading position. Bioethanol is a large-capacity product with a proven production technology that widely uses waste from agriculture and wood processing. Ethanol can be used as a feedstock for hydrogen generation by means of catalytic pyrolysis or catalytic steam reforming. Membrane-catalytic steam reforming of ethanol with the production of hydrogen makes it possible to obtain hydrogen without the use of an additional purification step, however, the efficiency and stability of the membrane becomes the determining parameter that ensures the efficiency of the entire process. The degradation of inorganic membranes during catalytic steam reforming is closely related to the change in porosity as a result of hydrolysis of the membrane surface. In this connection, the study of the physicochemical properties of membranes during operation can make a significant contribution to the development of stable catalytic membranes for hydrogen production. The article presents the results of studying the physicochemical properties of an inorganic membrane for ethanol steam reforming by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The Langmuir, Brunauer-Emmett-Taylor, t-plot and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda models were used to estimate the surface change. An increase in the surface area of mesopores during the operation of the membrane was determined.
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Статья научная
In the years 2021-2023, as a result of the research conducted in Masalli district, located in the southern zone of Azerbaijan, it was found that the Moroccan locust gives one full generation in these areas. Hibernation takes place in the egg stage in the carp. Larvae emerge from the eggs in the second half of April. The results obtained during the research can be used when developing measures to combat this pest.
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Biological basis of high productivity of pomegranate plant
Статья научная
Punica granatum L. is propagated by seeds and cuttings. Propagation of the plant by cuttings is preferred. The main goal of our experiment is to monitor the process of biological development during the reproduction of pomegranate varieties with cuttings and to compare and reproduce the better developing pomegranate varieties. We conclude from the research that pomegranate grows in any soil. But a better developed root system, high productivity occurs in bushes grown in moist and fertile soils. Also, after transplanting young plants (one-year and two-year) to the open air, watering and cultivation of the plant should be done seriously. For this, more attention should be paid to soil plowing, weeding, and agrotechnical rules in the first 3 months.
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Статья научная
Although it is very difficult to study the biomorphological properties of plants according to their sensitivity to salt ions during introduction, the fact that species do not adapt to saline soils for a long time makes it necessary to conduct some experiments. The introduction of new trees and shrubs imported from abroad has become a priority in the Absheron Peninsula of the Republic of Azerbaijan, especially in the Khazar and Pirallahi regions. In this regard, chemical analyzes were carried out by analytical methods, the mechanism of action of salt ions (Cl-, SO42- and CO32-) in plants was studied, intoxication of toxic salt ions and bio indicative properties of individual ions were studied. During the study, 44 species of trees and shrubs sensitive to Cl-, SO42- and CO32- ions were selected and their salinization properties (weak, medium and high) were determined. It was found that the sensitivity of trees and shrubs to chlorine, sulfate and carbonate ions is significantly different, and the selectivity of plants to salt ions is correlated with bio indicative properties. The saline and re-salinized soils of the areas belong to the chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride and chloride-sulfate-carbonate types, in which high chlorine ion, medium carbonate ion and weak sulfate ions are found to cause intoxication. In saline soils, chlorine ions have been shown to form halo succulence in plants, and sulfate ions to have halo xerophytes, and trees’ species are less resistant to salt ions than shrub species.
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