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Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 5660
Bioecological characteristics of species of the Hypericum L. genus in flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The Republic of Azerbaijan with a rich biodiversity occupies a special place in the Caucasus region. There are about 5000 higher plant species in the country (belonging to 1142 genera), which makes up 66% of the total number of plant species growing in the Caucasus. Among the widespread plant species in this rich nature, the Hypericum genus which belongs to the Hypericaceae family takes special place. Although the vast majority of species belonging to the Hypericaceae family are perennial, annual grass, shrub (47%), among them are semi-shrubs and, in rare cases, low trees ( H. bequaertii De Wild., H. revolutum Vahl, H. canariense L. (5%) and aquatic ( H. elodes L.) plants. Hypericum genus, which has about 500 species, 70 subspecies, 3 varieties and 11 hybrids in the world are represented by 19 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety in the flora of Azerbaijan. The present article is part of a complex experimental study which comprises bioecological research studies of Hypericum L. in flora of Azerbaijan.
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Bioecological features and reproduction of Carica papaya L. in closed conditions (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
The article for the first time at the Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS presents the introduction, reproduction, bioecological features, and dynamics of growth and development of the species Carica papaya L. in closed conditions. The seed and vegetative methods of propagation of the species Carica papaya L., which we consider promising, can be successfully applied in interior gardening, and the results of studies of the last 3 years on them have been studied. To achieve this goal, the following studies were carried out: the study of seed and vegetative methods of reproduction; the determination of the morphological features of seedlings obtained at the initial stage of development (ontogenesis), the study of biorhythms of development, the study of the dynamics of growth and development of the root system of annual plants.
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Статья научная
Bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are dangerous pests of forest and fruit trees both in the world and in Azerbaijan. Their activity results in partial or complete drying out, and a decrease in quantitative and qualitative indicators of the trees. These pests are even more dangerous during the years of mass reproduction. The bark beetles, which mainly infect old trees or trees weakened by biotic, abiotic, anthropogenic factors, attack young and healthy trees during mass reproduction. These pests, which pose a threat to forestry and horticulture, have not been studied in detail in Azerbaijan. The work was carried out by the author on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus of Azerbaijan (Balakan, Zagatala, Gakh, Sheki, Oguz, Gabala, Ismayilli, Shamakhi and Absheron) in 2013-2019 and 22 species of bark beetles were identified damaging to forest trees. The article provides information about the bioecological characteristics and economic importance of the oak bark beetle ( Scolytus intricatus (Ratzeburg, 1837)) and striped ambrosia beetle ( Trypodendron lineatum (A. G. Olivier, 1800)), which are widespread in the study area and cause serious damage to forest trees. T. lineatum is new to the fauna of Azerbaijan. As a result of the activity of these pests, industrially valuable trees, such as oak, chestnut, elm, beech, pine, fir are partially or completely destroyed by drying.
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Bioethanol to hydrogen membrane surface characteristics change study
Статья научная
The problem of the gradual transformation of the modern economy towards greater production and consumption of ‘green’ energy requires a significant revision of existing technologies. One of the possible ways to develop green energy is the use of hydrogen as the most environmentally friendly fuel. Hydrogen can be obtained both by electrolysis, using solar energy, and using biorenewable raw materials, which can be used as ethanol, biogas, peat, agricultural waste. At the same time, for regions with a low level of illumination, the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water using electricity generated by solar panels is inaccessible, and therefore the processing of biorenewable raw materials can take a leading position. Bioethanol is a large-capacity product with a proven production technology that widely uses waste from agriculture and wood processing. Ethanol can be used as a feedstock for hydrogen generation by means of catalytic pyrolysis or catalytic steam reforming. Membrane-catalytic steam reforming of ethanol with the production of hydrogen makes it possible to obtain hydrogen without the use of an additional purification step, however, the efficiency and stability of the membrane becomes the determining parameter that ensures the efficiency of the entire process. The degradation of inorganic membranes during catalytic steam reforming is closely related to the change in porosity as a result of hydrolysis of the membrane surface. In this connection, the study of the physicochemical properties of membranes during operation can make a significant contribution to the development of stable catalytic membranes for hydrogen production. The article presents the results of studying the physicochemical properties of an inorganic membrane for ethanol steam reforming by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The Langmuir, Brunauer-Emmett-Taylor, t-plot and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda models were used to estimate the surface change. An increase in the surface area of mesopores during the operation of the membrane was determined.
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Статья научная
In the years 2021-2023, as a result of the research conducted in Masalli district, located in the southern zone of Azerbaijan, it was found that the Moroccan locust gives one full generation in these areas. Hibernation takes place in the egg stage in the carp. Larvae emerge from the eggs in the second half of April. The results obtained during the research can be used when developing measures to combat this pest.
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Biological basis of high productivity of pomegranate plant
Статья научная
Punica granatum L. is propagated by seeds and cuttings. Propagation of the plant by cuttings is preferred. The main goal of our experiment is to monitor the process of biological development during the reproduction of pomegranate varieties with cuttings and to compare and reproduce the better developing pomegranate varieties. We conclude from the research that pomegranate grows in any soil. But a better developed root system, high productivity occurs in bushes grown in moist and fertile soils. Also, after transplanting young plants (one-year and two-year) to the open air, watering and cultivation of the plant should be done seriously. For this, more attention should be paid to soil plowing, weeding, and agrotechnical rules in the first 3 months.
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Статья научная
Although it is very difficult to study the biomorphological properties of plants according to their sensitivity to salt ions during introduction, the fact that species do not adapt to saline soils for a long time makes it necessary to conduct some experiments. The introduction of new trees and shrubs imported from abroad has become a priority in the Absheron Peninsula of the Republic of Azerbaijan, especially in the Khazar and Pirallahi regions. In this regard, chemical analyzes were carried out by analytical methods, the mechanism of action of salt ions (Cl-, SO42- and CO32-) in plants was studied, intoxication of toxic salt ions and bio indicative properties of individual ions were studied. During the study, 44 species of trees and shrubs sensitive to Cl-, SO42- and CO32- ions were selected and their salinization properties (weak, medium and high) were determined. It was found that the sensitivity of trees and shrubs to chlorine, sulfate and carbonate ions is significantly different, and the selectivity of plants to salt ions is correlated with bio indicative properties. The saline and re-salinized soils of the areas belong to the chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride and chloride-sulfate-carbonate types, in which high chlorine ion, medium carbonate ion and weak sulfate ions are found to cause intoxication. In saline soils, chlorine ions have been shown to form halo succulence in plants, and sulfate ions to have halo xerophytes, and trees’ species are less resistant to salt ions than shrub species.
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Статья научная
Geranium Tourn. ex L. is a flowering plant Genus belonging to the Geraniaceae Family. It is mainly grown as an ornamental plant in Azerbaijan. It was brought to Europe in the 17th century. Its propagation zone is South Africa. It is cultivated in many countries because it is a very valuable essential oil plant. Geranium is also successfully cultivated in Azerbaijan. Geranium essential oil is used in the perfume industry to make perfumes, soaps and face lotions. It is also used in the food industry to flavor beverages, as well as confectionery. It is also used in the preparation of medicines. Not only the leaves of the geranium plant, but also its roots, flowers and leaves are considered very good. The root of the plant contains phenols, various phenolic compounds in the upper green part, sucrose, starch and hemicellulose. The leaves and flowers are rich in phenolic carboxylic acids, vitamins, flavonoids, pigments, essential oils and carbohydrates.
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Статья научная
В работе рассмотрены основные особенности платежной системы Bitcoin, история и перспективы развития данной системы. Приведены сведения по использованию данной платежной системы в разных странах, а также выполнен краткий анализ позитивных и негативных сторон использования Bitcoin. Системы стимулирования развития операций с данной «валютой». Развитие информационных технологий способствует развитию системы быстрых платежей. Отношение к данному процессу неразрывно связано с уровнем развития и культуры и экономики стран. Приведенные положения являются самыми важными, но не единственными, которые делают систему ВТС противоречивой, неповторимой, притягательной и непредсказуемой. Идеи Bitcoin революционны, несут в себе возможность создания уникальной финансовой системы, при которой люди будут защищены от любых посягательств на их капитал.
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Статья научная
Agriculture has a great role in the development of the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Vegetable growing is one of the main sectors of agriculture and occupies an important place among crop production. Wild species growing around us are infected with many diseases, accumulate large amounts of infection in the soil and environment, the amount of inoculum is out of control, so some diseases cross borders, oceans, seas and enter new areas and expand their range. Such long-distance infections are caused by water, air flow, anthropogenic factors, and so on. With the spread of the infection and the resumption of growth and development, new diseases and other pests invade the area. The pathological process begins in the host plants, the pathogenesis associated with the development of various factors passes through certain stages in the development cycle and finally reaches a logical conclusion with the occurrence of the disease and its coverage. In the past, only pathogenic fungi were understood when they were not pathogens, but in the last 60–70 years, our perceptions have changed, with the development of biological science. As a result of the invention and development of electron microscopes, fungi and other microorganisms began to enter the ranks of pathogens.
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Blood parasitic diseases of domestic farm animals in the territory of the Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
Analysis of the epidemiological situation on protozoal blood parasitic diseases of domestic animals in the Nakhchivan. Veterinary reporting, literature sources and personal research. The article summarizes and analyzes data on the epizootic situation of protozoal blood parasitic diseases of animal in the Nakhchivan districts. It was shown that for a reliable assessment of the epizootic situation, it is necessary to combine the research work of scientists and the veterinary service in order to develop a monitoring system, taking into consideration the recommendations of the OIE (International Office of Epizootics).
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Blood-biochemical indicators of White Texas, pharaoh quails during temperature stress
Статья научная
In the development of poultry farming in Azerbaijan, there are big changes in the microclimate indicators in the building due to the rise in temperature in the summer months. The variability in the microclimate, in turn, affects the productivity of the birds and the blood-biochemical indicators. The research work was carried out on White Texas, Pharaoh meat-oriented quails in laboratory no. 23 of the Anatomy, Pathoanatomy and Pathophysiology department of the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University’s training and practice center for quail breeding. The experiment was carried out mainly in hot summer days depending on the air temperature, and during the experiment, the indicators formed in the homeostasis of the quails along with their productivity were clarified. In order to investigate the reasons preventing high yield from White Texas, Pharaoh quails during temperature stress, we aimed to study the factors affecting their homeostasis along with studying other factors. In the article, a change in the feed ration of quails was made in order to avoid the negative factors created in homeostasis caused by temperature stress which occurs frequently among quails in the summer months. It is better to keep full-grown quails in cages under the shed during the warm months. We reduced the amount of corn, wheat and barley used in the ration and replaced it with other non-traditional feeds determining the period in advance when temperature stress will increase. To prevent changes in homeostasis, acorn flour from non-traditional forages was used in the feed ration. This feed supplement-acorn flour was applied to each quail per a day in order to increase temperature tolerance during temperature stress.
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Статья научная
The article presents: a botanical description, information on the decorative appearance during cultivation, the preservation of a beautiful appearance in the winter months and the influence of the external environment on the growth and development of the species Cynara scolymus L. Extracts from the leaves, inflorescences, fruits of Cynara scolymus L. and the component composition were studied by gas-liquid chromatography on the Crystal 2000 M device. Cynara scolymus L. is a very useful plant, rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Thus, the presence of linol, citonellol, mirtenol, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene contributes to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension; nerol, neryl acetate and synarin, which are in the plant, neutralize toxins in the blood, promote the renewal of liver cells (with hepatitis, cirrhosis), and insulin regulates the normalization of blood sugar balance. This plant, which has a multifaceted significance, can be widely used in various sectors of the national economy (as a medicinal, vegetable, fodder, ornamental plant).
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Botanical-geographical characteristic of lichens and mosses of Korchay State Nature Reserve
Статья научная
The geographical analysis shows that the mosses flora of the Korchay State Nature Reserve was not genetically homogeneous but was composed of various geographical elements included in different botanical-geographic regions. The mosses flora as a whole is boreal - 39.5%, arid - 23.7%. Euryholarctic - 15.8% and mountain species - 10.5% play a certain role in the flora. The flora of lichenes has a nemoral-continental character as a whole. Boreal - 14.0%, euryholarctic - 10.7% and hypoarctomontane - 10.7% species also play a significant role in the flora.
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Branches activity prospects of economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Статья научная
The article analyzes the development trends and forecasts the prospects of the economic sectors, such as agriculture, construction, services and other sectors of the economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Also, based on the results of the forecast, the proposals for the development and effective use of investments in the sectors of the economy are set out.
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Brief Review of the Study of Central Asian Agriculture
Статья научная
The article examines archaeobotanical and agricultural research conducted in Central Asia. Based on this research, the author divided the study of irrigational and agricultural culture in Central Asia into three groups. These have been studied in groups such as the issue of irrigation facilities and irrigation systems, the issue of tools of labor, and the issue of farming and economics in the restoration of the agricultural past, and the essence of the issue has been clarified.
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Brief evolution of children's literature: from folklore to epic novels
Статья обзорная
The article examines the evolution of children’s literature as an independent part of literature. When did the children’s literature become a satisfying branch of literature and scholars find it distinct for being researched? An understanding of children’s literature is a central issue in the development of every sphere of our life: from home sittings to ELT classrooms. While teachers are all wound up with teaching young learners in ELT classrooms reading tales, stories and poems remain unnoticing part of education, overall, knowing what evolutionary way children’s literature passed through gives us an opportunity to develop ELT classrooms better and hence straighten out our young learners with correct motivation into literature.
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Brief overview of semantic description of spatial elements in Azerbaijani fairy tales
Статья научная
In fairy tales, space plays an important role and acts as a structural element of fairy tales, performing a certain function within the fairy tale. Therefore, it is impossible to imagine fairy tales without the elements of space. As it is mentioned in the article, the world of fairy tales consists of numerous transformations and changes of spatial elements. The article gives a brief overview of semantic description of the spatial elements in the Azerbaijan fairy tales on the bases of five volume book of the Azerbaijan fairy tales. The article also identifies the functions of the words describing spatial elements. It investigates the transformations of spatial elements in the fairy tales. It notes that the spatial elements make up the archaic world model and participate in the formation of fairy tales. The article searches the semantic structure of the fairy tales with exact examples from them.
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Статья научная
Несмотря на появление современных биомаркеров, инновационных методов обследования и лечения, проблемы сердечно-сосудистого риска в клинической медицине по-прежнему остаются достаточно актуальными. Широкое распространение факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска и высокая смертность от болезней органов кровообращения наблюдаются во всех странах мира, в том числе и Киргизской Республике. Цель исследования. Изучить клинико-функциональные значения СРБ и его взаимосвязь с факторами сердечно-сосудистого риска у пациентов с хроническими неинфекционными заболеваниями. Материал и методы. В одноцентровое открытое исследование было включено 290 человек с различными категориями сердечно-сосудистого риска, из них мужчин 150 (51,7%), женщин - 140 (48,3%). У всех участников были проанализированы параметры гемодинамики, показатели клинико-биохимических обследований. Экскреторная функция почек оценивалась по уровню сывороточного цистатина С. Скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) рассчитывалась по методике F. Hoek. Учитывались размер левого предсердие (ЛП), линейные размеры левого желудочка (ЛЖ) с оценкой структурной модификации миокарда. В зависимости от концентрации СРБ были сформированы две группы: 1А и 1Б. Результаты. У пациентов с высоким уровнем СРБ средний возраст, индекс массы тела, частота сердечных сокращений, число тромбоцитов, лейкоцитов, глюкоза, цистатин С крови были существенно выше, а средний уровень холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности и СКФ были достоверно ниже. Размер левого предсердия, конечный диастолический размер ЛЖ, величины толщины межжелудочковой перегородки и задней стенки ЛЖ, относительная толщина стенки ЛЖ, масса миокарда ЛЖ, индекс массы миокарда ЛЖ, отношение Е/А правого желудочка, DT (deceleration time) ЛЖ, DT (deceleration time) правого желудочка были значимо выше в группе лиц с высоким содержанием СРБ крови. У пациентов с нормальным (1А) и повышенным (1Б) уровнем СРБ в структуре изменений геометрии ЛЖ значимо чаще выявлялся эксцентрический вариант гипертрофии ЛЖ (74,9% и 66,0% соответственно). Концентрация СРБ крови была положительно связана с размером левого предсердия и толщиной стенок ЛЖ, отрицательно - со скоростью СКФ. Заключение. У лиц с высоким и очень высоким сердечно-сосудистым риском повышенные уровни СРБ ассоциируются с более выраженными факторами сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. В группе пациентов с высоким уровнем СРБ структурная модификация миокарда представлена значимо чаще эксцентрическим вариантом гипертрофии ЛЖ.
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C1Q нефропатия (клинический случай)
Статья научная
С1q нефропатия редкая, недостаточно хорошо изученная патология, характеризующаяся отложением С1q компонента комплемента и иммунных комплексов в мезангии. Постановка диагноза требует выполнения биопсии почки c исследованием иммунных комплексов. При световой микроскопии данная патология проявляется болезнью минимальных изменений (БМИ), фокально-сегментарным гломерулосклерозом (ФСГС) и пролиферативным гломерулонефритом. Клиническая картина разнообразна, колеблющаяся от бессимптомной гематурии или протеинурии до нефротического синдрома. Кортикостероиды являются основой лечения, а иммуносупрессивные агенты зарезервированы для стероидорезистентных случаев. Наличие нефротического синдрома и ФСГС предсказывают неблагоприятные исходы в отличие от благоприятных исходов у пациентов с БМИ. В этой статье мы опишем клинический случай, гистопатологию, клиническую особенность C1q нефропатии.
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