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Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 6181
Basic aspects in the Kyrgyz-French relations development
Статья научная
France is a regional State in Europe. However, it is among the largest states capable of simultaneously influencing global geopolitical and geo-economic processes, the formation of a new architecture of international relations. France is the Permanent Representative of the United Nations Security Council and pays special attention to international issues. For many states and international organizations, France is the most favorable state for the development of partnerships. The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the Kyrgyz Republic is intended to ensure the integration of Kyrgyzstan into the European economy. In this regard, the integration of Kyrgyz legislation in all areas of activity defined by the partnership and cooperation agreement, in accordance with the international treaties of the Member States of the European Union, is of particular importance.
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Basic principles of the mechanism of ensuring social and economic security
Статья научная
The choice of the hierarchical principle of the structural organization of the mechanism of ensuring socio-economic security is consistent with the presentation of the role of its components in the regulation of financial and economic processes. Thus, in the performance of the functions of defence, the role of the components of the mechanism in the schemes of direct and current relations, information channels, management conclusions and administrative work is inevitable. Apart from this, the inter-element relations of the mechanism of ensuring social and economic security are mediated by financial and economic relations and, first of all, commodity-money, which is based on the coordination and specific subordination of financial and economic interests. This means that the process of ensuring social and economic security must not be strictly subordinate to the hierarchy of public administration, and be one of its intensive components, which plays a dual role. On the one hand, it has the ability to be needed as the 1st of the methods of implementation of the state financial and economic interests...
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Baysun in the political life of the Mangit dynasty
Статья научная
This article analyzes the naming of Baysun property in historical sources, the description of the ruler’s fortress in Baysun, and the existing properties in Baysun.
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Berberis aquifolium Pursh - новый вид для флоры Нахчыванской Автономной Республики Азербайджана
Статья научная
Проведены геоботанические, флористические, систематические, экологические исследования для изучения флоры и растительности Нахчыванской Автономной Республики Азербайджана. Целью исследования был поиск новых таксонов дикорастущей и культурной флоры. До наших исследований (1970 г.) во флоре Нахчывана сем. Berberidaceae было представлено всего 3 видами рода Berberis : B. integerrima Bunge, B. iberica Steven, B. vulgaris L. В течение многолетних исследований (1970-2023 гг.) нами выявлено еще 3 вида: Berberis heteropoda Schrenk, B. thunbergii f. atropurpurea и во время экспедиции 10.05.2023 г. найден вид Berberis aquifolium Pursh. Он интродуцирован как высокодекоративный кустарник. Таким образом, на основе литературных источников и результатов наших исследований установлено, что в Азербайджане распространено 14 дикорастущих и культивируемых видов (и две форма) барбариса. Во время исследований обращали внимание на условия местообитания нововыявленных таксонов, изучены их морфобиологические и биоэкологические особенности для дальнейшего рационального использования. Виды барбариса - ценные полезные растения. По результатам проведенных исследований рекомендуется создать плантации, имеющие промышленное значение для рационального, долголетнего использования, повышать продуктивность, охранять естественные заросли и их популяции.
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Biodiversity of ravine flora of the northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus
Статья научная
As a result of the study of the areas, the geographical features of the ravine flora were studied. The flora is grouped by geographical elements according to the existing scheme of geographical elements. Geographical analysis shows that pontic and nemoral geoelements are dominated by Eurasian, European, and ancient Mediterranean areas. Nemoral and pontic geoelements cover all areal types. Cosmopolitans dominate. It should be pointed out that as a result of human economic activity, the species composition in the ravines has decreased sharply. Ravines occupy an important place in the formation of the vegetation of the north-east of the Lesser Caucasus and play the role of soil protection and water protection. Systematic, biomorphological, ecological cenotic, geographical analysis shows that the ravine flora is similar to the zonal flora of the meadow steppe system, but at the same time has its own characteristics. It is heterogeneous in species composition. One of the peculiarities of the flora is the predominance of weeds, forest vegetation and migrants.
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Bioecological characteristic and uses of Spinacia tetrandra steven
Статья научная
The flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic can be considered as a source of vegetable raw materials rich in herbal, medicinal, technical and, in general, biologically active substances. From this point of view, it is very important to study the modern state of wild vegetable plants in Nakhchivan MR biodiversity, to search for new opportunities and traditional ways of their use. In the article, biomorphological features and directions of use of Spinacia tetrandra , were investigated. Plant specimens are found in saline areas, sandy soils, roadsides and settlements. It spreads from plains to lower mountainous belts. Plant samples were collected from Gahab, Zeyneddin, Jamaldin etc. regions. It is usually used cooked. Spinach is used in the preparation of beetroot soup, soups and various vegetable dishes. Dried spinach is slightly inferior to meat in the amount of protein it contains. Spinach is used not only fresh, but also canned and frozen.
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Bioecological characteristics of species of the Hypericum L. genus in flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The Republic of Azerbaijan with a rich biodiversity occupies a special place in the Caucasus region. There are about 5000 higher plant species in the country (belonging to 1142 genera), which makes up 66% of the total number of plant species growing in the Caucasus. Among the widespread plant species in this rich nature, the Hypericum genus which belongs to the Hypericaceae family takes special place. Although the vast majority of species belonging to the Hypericaceae family are perennial, annual grass, shrub (47%), among them are semi-shrubs and, in rare cases, low trees ( H. bequaertii De Wild., H. revolutum Vahl, H. canariense L. (5%) and aquatic ( H. elodes L.) plants. Hypericum genus, which has about 500 species, 70 subspecies, 3 varieties and 11 hybrids in the world are represented by 19 species, 1 subspecies and 1 variety in the flora of Azerbaijan. The present article is part of a complex experimental study which comprises bioecological research studies of Hypericum L. in flora of Azerbaijan.
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Статья научная
Helminthological studies of sheep and goats were conducted in the northeastern territories of the Lesser Caucasus of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2013-2022. The northeastern areas of the Lesser Caucasus include Ganja and Goygeli, Dashkesan, Geranboy, Naftalan, Samukh, Shamkir, Tovuz, Agstafa, Gazakh and Kadabek districts, as well as the areas around the Kura and Jeyranchel rivers, which are wintering places of livestock farms. This process plays a special role in the formation of helminth fauna of animals, as small horned livestock farms in these areas lead a nomadic and sedentary lifestyle. As a result of helminthological research 52 species of helminths, including 43 species of nematodes were identified. Of these, 7 species are indicated for the study region for the first time. All detected nematode species were registered in sheep, while only 26 species were found in goats, which are common to the sheep helminth fauna. These helminth species can be considered as permanent elements of the helminthofaunistic complex of livestock production in the studied region. It was found that young sheep and goats are relatively heavily infested with helminths. Infestation is higher in late spring - early summer and early fall. For this purpose, 957 sheep and 619 goats were examined for nematode pathogens in different landscape-ecological zones of the region by the method of complete helminthological autopsy according to K. I. Skryabin. Some species of helminths are absent in the studied animals before driving them to summer pastures but are observed in them after their return to wintering. Animals become infected by ingesting larvae or mature helminth eggs on summer pastures.
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Bioecological features and reproduction of Carica papaya L. in closed conditions (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
The article for the first time at the Institute of Dendrology of Azerbaijan NAS presents the introduction, reproduction, bioecological features, and dynamics of growth and development of the species Carica papaya L. in closed conditions. The seed and vegetative methods of propagation of the species Carica papaya L., which we consider promising, can be successfully applied in interior gardening, and the results of studies of the last 3 years on them have been studied. To achieve this goal, the following studies were carried out: the study of seed and vegetative methods of reproduction; the determination of the morphological features of seedlings obtained at the initial stage of development (ontogenesis), the study of biorhythms of development, the study of the dynamics of growth and development of the root system of annual plants.
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Статья научная
Bark beetles (Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are dangerous pests of forest and fruit trees both in the world and in Azerbaijan. Their activity results in partial or complete drying out, and a decrease in quantitative and qualitative indicators of the trees. These pests are even more dangerous during the years of mass reproduction. The bark beetles, which mainly infect old trees or trees weakened by biotic, abiotic, anthropogenic factors, attack young and healthy trees during mass reproduction. These pests, which pose a threat to forestry and horticulture, have not been studied in detail in Azerbaijan. The work was carried out by the author on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus of Azerbaijan (Balakan, Zagatala, Gakh, Sheki, Oguz, Gabala, Ismayilli, Shamakhi and Absheron) in 2013-2019 and 22 species of bark beetles were identified damaging to forest trees. The article provides information about the bioecological characteristics and economic importance of the oak bark beetle ( Scolytus intricatus (Ratzeburg, 1837)) and striped ambrosia beetle ( Trypodendron lineatum (A. G. Olivier, 1800)), which are widespread in the study area and cause serious damage to forest trees. T. lineatum is new to the fauna of Azerbaijan. As a result of the activity of these pests, industrially valuable trees, such as oak, chestnut, elm, beech, pine, fir are partially or completely destroyed by drying.
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Bioethanol to hydrogen membrane surface characteristics change study
Статья научная
The problem of the gradual transformation of the modern economy towards greater production and consumption of ‘green’ energy requires a significant revision of existing technologies. One of the possible ways to develop green energy is the use of hydrogen as the most environmentally friendly fuel. Hydrogen can be obtained both by electrolysis, using solar energy, and using biorenewable raw materials, which can be used as ethanol, biogas, peat, agricultural waste. At the same time, for regions with a low level of illumination, the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water using electricity generated by solar panels is inaccessible, and therefore the processing of biorenewable raw materials can take a leading position. Bioethanol is a large-capacity product with a proven production technology that widely uses waste from agriculture and wood processing. Ethanol can be used as a feedstock for hydrogen generation by means of catalytic pyrolysis or catalytic steam reforming. Membrane-catalytic steam reforming of ethanol with the production of hydrogen makes it possible to obtain hydrogen without the use of an additional purification step, however, the efficiency and stability of the membrane becomes the determining parameter that ensures the efficiency of the entire process. The degradation of inorganic membranes during catalytic steam reforming is closely related to the change in porosity as a result of hydrolysis of the membrane surface. In this connection, the study of the physicochemical properties of membranes during operation can make a significant contribution to the development of stable catalytic membranes for hydrogen production. The article presents the results of studying the physicochemical properties of an inorganic membrane for ethanol steam reforming by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. The Langmuir, Brunauer-Emmett-Taylor, t-plot and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda models were used to estimate the surface change. An increase in the surface area of mesopores during the operation of the membrane was determined.
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Статья научная
In the years 2021-2023, as a result of the research conducted in Masalli district, located in the southern zone of Azerbaijan, it was found that the Moroccan locust gives one full generation in these areas. Hibernation takes place in the egg stage in the carp. Larvae emerge from the eggs in the second half of April. The results obtained during the research can be used when developing measures to combat this pest.
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Biological basis of high productivity of pomegranate plant
Статья научная
Punica granatum L. is propagated by seeds and cuttings. Propagation of the plant by cuttings is preferred. The main goal of our experiment is to monitor the process of biological development during the reproduction of pomegranate varieties with cuttings and to compare and reproduce the better developing pomegranate varieties. We conclude from the research that pomegranate grows in any soil. But a better developed root system, high productivity occurs in bushes grown in moist and fertile soils. Also, after transplanting young plants (one-year and two-year) to the open air, watering and cultivation of the plant should be done seriously. For this, more attention should be paid to soil plowing, weeding, and agrotechnical rules in the first 3 months.
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Статья научная
Although it is very difficult to study the biomorphological properties of plants according to their sensitivity to salt ions during introduction, the fact that species do not adapt to saline soils for a long time makes it necessary to conduct some experiments. The introduction of new trees and shrubs imported from abroad has become a priority in the Absheron Peninsula of the Republic of Azerbaijan, especially in the Khazar and Pirallahi regions. In this regard, chemical analyzes were carried out by analytical methods, the mechanism of action of salt ions (Cl-, SO42- and CO32-) in plants was studied, intoxication of toxic salt ions and bio indicative properties of individual ions were studied. During the study, 44 species of trees and shrubs sensitive to Cl-, SO42- and CO32- ions were selected and their salinization properties (weak, medium and high) were determined. It was found that the sensitivity of trees and shrubs to chlorine, sulfate and carbonate ions is significantly different, and the selectivity of plants to salt ions is correlated with bio indicative properties. The saline and re-salinized soils of the areas belong to the chloride-sulfate, sulfate-chloride and chloride-sulfate-carbonate types, in which high chlorine ion, medium carbonate ion and weak sulfate ions are found to cause intoxication. In saline soils, chlorine ions have been shown to form halo succulence in plants, and sulfate ions to have halo xerophytes, and trees’ species are less resistant to salt ions than shrub species.
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Статья научная
Geranium Tourn. ex L. is a flowering plant Genus belonging to the Geraniaceae Family. It is mainly grown as an ornamental plant in Azerbaijan. It was brought to Europe in the 17th century. Its propagation zone is South Africa. It is cultivated in many countries because it is a very valuable essential oil plant. Geranium is also successfully cultivated in Azerbaijan. Geranium essential oil is used in the perfume industry to make perfumes, soaps and face lotions. It is also used in the food industry to flavor beverages, as well as confectionery. It is also used in the preparation of medicines. Not only the leaves of the geranium plant, but also its roots, flowers and leaves are considered very good. The root of the plant contains phenols, various phenolic compounds in the upper green part, sucrose, starch and hemicellulose. The leaves and flowers are rich in phenolic carboxylic acids, vitamins, flavonoids, pigments, essential oils and carbohydrates.
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Статья научная
В работе рассмотрены основные особенности платежной системы Bitcoin, история и перспективы развития данной системы. Приведены сведения по использованию данной платежной системы в разных странах, а также выполнен краткий анализ позитивных и негативных сторон использования Bitcoin. Системы стимулирования развития операций с данной «валютой». Развитие информационных технологий способствует развитию системы быстрых платежей. Отношение к данному процессу неразрывно связано с уровнем развития и культуры и экономики стран. Приведенные положения являются самыми важными, но не единственными, которые делают систему ВТС противоречивой, неповторимой, притягательной и непредсказуемой. Идеи Bitcoin революционны, несут в себе возможность создания уникальной финансовой системы, при которой люди будут защищены от любых посягательств на их капитал.
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Статья научная
Agriculture has a great role in the development of the economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Vegetable growing is one of the main sectors of agriculture and occupies an important place among crop production. Wild species growing around us are infected with many diseases, accumulate large amounts of infection in the soil and environment, the amount of inoculum is out of control, so some diseases cross borders, oceans, seas and enter new areas and expand their range. Such long-distance infections are caused by water, air flow, anthropogenic factors, and so on. With the spread of the infection and the resumption of growth and development, new diseases and other pests invade the area. The pathological process begins in the host plants, the pathogenesis associated with the development of various factors passes through certain stages in the development cycle and finally reaches a logical conclusion with the occurrence of the disease and its coverage. In the past, only pathogenic fungi were understood when they were not pathogens, but in the last 60–70 years, our perceptions have changed, with the development of biological science. As a result of the invention and development of electron microscopes, fungi and other microorganisms began to enter the ranks of pathogens.
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Blood parasitic diseases of domestic farm animals in the territory of the Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
Analysis of the epidemiological situation on protozoal blood parasitic diseases of domestic animals in the Nakhchivan. Veterinary reporting, literature sources and personal research. The article summarizes and analyzes data on the epizootic situation of protozoal blood parasitic diseases of animal in the Nakhchivan districts. It was shown that for a reliable assessment of the epizootic situation, it is necessary to combine the research work of scientists and the veterinary service in order to develop a monitoring system, taking into consideration the recommendations of the OIE (International Office of Epizootics).
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Blood-biochemical indicators of White Texas, pharaoh quails during temperature stress
Статья научная
In the development of poultry farming in Azerbaijan, there are big changes in the microclimate indicators in the building due to the rise in temperature in the summer months. The variability in the microclimate, in turn, affects the productivity of the birds and the blood-biochemical indicators. The research work was carried out on White Texas, Pharaoh meat-oriented quails in laboratory no. 23 of the Anatomy, Pathoanatomy and Pathophysiology department of the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University’s training and practice center for quail breeding. The experiment was carried out mainly in hot summer days depending on the air temperature, and during the experiment, the indicators formed in the homeostasis of the quails along with their productivity were clarified. In order to investigate the reasons preventing high yield from White Texas, Pharaoh quails during temperature stress, we aimed to study the factors affecting their homeostasis along with studying other factors. In the article, a change in the feed ration of quails was made in order to avoid the negative factors created in homeostasis caused by temperature stress which occurs frequently among quails in the summer months. It is better to keep full-grown quails in cages under the shed during the warm months. We reduced the amount of corn, wheat and barley used in the ration and replaced it with other non-traditional feeds determining the period in advance when temperature stress will increase. To prevent changes in homeostasis, acorn flour from non-traditional forages was used in the feed ration. This feed supplement-acorn flour was applied to each quail per a day in order to increase temperature tolerance during temperature stress.
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Botanic-geographical analysis of mesothermic relicts of Turgai flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
From the middle of the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene period evergreen Poltava flora had been replaced by deciduous tree species of Turgai flora. The taxonomic composition of the relict trees and shrubs belonging to the Turgai flora in Azerbaijan and their botanical and geographical characteristics are analyzed in this article. In the article also analyzed the characteristics of the relict areal and the genetic varieties that stood the changes in the geological periods, while preserving its gene pool so far. In modern times, Turgai flora remaining relicts are more common in Hirkan (Azerbaijan), in Colchis (Georgia), and partially in the forests surrounding the Southern hills of the Greater Caucasus. Mesothermic plants of Turgai flora in Azerbaijan are found combining 17 families and 28 genera in 38 species of trees and shrubs.
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