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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 7297
Chromatic “zero signs” in the Soviet urban colour design
Статья научная
The research object is the tradition of сhromatic colours displacement from the urban environment. The main goal of the study is to analyse the role, that chromatic “zero signs” played in the environment of Soviet cities and towns, and to reveal their semantics. The findings and key principles of semiotics are used as the main theoretical and methodological research tool. Urban coloristics is seen as a language based on a system of interrelated oppositions, and the non-use of color in urban space is discussed in the context of the role of “zero signs” in sign systems outside the natural language. The author provides an analysis of the history of the development of urban colouristics and, on this basis, justifies the idea of importance for studying and understanding of “zero” colour as a semiotics object the “reflexive symmetry” principle and the usage of an ethnolinguistic strategic line of the analysis as well as a social and cultural one. The paper reveals the unique additional shades of meaning that the non-use of colour in urban coloristics acquired due to a special socio-cultural situation of the Soviet period. The social structure of Soviet urban society and its change under the influence of urbanization and rural migration are analyzed. We consider the value system of urban residents and analyze its relationship with the social division of urban space. The mechanisms supporting chromophobia in Soviet society are described. The specifics of Soviet urban spaces are discussed in comparison with the cities of the rest of Europe. Based on the analysis of architectural features of constructivism, neoclassicism, and Stalin empire style, different forms of “zero signs” in the space of Soviet cities and towns are identified and characterized.
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Cilioplankton communities as an indicator of the pollution degree in the Caspian Sea
Статья научная
During 2014-2021 years a study of the species diversity of planktonic ciliates of the Caspian coast of the Absheron Peninsula was conducted. As a result of research in planktonic communities of free-living ciliates, 62 species, belonging to 22 families were observed. Among the recorded families, Strombidiidae takes first place in terms of the number of species. The families Uronychiidae, Nassulidae, Epistylidae, and Zoothamniidae were represented by only one species. A correlation between similarity of the planktonic ciliates species diversity and the degree of organic pollution of coastal area marine water has been established. The results of the cluster analysis showed that the highest similarity of the species diversity (95.5%) was noted for two collection points on the northern coast of Absheron, near the settlements of Novkhani and Bilgah. This is due to the fact that the northern coast is less polluted by oil products and domestic sewage. Thus, according to the similarity of species diversity of planktonic communities of ciliates on the coast of the Absheron Peninsula, the two clusters are clearly distinguished. One unites the cleanest sites (Novkhani and Bilgah - 95.5%), and all the other 4 stationary points of the collection (Sumgait, Turkan, Shikh, Sangachal - more than 50%) are combined into the second cluster.
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Classification of threats to the socio-economic security of the country
Статья научная
Danger in General, and not only socio-economic, is considered such due to the fact that it creates a threat of destruction of the object or harms it. The danger of socio-economic security has the ability to be defined in the final form as some harm, an integral indicator of which characterizes the level of decline in socio-economic potential for a specific time. The danger is understood as an array of criteria, processes, moments that prevent the implementation of socio-economic needs and interests or form a threat to them and the subjects of economic activity.
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Climate change and the formation of social responsibility in culture
Статья научная
This article examines the relationship between climate change and the development of social responsibility within cultural contexts. It explores how environmental challenges have led to shifts in societal values and the redefinition of individual and collective responsibilities towards nature and future generations. By analyzing cultural narratives and practices, the study highlights the role of climate change in shaping modern ethics and social behaviors. Special attention is given to the interaction between ecological sustainability and cultural adaptation, revealing the importance of fostering environmental consciousness through cultural frameworks.
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Climate change impact on the Absheron peninsula vegetation
Статья научная
Climate change is one of the global problems of modern times, and the increase in the average annual temperature in our country over the past 100 years to 0.4-1.3 °C has affected the structure and function of cultural ecosystems in the Absheron Peninsula. In order to study the impact of climate change on the peninsula, dendrochronological and dendroclimatological studies were conducted, forest assessments were analyzed. The study found that the increase in carbon dioxide in forests due to climate change in the Greater and Lesser Caucasus has affected the growth dynamics, phenology, growth, root system and productivity of plants. The increase in CO2 in the Greater Caucasus is due to the endemic, rare, endangered tree plants of Azerbaijan Quercus castaneifolia C. A. Mey., Parrotia persica (DC.) C. A. Mey., Carpinus betulus L., Pinus eldarica Medw. , and others. manifests itself more in species. As a result of warming observed in forests in the northern regions of the Greater Caucasus, an increase in the annual ring remnants of young trees was observed in 2010-2020 compared to 1850. Rapid growth of plants was observed in the early stages of plant growth in areas where the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere increased. At the same time, it should be noted that the excessive increase in CO2 in forests caused drought stress in July and August. Although climate change has affected the physiology and growth of trees in the study, increasing ozone in the area balances it by resisting the positive effects of CO2.
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Climatic conditions in mountains through the lens of indefinite pronouns: a linguo-cultural approach
Статья научная
This article explores the use of indefinite pronouns in the context of describing climatic conditions in mountainous regions, utilizing a linguo-cultural approach. By comparing English and Kyrgyz languages, the study examines how indefinite pronouns function semantically and pragmatically in narratives and descriptions of mountain climates. The research highlights how these pronouns reflect cultural perceptions and attitudes towards nature and the environment. The findings demonstrate that indefinite pronouns are not merely grammatical tools but are deeply embedded in the cultural narratives that shape the understanding of mountain climates. This study contributes to the broader field of linguistics by revealing the interconnectedness of language, culture, and environmental perception.
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Статья научная
This article explores the influence of mountainous climates on the concept of "eye" (eye/көз) in English and Kyrgyz linguistic traditions. By analyzing linguistic data, including idioms, metaphors, and cultural expressions, the study examines how the unique environmental conditions of mountainous regions shape perceptions and representations of the "eye" in both languages. The research highlights how the harsh and variable climate of mountains impacts cultural attitudes towards vision, perception, and observation, reflected in the language and symbolism associated with the eye. Through a comparative analysis, the article reveals both shared and distinct elements in the use of the eye metaphor, demonstrating the deep connection between language, environment, and cultural worldview in English and Kyrgyz mountain communities.
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Clinical acute bulbar syndrome in a 6-month-old child with cortical brain dysplasia
Статья научная
The article presents a rare clinical case of Autoimmune brain stem encephalitis of unknown etiology in a 6-month-old girl. The manifestation of the disease began with a subacute growing bulbar syndrome, however, in the clinical picture noted hemiparesis, which was not typical for the brain stem lesions. In the series of examinations, we revealed a concomitant congenital pathology of the cerebral cortex, which was the cause of child hemiparesis. The clinical case shows the importance of differential diagnosis in limited conditions and medical alertness for the correct diagnosis and further treatment.
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Clinical and epidemiological assessment of anthrax
Статья научная
The article presents the results of epidemiological, clinical analysis of the registered incidence of anthrax for the period from 2015 to 2020 in Osh, Jalal-Abad region of the Kyrgyz Republic. There is a pronounced tendency to increase the incidence of anthrax with a wide spread in disadvantaged inpatient facilities.
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Статья научная
It is now known that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can infect cells in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the liver. Liver dysfunction is found in 14-53% of patients with COVID-19. Scientists have found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can directly infect liver cells and cells lining the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts (cholangiocytes), since they contain, although in low concentrations, a special enzyme ACE-2, which serves as an entry point into cells of some coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. The next stage in the development of pathology is inflammation and the formation of blood clots. With a violent reaction of the immune system, an excessive release of cytokines occurs, which aggravates the condition and, in some cases, leads to reactive hepatitis.
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Clinical characteristics of students in auxiliary schools (oligophrenia)
Статья научная
This article discusses the clinical characteristics of students in auxiliary schools-children diagnosed with oligophrenia. A particularly characteristic sign of oligophrenia is a disturbance in the mobility of nervous processes. Specifically, this leads to the formed neural connections becoming inert and the formation of new connections becoming difficult. In children with oligophrenia, the strength of nervous processes is generally reduced, especially active internal inhibition. The primary pedagogical task in relation to this group of children is organizing and managing their attention. Observations of such children show that, in the process of learning, and with an appropriate pedagogical approach, they can develop complex forms of cortical inhibition.
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Co-infection of hepatitis a and herpes simplex virus: a case report
Статья научная
Hepatitis A is a self-limiting disease where fulminant hepatitis and death occur in a small proportion of patients. Fulminant hepatic failure is more common in patients with underlying liver diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B and C, co-infection with more than one genotype of hepatitis A at the same time, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or alcoholic steatohepatitis, in advanced age and with dependence on intravenous drugs. We present a case of infection of hepatitis A and herpes simplex virus that lead to acute liver failure. In this rare case, the importance of attention to the first manifestations of the disease in diagnosing severe cases of hepatitis A in adults is emphasized. At the same time, HSV hepatitis can also be the cause of fulminant hepatic insufficiency. Therefore, patients with severe hepatitis A need an early examination for HSV infection, and empirical treatment with acyclovir should begin at early stage.
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Cognitive approach to the classification of phraseological units with the component “water”
Статья научная
Phraseology has been at the focus of attention in different fields of linguistics because of its important role in verbalization of a particular nation’s mentality and cultural values. According to cognitive linguistics, phraseological units verbalize on language level cognitive models produced in our minds by comparing one phenomenon to another. This article is aimed to analyze phraseological units with the component of “water” in English language according to a cognitive parameter and to group them in accordance with the metaphorical meanings they denote.
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Cognitive-pragmatic analysis of inductive modality and means of its expression in a language
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Modality is a multidimensional category that has different ways of expression and functioning in language. Within the framework of the communicative-pragmatic approach, modality is considered in inextricable connection with the utterance, the speech act and the communicative situation as a whole. The article is devoted to the study of the category of incentive modality. The definition of the category of modality is given and defines the main means of expressing modality.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the pragmatic and cognitive stylistic analysis of semantic deviations in the short story “Fault Lines” written by Barbara Kingsolver. It goes without saying that in literary works a language tends to have immense meaning since the author has unlimited freedom to communicate his/her ideas in his literary works. This allows a writer to make full use of his creativity to convey his/her message towards the readers by applying his individual style. Semantic deviation is one of the linguistic deviations which is implemented when a combination of incompatible and illogical words violates literary norms of a language in an attempt to evoke a reader’s surprise, grab a reader’s attention, exert emotional effect and bring aesthetic beauty to a literary text. On top of that, very few investigations have been carried out to research cognitive-stylistic characteristics along with pragmatic characteristics of semantic deviations as key mechanisms of foregrounding and thus this can be an attempt to fill this gap. The language in use will be analyzed in an attempt to study “the meaning of language in relation to a context and of use and users”. Therefore, it becomes apparent that cognitive aspects and pragmatic aspects go hand in hand and in order to conduct effective research both aspects have to be and will be taken into account.
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Combining digital stories with the internet
Статья научная
The Internet has the potential to enhance writing and literacy skills while offering a uniquely stylized form of expression. They are an excellent way to use educational technology and storytelling inside the classroom and beyond school walls. Producing digital stories give opportunities to self-expression encouraging creativity. They are both individualistic and collaborative because reading and writing can be used in a variety of academic contexts.
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Communicative Approach in Teaching Foreign Languages
Статья научная
The Communitive Approach in language teaching starts from а theory of language as communication. The goal of language teaching is to develop communicative competence. Another linguistic theory of communication favored in CLT is functional account of language use. Linguistic is concerned with the description of speech acts of texts, since only through study of language in use are all the functions of language and therefore all components of meaning brought into focus. The goal of language teaching is to develop what referred to as “communicative competence”. This term is coined in order to contrast а communicative view of language and theory of competence. Linguistic theory is concerned primarily with an ideal speaker-listener in а completely homogeneous speech community, who knows its language perfectly and is unaffected by such grammatically irrelevant conditions as memory limitation, distribution, shifts of attention and interest, and errors (random or characteristic) in applying his knowledge of the language in actual performance.
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Communicative language teaching
Статья научная
The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to communicative language teaching (CLT) and to describe methodological principles that facilitate the language learning process. CLT furthermore takes a pragmatic or performance-based approach to learning. Its goal is to promote the development of real-life language skills by engaging the learner in contextualized, meaningful, and communicative-oriented learning tasks. CLT methodologies embrace an eclectic approach to teaching, which means they borrow teaching practices from a wide array of methods that have been found effective and that are in accordance with principles of learning as suggested by research findings in research in SLA and cognitive psychology. Its open-ended or principle-based approach allows for a great deal of flexibility, which makes it adaptable to many individual programmatic and learner needs and goals.
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Comparable features in the works of Ibn Battuta and other contemporary travelers
Статья научная
The famous Moroccan Arabic traveler Ibn Battuta made a remarkable contribution to both eastern and western literature. His work Tukhfat an-nuzzor fi garoib al-amsor va ajoib al-afsor (Travelogue) is highly regarded as a valuable source which gives unique information about the culture and traditions, lifestyle of medieval cities and countries. This article analyses the extensive comparison between travels of Ibn Battuta and other outstanding travelers such as a Venetian traveler Marco Polo and a Russian traveler Afanasy Nikitin. Furthermore, it investigates the common situations which can be encountered in each traveler’s journey.
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Comparative Analysis of Rural and Urban English Language Education
Статья научная
This paper explores the differences in English language education between rural and urban schools, focusing on the factors influencing learning outcomes. The study examines access to qualified teachers, teaching materials, technological resources, and student motivation. Trends and new directions in English language education are discussed, alongside a comparative analysis of proficiency levels in rural and urban settings. The research employs qualitative and quantitative methods to assess disparities and suggest improvements for equitable language education.
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