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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 8014
Botanic-geographical analysis of mesothermic relicts of Turgai flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
From the middle of the Oligocene epoch of the Paleogene period evergreen Poltava flora had been replaced by deciduous tree species of Turgai flora. The taxonomic composition of the relict trees and shrubs belonging to the Turgai flora in Azerbaijan and their botanical and geographical characteristics are analyzed in this article. In the article also analyzed the characteristics of the relict areal and the genetic varieties that stood the changes in the geological periods, while preserving its gene pool so far. In modern times, Turgai flora remaining relicts are more common in Hirkan (Azerbaijan), in Colchis (Georgia), and partially in the forests surrounding the Southern hills of the Greater Caucasus. Mesothermic plants of Turgai flora in Azerbaijan are found combining 17 families and 28 genera in 38 species of trees and shrubs.
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Статья научная
The presented article provides information on the botanical and bioecological characteristics of some species belonging to the Cyperaceae Juss., nom. cons. family, spreading in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic territory. The studies were carried out based on generally accepted geobotanical methods from September 2024 and had a precise route and semi-stationary character. Floristic and methodological expeditions were carried out in the ecological areas of the Araz-river banks, as well as in the high and middle mountainous areas of the Sadarak, Sharur, Kangarli, Shahbuz, Julfa and Ordabad administrative districts of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, where the species of the family are widespread. The systematic composition of the family is given. The systematic composition of the family and description of the most common species are provided.
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Статья научная
The article presents: a botanical description, information on the decorative appearance during cultivation, the preservation of a beautiful appearance in the winter months and the influence of the external environment on the growth and development of the species Cynara scolymus L. Extracts from the leaves, inflorescences, fruits of Cynara scolymus L. and the component composition were studied by gas-liquid chromatography on the Crystal 2000 M device. Cynara scolymus L. is a very useful plant, rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Thus, the presence of linol, citonellol, mirtenol, geranyl acetate, caryophyllene contributes to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension; nerol, neryl acetate and synarin, which are in the plant, neutralize toxins in the blood, promote the renewal of liver cells (with hepatitis, cirrhosis), and insulin regulates the normalization of blood sugar balance. This plant, which has a multifaceted significance, can be widely used in various sectors of the national economy (as a medicinal, vegetable, fodder, ornamental plant).
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Botanical-geographical characteristic of lichens and mosses of Korchay State Nature Reserve
Статья научная
The geographical analysis shows that the mosses flora of the Korchay State Nature Reserve was not genetically homogeneous but was composed of various geographical elements included in different botanical-geographic regions. The mosses flora as a whole is boreal - 39.5%, arid - 23.7%. Euryholarctic - 15.8% and mountain species - 10.5% play a certain role in the flora. The flora of lichenes has a nemoral-continental character as a whole. Boreal - 14.0%, euryholarctic - 10.7% and hypoarctomontane - 10.7% species also play a significant role in the flora.
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Branches activity prospects of economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan
Статья научная
The article analyzes the development trends and forecasts the prospects of the economic sectors, such as agriculture, construction, services and other sectors of the economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Also, based on the results of the forecast, the proposals for the development and effective use of investments in the sectors of the economy are set out.
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Brief Review of the Study of Central Asian Agriculture
Статья научная
The article examines archaeobotanical and agricultural research conducted in Central Asia. Based on this research, the author divided the study of irrigational and agricultural culture in Central Asia into three groups. These have been studied in groups such as the issue of irrigation facilities and irrigation systems, the issue of tools of labor, and the issue of farming and economics in the restoration of the agricultural past, and the essence of the issue has been clarified.
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Brief evolution of children's literature: from folklore to epic novels
Статья обзорная
The article examines the evolution of children’s literature as an independent part of literature. When did the children’s literature become a satisfying branch of literature and scholars find it distinct for being researched? An understanding of children’s literature is a central issue in the development of every sphere of our life: from home sittings to ELT classrooms. While teachers are all wound up with teaching young learners in ELT classrooms reading tales, stories and poems remain unnoticing part of education, overall, knowing what evolutionary way children’s literature passed through gives us an opportunity to develop ELT classrooms better and hence straighten out our young learners with correct motivation into literature.
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Brief overview of semantic description of spatial elements in Azerbaijani fairy tales
Статья научная
In fairy tales, space plays an important role and acts as a structural element of fairy tales, performing a certain function within the fairy tale. Therefore, it is impossible to imagine fairy tales without the elements of space. As it is mentioned in the article, the world of fairy tales consists of numerous transformations and changes of spatial elements. The article gives a brief overview of semantic description of the spatial elements in the Azerbaijan fairy tales on the bases of five volume book of the Azerbaijan fairy tales. The article also identifies the functions of the words describing spatial elements. It investigates the transformations of spatial elements in the fairy tales. It notes that the spatial elements make up the archaic world model and participate in the formation of fairy tales. The article searches the semantic structure of the fairy tales with exact examples from them.
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Business Diversification Strategies as a Tool for Enhancing Competitiveness in Times of Crisis
Статья научная
The main approaches to diversification are considered, including horizontal, vertical and conglomerate strategies, and their impact on financial stability and market sustainability. Successful cases of diversification in various industries are analyzed, with risk management, investment allocation and adaptability considered as critical factors for sustainable growth. The results highlight that a well-planned diversification strategy can mitigate economic risks, open up new sources of income and strengthen a company’s market position in unstable conditions.
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Статья научная
Несмотря на появление современных биомаркеров, инновационных методов обследования и лечения, проблемы сердечно-сосудистого риска в клинической медицине по-прежнему остаются достаточно актуальными. Широкое распространение факторов сердечно-сосудистого риска и высокая смертность от болезней органов кровообращения наблюдаются во всех странах мира, в том числе и Киргизской Республике. Цель исследования. Изучить клинико-функциональные значения СРБ и его взаимосвязь с факторами сердечно-сосудистого риска у пациентов с хроническими неинфекционными заболеваниями. Материал и методы. В одноцентровое открытое исследование было включено 290 человек с различными категориями сердечно-сосудистого риска, из них мужчин 150 (51,7%), женщин - 140 (48,3%). У всех участников были проанализированы параметры гемодинамики, показатели клинико-биохимических обследований. Экскреторная функция почек оценивалась по уровню сывороточного цистатина С. Скорость клубочковой фильтрации (СКФ) рассчитывалась по методике F. Hoek. Учитывались размер левого предсердие (ЛП), линейные размеры левого желудочка (ЛЖ) с оценкой структурной модификации миокарда. В зависимости от концентрации СРБ были сформированы две группы: 1А и 1Б. Результаты. У пациентов с высоким уровнем СРБ средний возраст, индекс массы тела, частота сердечных сокращений, число тромбоцитов, лейкоцитов, глюкоза, цистатин С крови были существенно выше, а средний уровень холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности и СКФ были достоверно ниже. Размер левого предсердия, конечный диастолический размер ЛЖ, величины толщины межжелудочковой перегородки и задней стенки ЛЖ, относительная толщина стенки ЛЖ, масса миокарда ЛЖ, индекс массы миокарда ЛЖ, отношение Е/А правого желудочка, DT (deceleration time) ЛЖ, DT (deceleration time) правого желудочка были значимо выше в группе лиц с высоким содержанием СРБ крови. У пациентов с нормальным (1А) и повышенным (1Б) уровнем СРБ в структуре изменений геометрии ЛЖ значимо чаще выявлялся эксцентрический вариант гипертрофии ЛЖ (74,9% и 66,0% соответственно). Концентрация СРБ крови была положительно связана с размером левого предсердия и толщиной стенок ЛЖ, отрицательно - со скоростью СКФ. Заключение. У лиц с высоким и очень высоким сердечно-сосудистым риском повышенные уровни СРБ ассоциируются с более выраженными факторами сердечно-сосудистых осложнений. В группе пациентов с высоким уровнем СРБ структурная модификация миокарда представлена значимо чаще эксцентрическим вариантом гипертрофии ЛЖ.
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C1Q нефропатия (клинический случай)
Статья научная
С1q нефропатия редкая, недостаточно хорошо изученная патология, характеризующаяся отложением С1q компонента комплемента и иммунных комплексов в мезангии. Постановка диагноза требует выполнения биопсии почки c исследованием иммунных комплексов. При световой микроскопии данная патология проявляется болезнью минимальных изменений (БМИ), фокально-сегментарным гломерулосклерозом (ФСГС) и пролиферативным гломерулонефритом. Клиническая картина разнообразна, колеблющаяся от бессимптомной гематурии или протеинурии до нефротического синдрома. Кортикостероиды являются основой лечения, а иммуносупрессивные агенты зарезервированы для стероидорезистентных случаев. Наличие нефротического синдрома и ФСГС предсказывают неблагоприятные исходы в отличие от благоприятных исходов у пациентов с БМИ. В этой статье мы опишем клинический случай, гистопатологию, клиническую особенность C1q нефропатии.
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CAR T-клеточная терапия как современный метод лечения онкологических заболеваний
Статья обзорная
Ежегодный рост случаев онкологических заболеваний диктует необходимость поиска и разработки новых методов диагностики и терапии онкозаболеваний. В статье представлены результаты анализа современных литературных источников, посвященных CAR T-клеточной терапии, ставшей прорывным направлением в лечении ряда гематологических опухолей. В основе CAR T-клеточной терапии лежит создание пула опухоль-специфичных цитотоксических лимфоцитов путем внесения ex vivo трансгена, кодирующего химерный антигенный рецептор. В статье изложены основные принципы, возможные осложнения, преимущества и недостатки CAR T-клеточной терапии.
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CRM-системы как инструмент повышения эффективности бизнеса
Статья научная
В настоящее время для результативного ведения бизнеса, повышения конкурентоспособности компании, необходимо постоянно повышать эффективность управленческой деятельности, отслеживать и анализировать все бизнес-процессы. Применение специализированного программного обеспечения CRM позволит компаниям повысить эффективность управления взаимоотношениями с клиентами, а также оперативно решать текущие задачи.
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Calculation method of fastening the upper slope of the land bund for erosion and strength
Статья научная
To protect the slopes of the ground dam from the devastating effects of wind waves, ice, water flow, precipitation and other factors, a number of engineering measures are provided. Based on this, an engineering decision is taken on the choice of materials for fastening structures, as well as methods for calculating their stability. When calculating the stability of the upper slope, two cases of a combination of loads and impacts are mainly considered. One of them is the reduction of the water level in the reservoir with maximum speed, and the other is the case when the water level in the reservoir is at the lowest operational level. The article investigates the processes of sliding of natural slopes of the upstream dam. Taking into account the combined action of the forces of filtering, weighing and vapor pressure, as well as the force of hydrostatic pressure to the level of dead volume. The equation for the stability coefficient of a circular-cylindrical slip of a uniform natural slope of the upstream dam has been obtained.
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Статья научная
In the presented article, the phenomenon of multiparasitism in the rock agama ( Paralaudakia caucasia Eichw., 1831) by the malarial species Plasmodium caucasica Telford, 2013, larvae of tissue nematodes from the Onchocercidae and Spirocercidae families were studied. The host-parasite relationships in animals infected by the aforementioned blood and tissue parasites, as well as the influence of these parasites on their hosts, were investigated. From 1996 to 2005, agamid lizards were captured in the semi-desert territories of Eastern Azerbaijan. Fifteen years later, the blood smears of these lizards were re-examined in light of the new findings. In one mature male rock agama, joint parasitism by plasmodia and larvae of tissue nematodes was recorded. Spirocerca lupi (Rud., 1819) (Nematoda: Spirurida) is endemic in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The canine predators may be secondary hosts for these parasitic nematodes. In general, S. lupi has a complex life cycle with both intermediate and paratenic hosts. Meanwhile, S. lupi has an enigmatic peculiarity: infection of canids from intermediate hosts is extremely limited. Probably, coprophagous beetles are the intermediate hosts, ingesting eggs that are contaminated with larvae. The male rock agama, infected by the parasites mentioned above, was very exhausted and soon died. Probably, tissue nematodes have a generalized effect on the paratenic host. The presence of a parasite in the chest of an infected animal, similar in morphology to free-living flatworms, was exciting. The second parasite found in the rock agama is the hemosporidian species P. caucasica . The area inhabited by this parasite spans a large territory from the Caucasus to Pakistan. P. caucasica is a common parasite in rock agamas and can significantly weaken them in case of mass or joint infection with various invasive agents. We described the pathogenic effect of S. lupi larvae, characterized by a general weakening leading to mortality, as well as an increase in the intensity of infection of blood cells by plasmodia compared to lizards infected only with P. caucasica . A conclusion about the interaction between parasites and hosts in rock agamas can be drawn only after a comprehensive study.
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Catalytic properties study of mixed MFI-mord type zeolite in bioethanol transformation
Статья научная
The decrease in stocks of traditional fossil fuels contributes to the widespread growth of interest in renewable sources of raw materials and energy. Bioethanol can become a serious alternative to traditional types of fossil raw materials and fuels due to the possibility of its widespread production from agricultural waste and wood processing. Bioethanol can be used directly as a fuel, or after transformation into hydrocarbons. The transformation of bioethanol into hydrocarbons is carried out using zeolites and zeotypes of various types, while the main problem encountered for these systems is deactivation during the catalytic transformation. In this case, one of the possible solutions to this problem is the regulation of the acidic and diffusion properties of the catalytic surface of zeolites. Changing the acidic properties can contribute to a significant increase in the stability and activity of zeolites. In this case, the variation of acidic properties is possible by combining different types of zeolites. The article presents the results of a study of a mixed zeolite of the MFI type and mordenite in the reaction of the transformation of ethanol into hydrocarbons. Zeolite synthesis was carried out by a sequential method using zeolite seed grains for the synthesis of MFI structures and n-butylamine for the synthesis of a mordenite layer. The synthesized sample was tested on a flow-type setup with a tubular reactor. The effect of temperature, specific ethanol feed rate, and total pressure in the system was investigated. An increase in the reaction temperature from 350℃ to 370℃ contributed to an increase in the rate of accumulation of liquid hydrocarbons from 0.52 to 0.64 g(HC)/(g(Cat)*h), while a further increase in temperature to 430℃ contributed to a decrease in the rate of formation of liquid hydrocarbons to 0.32 g(HC)/(g(Cat)*h). An increase in the specific feed rate of ethanol from 0.5 to 2 g(EtOH)/(g(Cat)*h) contributes to a decrease in the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. An increase in the total pressure in the system from 1 atm to 15 atm promotes an increase in the rate of accumulation of liquid hydrocarbons from 0.34 to 0.83 g(HC)/(g(Cat)*h).
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Статья научная
The paper presents a quantitative and qualitative study of mineral cations in the grape juice obtained as a result of the European processing of the Jvarisula red grape variety’s raw materials, resulting from the inter-varietal crossing of grapes.
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Статья научная
The article talks about the causes of infection of birds with colibacillosis and pasteurellosis in farm enterprises and private farms, about research work carried out in recent years at poultry farms, about the influence of opportunistic microbes on the activities of farms. The difference in infection of domestic chickens with colibacillosis and pasteurellosis for each age group was identified by us during the examinations. So, in 30-day-old chickens, infection with colibacillosis 24.4%, pasteurellosis 31.1%, in 45-day-old colibacillosis 33.3%, pasteurellosis 37.7%, in 60-day-old colibacillosis 20.0%, pasteurellosis 26.6% was detected.
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Causes, signs, prevention of thalassemia (genetic anemia)
Статья научная
The medical field has revealed many gene diseases to date. One of these diseases is Thalassemia. This scourge was found about 7 thousand years ago.It was discovered for the first time in the countries of the Mediterranean basin.The word thalassemia is derived from the Greek and means Mediterranean anemia. Thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary blood diseases among different genetic diseases and is inherited by both mother and father. Due to the lack of hemoglobin in the body, the function of erythrocytes is impaired.In this case ,erythrocytes are not disc-shaped, but sickle-shaped. Mutations in our genes produce a protein deficiency in the synthesis of hemoglobin, which leads to the occurrence of thalassemia. This protein contained in erythrocytes gives the blood a red color.Hemoglobin originates in the bone marrow, consists of heme and a globilin (protein) chain.. The iron contained in heme has the ability to combine and separate oxygen into itself. Globulin is composed of 2 alpha, 2 betta,delta or gamma chains. The cause of the occurrence of thalassemia is the absence or partial presence of one of the chains as a result of mutation. In thalassemia, if the synthesis of the “α” chain of hemoglobin is disrupted, it is called “α” thalassemia, and if the synthesis of the ”β” chain is disrupted, it is called “β” thalassemia.
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Cavitation generator development process at Russia and abroad
Статья научная
The energy situation in the world indication a rapid increase in the consumption of natural resources. The only way out of this situation is the development of alternative environmentally friendly technologies. The research and utilization of cavitation heat generators will help ease the energy crisis and reduce exhaust emissions from fuel combustion. Therefore, it is a potential research topic.
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