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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 8014
Статья научная
The article discusses the effects of different tillage methods, predecessors, and mineral fertilizers on the soil bulk density and soil moisture content of light-gray-brown soils at the rainfed condition. The results of the research conducted during the years 2014-2017 under cereal crops reveal that the soil bulk density and soil moisture content exhibit dynamic changes within the vegetation period, depending on the tillage method, the growth stages of the crops and other factor. Furthermore, there is differentiation in the moisture content and soil bulk density between the topsoil and the subsoil layer. During the research period moisture content varies depending on precipitation, crop growth stages, predecessors. Optimum moisture level is observed within periods of relatively higher precipitation and intensive growth stage of crops. Soil bulk density has varied within the range of 0.97-1.53 g/cm³. Favorable physical condition has been observed under the conventional and minimum tillage. Based on the research findings, the bulk density and moisture content of light-gray-brown arable soils can be assessed satisfactory through relevant quantitative indicators.
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Assessment of the optimal quality level of engineering products in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
Some aspects of determining of dynamics of the optimal technological level of quality level engineering products are considered. It is established that the optimal quality level is constantly changing due to the systematic increasing requirements of consumers and continuous improvement processes. The dynamics of the optimal technological level of production quality and nature of the change of various kinds of quality levels is defined. It is specified that the optimum quality level expresses the degree of compliance of product to the specific needs. It is approved that improvement of the quality is reasonable only at the optimum quality level of the product to be achieved under optimum performance.
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Assessment of the state of water and land resources in Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The results of the study, which show that up to 96% of the irrigated land is watered mainly with traditional methods of irrigation (furrows and fillings) by surface methods, and the rest up to 5%, while in irrigated fields it is watered with the use of progressive water-saving low-intensity Irrigation systems. Therefore, in the fields, the level of groundwater grows every day.
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Статья научная
Provides information on the bioecological characteristics and modern status of species belonging to the Sylvidae family distributed in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. It was found from the research that 11 species belonging to 4 genera of the Sylviade family are found in Nakhchivan, all of which come to this area to breed and migrate in the fall after breeding. One of the main issues raised during the research was the study of the modern status of the Sylvidae. As in the whole world, the negative effects of anthropogenic factors in Nakhchivan have worsened the feeding and nesting conditions of these birds, leading to a significant decrease in their number dynamics.
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Autecology of species belonging to the Falco family spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Статья научная
The article provides information on the autecology of species belonging to the Falco genus spreading in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. From the conducted research, it was found that 7 species of the genus Falconidae of the Falco family are found. Also, from the research it is clear that 2 species of birds belonging to the Falco genus are wintering, 1 species is migratory, 3 species are nesting, and 1 species is sedentary.
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Automatic processing of text in natural language
Статья научная
In this article, questions of artificial intelligence, in particular, automatic processing in natural language texts are considered. As well as types of wordform analysis are considered and an algorithm for finding the initial form of the word is proposed.
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Статья научная
В статье говорится об употреблении понятия avaritia «жадность» в сочинениях Цицерона. Целью исследования является системный анализ понятия на основе квантитативного метода. Имеется более 150 случаев употребления понятия avaritia и его производных (avarus, avare) у Цицерона. Чаще всего термин встречается в речах (около 100 раз), особенно в инвективах «Против Верреса» (55 раз), меньше всего - в переписке (6 раз). Для Цицерона жадность - один из самых серьезных пороков, подразумевающий преувеличенное мнение о деньгах. Наряду с отрицательными нравственными категориями (luxuria / luxuries, crudelitas, superbia и др.) и положительными (этическими понятиями стоической философии (honestum / honestas, virtus, officium, justitia, liberalitas, cogitatio, temperantia и др.) и исконно римскими этическими и политико-правовыми терминами (dignitas, jus, lex и др.), противопоставленными алчности) понятие avaritia образует ядро этико-философского и политического понятийного аппарата сочинений Цицерона.
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Статья научная
The possibility of preventing salmonellosis in chicken (pathogen agent - Salmonella enterica , serovar Enteritidis (SE)) by using specific yolk IgY was discussed in presented article. There has been raising the number of reports in the scientific periodicals about increased antibiotic resistance of Salmonella . SE is one of the most common Salmonella serovars worldwide that causes food poisoning in humans. At the same time, infected chicken eggs and meat serve as the main source of infection. For extraction of the IgY, 10 laying hens were used. All layers were hyperimmunized by a vaccine containing live attenuated strains of Salmonella enterica , ser. Enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum Pullorum. The control group with the same number of layers was not vaccinated. A feed additive for newly hatched chicken and solution with purified and isolated IgY were prepared from egg yolks of immunized and non-immunized birds. During oral administration as a feed additive in per os and intraperitoneal experimental infection by a lethal dose of SE the examination of the efficiency of the obtained product on six-day-old chickens were conducted. Thereby, conducted examinations have shown the high efficiency of the feed additive and preparation with purified immunoglobulins prepared from the yolks of eggs of immunized chicken in experimental infection with a lethal dose of Salmonella Enteritidis.
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Bases of economic efficiency of agricultural production
Краткое сообщение
The essence, criteria and system of indicators of economic efficiency of agricultural production in Uzbekistan are considered. The scientific views of scientists-economists on the definition of the category “efficiency” are given.
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Basic aspects in the Kyrgyz-French relations development
Статья научная
France is a regional State in Europe. However, it is among the largest states capable of simultaneously influencing global geopolitical and geo-economic processes, the formation of a new architecture of international relations. France is the Permanent Representative of the United Nations Security Council and pays special attention to international issues. For many states and international organizations, France is the most favorable state for the development of partnerships. The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Union and the Kyrgyz Republic is intended to ensure the integration of Kyrgyzstan into the European economy. In this regard, the integration of Kyrgyz legislation in all areas of activity defined by the partnership and cooperation agreement, in accordance with the international treaties of the Member States of the European Union, is of particular importance.
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Basic principles of the mechanism of ensuring social and economic security
Статья научная
The choice of the hierarchical principle of the structural organization of the mechanism of ensuring socio-economic security is consistent with the presentation of the role of its components in the regulation of financial and economic processes. Thus, in the performance of the functions of defence, the role of the components of the mechanism in the schemes of direct and current relations, information channels, management conclusions and administrative work is inevitable. Apart from this, the inter-element relations of the mechanism of ensuring social and economic security are mediated by financial and economic relations and, first of all, commodity-money, which is based on the coordination and specific subordination of financial and economic interests. This means that the process of ensuring social and economic security must not be strictly subordinate to the hierarchy of public administration, and be one of its intensive components, which plays a dual role. On the one hand, it has the ability to be needed as the 1st of the methods of implementation of the state financial and economic interests...
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Baysun in the political life of the Mangit dynasty
Статья научная
This article analyzes the naming of Baysun property in historical sources, the description of the ruler’s fortress in Baysun, and the existing properties in Baysun.
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Berberis aquifolium Pursh - новый вид для флоры Нахчыванской Автономной Республики Азербайджана
Статья научная
Проведены геоботанические, флористические, систематические, экологические исследования для изучения флоры и растительности Нахчыванской Автономной Республики Азербайджана. Целью исследования был поиск новых таксонов дикорастущей и культурной флоры. До наших исследований (1970 г.) во флоре Нахчывана сем. Berberidaceae было представлено всего 3 видами рода Berberis : B. integerrima Bunge, B. iberica Steven, B. vulgaris L. В течение многолетних исследований (1970-2023 гг.) нами выявлено еще 3 вида: Berberis heteropoda Schrenk, B. thunbergii f. atropurpurea и во время экспедиции 10.05.2023 г. найден вид Berberis aquifolium Pursh. Он интродуцирован как высокодекоративный кустарник. Таким образом, на основе литературных источников и результатов наших исследований установлено, что в Азербайджане распространено 14 дикорастущих и культивируемых видов (и две форма) барбариса. Во время исследований обращали внимание на условия местообитания нововыявленных таксонов, изучены их морфобиологические и биоэкологические особенности для дальнейшего рационального использования. Виды барбариса - ценные полезные растения. По результатам проведенных исследований рекомендуется создать плантации, имеющие промышленное значение для рационального, долголетнего использования, повышать продуктивность, охранять естественные заросли и их популяции.
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Big data analytics and ethical responsibility in the digital age
Статья научная
Big data analytics possesses the capability to process vast volumes of digital content and analyze societal sentiment trends in real time. Such analyses offer comprehensive insights and detailed models on how social awareness forms and evolves, particularly during periods of crisis. However, due to the immense, diverse, and complex nature of these datasets, traditional analytical methods often fall short, necessitating the ongoing development of novel interdisciplinary approaches and methodologies. At the same time, significant debates continue regarding the extent to which these datasets accurately represent the real world, given the existence of the digital divide and the ethical frameworks governing the collection and application of big data. This article explores the theoretical and methodological foundations of big data-driven research, the societal impacts arising from inequalities in data access, and the ethical issues that emerge during the collection and analysis of extensive datasets. The study consists primarily of secondary data obtained from existing literature, case studies, and the application of big data analytics in various research fields.
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Biochemical blood parameters in the treatment for dyspepsia
Статья научная
Many issues of newborn calves diseases etiology have not been fully studied and the practical experience of many veterinarians shows with proper diagnosis and treatment that it is possible to achieve a sharp reduction in the young animals mortality. With the birth of calves complex adaptation processes to new conditions occur. The next level of development depends on immunity development. Although a range of different drugs are used to treat dyspepsia in newborn calves, they are not always successful, and it depends on the complex of measures used. The aim of the conducted research is to study the state and dynamics of metabolism in the neonatal period with dyspepsia in newborn calves; to study the effectiveness of the probiotic, along with its impact on the clinical situation; to determine the effectiveness of the drug when used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. Probiotic Vetom-15.1 was used in different age groups. As a result, it was found that biochemical blood parameters improved significantly.
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Biodiversity and Ecology of Lake Binagadi (Azerbaijan)
Статья научная
The study conducted in 2024–2025 investigated the structure and interactions of ecosystem components in Binagadi Lake and its adjacent areas in Baku, Azerbaijan. The research focused on bird fauna, vegetation cover, and soil characteristics using field observations, geobotanical surveys, and soil analyses. A total of 37 bird species belonging to 11 orders were recorded, classified as sedentary, migratory, and wintering groups. Rare and protected species, including Aquila nipalensis, Buteo rufinus, Falco naumanni, Porphyrio porphyrio, and Ardea purpurea, indicate the lake’s ecological importance and its strategic role along regional migration routes. Geobotanical surveys identified 27 vascular plant species from 10 families and 22 genera, with 22 annuals and 5 perennials. Most plants are halophytes and xerophytes, reflecting adaptation to saline soils and arid climate. Soil studies showed gray-brown solonetzic soils with low humus content (0.82–1.11 %), high carbonates (~33 %), high clay content (53–70 %), and deep salinity (3.7 %). These soil conditions shape the vegetation toward stress-tolerant annual species, which provide feeding and nesting habitats for birds. Marshy zones support waterfowl, while predatory birds maintain trophic balance. Overall, the Binagadi Lake ecosystem is dynamic and functionally resilient but sensitive to anthropogenic pressures. Continuous monitoring, bioindicator species assessment, and conservation measures are essential to preserve biodiversity and reduce urbanization impacts.
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Biodiversity of ravine flora of the northeastern part of the Lesser Caucasus
Статья научная
As a result of the study of the areas, the geographical features of the ravine flora were studied. The flora is grouped by geographical elements according to the existing scheme of geographical elements. Geographical analysis shows that pontic and nemoral geoelements are dominated by Eurasian, European, and ancient Mediterranean areas. Nemoral and pontic geoelements cover all areal types. Cosmopolitans dominate. It should be pointed out that as a result of human economic activity, the species composition in the ravines has decreased sharply. Ravines occupy an important place in the formation of the vegetation of the north-east of the Lesser Caucasus and play the role of soil protection and water protection. Systematic, biomorphological, ecological cenotic, geographical analysis shows that the ravine flora is similar to the zonal flora of the meadow steppe system, but at the same time has its own characteristics. It is heterogeneous in species composition. One of the peculiarities of the flora is the predominance of weeds, forest vegetation and migrants.
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Статья научная
As a result of the research, it was found that the genus Salsola L., which was involved in the study in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, belongs to the family Chenopodiaceae Vent. The family has 100 genera and 1600 species distributed in the world. Of these, 101 species belonging to 33 genera are distributed in the flora of Azerbaijan. There are 30 genera and 76 species in the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. From the systematic review, it is known that there are 13 species of the genus Salsola L., which belongs to the family Chenopodiaceae Vent. in the autonomous republic. In this regard, the species composition, distribution patterns of species, origin and other specific features of the genus Salsola L. were investigated in the research work. A study was conducted on the soil types and altitudinal zones where the genus is distributed. Most of the species belonging to the genus Salsola L. are used in ornamental plants, medicine, and the chemical industry, as they have significant feed value, and none of the species are poisonous. The quality percentage of meat of cattle and small-horned animals fed with it increases.
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Статья научная
The article investigates the bioecological features of early-spring vegetation species belonging to the Asteraceae Dumort. family distributed within the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The research was conducted in 2025–2026 using the route-expedition method, covering different landscapes and altitudinal belts of the region. Based on field observations and the analysis of scientific literature, it was determined that the early-spring flora of the Asteraceae family in Nakhchivan AR includes 28 species belonging to 16 genera. The results showed that these species are mainly distributed in foothill, lower-mountain, and middle-mountain zones, and partly in semi-desert landscapes. According to life-form classification, the majority of the species are therophytes and hemicryptophytes. These plants develop rapidly during the early spring period when soil moisture is relatively high, complete flowering and seed formation within a short vegetation period, and thus adapt to the arid summer conditions of the region. The research made it possible to determine the bioecological characteristics of early-spring representatives of the Asteraceae family in the flora of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and to evaluate their distribution and ecological role. The obtained results are of scientific importance for a deeper understanding of the floristic composition of the region and for the conservation of its vegetation cover.
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Bioecological characteristic and uses of Spinacia tetrandra steven
Статья научная
The flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic can be considered as a source of vegetable raw materials rich in herbal, medicinal, technical and, in general, biologically active substances. From this point of view, it is very important to study the modern state of wild vegetable plants in Nakhchivan MR biodiversity, to search for new opportunities and traditional ways of their use. In the article, biomorphological features and directions of use of Spinacia tetrandra , were investigated. Plant specimens are found in saline areas, sandy soils, roadsides and settlements. It spreads from plains to lower mountainous belts. Plant samples were collected from Gahab, Zeyneddin, Jamaldin etc. regions. It is usually used cooked. Spinach is used in the preparation of beetroot soup, soups and various vegetable dishes. Dried spinach is slightly inferior to meat in the amount of protein it contains. Spinach is used not only fresh, but also canned and frozen.
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