Оригинальные статьи. Рубрика в журнале - Гений ортопедии
Статья научная
Introduction Spinal tuberculosis is an extra-pulmonary tuberculosis infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which affects the vertebrae. Culture test is the «gold standard» diagnostic method, but it takes a long time. PCR is a method of a shorter time than the culture test, so it can be an alternative diagnostic method for MTB. Materials and Methods This study is a cross-sectional study. The data were analyzed with diagnostic tests on patients with suspected spinal tuberculosis who performed surgery in Hasan Sadikin Hospital in Bandung. Clinical examinations and diagnostic examinations were done in 40 patients and surgery was performed to obtain samples from the spinal cord and the infected tissue. GeneXpert, PCR targeting IS6110 and culture tests were performed. The research was conducted at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and the Clinical Pathology Laboratory of FK UNPAD/RSHS from September 2019 to September 2020. Results GeneXpert assay compared with culture tests as the standard diagnostic method showed sensitivity of 96.67 %; specificity of 90.00 %; positive predictive value 96.67 %; and a negative predictive value of 90.00 %, with an accuracy of 95.00 %. The PCR targeting IS6110 against culture showed that the sensitivity of MTB bacterial infection was 93.33 %, the specificity was 80.00 %, the positive predictive value was 93.33 %, the negative predictive value was 80.00 %, and the accuracy was 90.00 %. Conclusion This study concluded that the GeneXpert MTB/RIF RT-PCR assay has a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared to PCR targeting IS6110 in examining tissue samples in patients with spinal TB.
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Introduction Osteoporosis is a disease causing high morbidity with increasing prevalence. It is one of chronic diseases caused by reduced bone mass that subsequently decreases bone strength and increases fracture risks. Pharmacologic treatments for osteoporosis include antiresorptive agent (bisphosphonate) and bone-forming agent (strontium ranelate), so further research is needed to compare these two medications. Objectives We aimed to histopathologically compare bone density in post-menopause white rats after being treated with strontium and ibandronate. Material and methods 45 ovariectomized female rats were divided into three groups. The subjects in the first group were only ovariectomized (control). The strontium group was given daily oral strontium at a dose of 625 mg/kg BW/day for 60 days. The ibandronate group was given one subcutaneous ibandronate injection at a dose of 1 μg/kg BW/day for 60 days. We measured osteoclasts, osteoblasts, trabecula area and cortical thickness. Results The animals in ibandronate and strontium groups showed a significant increase.
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Background Volar locking plate (VLP) has gained the most popularity in the treatment of distal radius fractures due to its superior biomechanical property. In contrast, external fixation (EF) is not so extensively used. The aim of this study was to find what procedure is better in the management and achieves favorable outcomes in patients with comminuted distal radial fractures. Patient and methods This study included 30 patients with distal radial fractures AO types A3, C2, C3 in which 15 ubjects were managed with open reduction and internal fixation by volar plate, and another 15 were managed with external fixation augmented by K-wires. The minimum duration of follow-up in our study was six months. Results Patients treated with external fixation augmented by K-wires had grip strength range 15-27, patients treated with volar plating had grip strength range 8-27. There was no significant statistical difference between 2 groups regarding extension. In Group A Mann-Whitney test revealed that Gartland-Werely score had negative correlation with affected hand. In Group B the correlation was positive with AO/OTA classification only and negative with affected hand and ulnar styloid fracture but also not statistically significant between Quick-DASH score with affected hand, AO/OTA classification and ulnar styloid fracture. Conclusion Both volar plating and external fixation augmented by K-wires are treatment choices for distal radius fractures. Whereas external fixation maintains a significant role in the treatment of distal radius fractures, ORIF with locked volar plating has changed the way many surgeons treat certain types of distal radius fractures.
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Introduction Re-infection rates remain high after revision for periprosthtic joint infection (PJI). We conducted a complex diagnostic study of hip PJI and studied bone tissue involvement into the infectious process. Material and methods Twenty-nine patients treated for PJI were examined. Ten patients had acute, seven had late and 12 hematogenous infection (Tsukayama, 1996). Clinical, laboratory, microbiological, radiographic and histological methods were used for PJI detection. Results ESR exceeded the threshold in 16 and CRP in 23 cases. Pathogenic microorganisms were confirmed in 23 cases. Radiographic manifestations of periprosthetic bone destruction were seen in 14 patients with late and hematogenous infection. The histological study showed signs of osteomyelitis in 19 patients, including five cases with acute PJI. Histological study of periprosthetic and pseudosynovial membranes revealed PJI in 20 patients. The histological and microbiological tests together confirmed PJI in 27 cases (92 %). ROC analysis showed that the accuracy of CRP in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis exceeded that of ESR due to its higher sensitivity. Microbiological tests showed satisfactory sensitivity but low specificity. The radiographic study had an extremely low sensitivity and low specificity. Histology of membranes was quite sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis but did not reach the level of bone histology. Conclusions Our complex diagnostic study has enabled to accurately characterize the septic process in revision arthroplasty. The histological findings show that osteomyelitis of different severity might develop in each PJI type. This fact may be a key factor for a surgeon in choosing a more reliable treatment option.
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Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia and treatment using the Ilizarov technique
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Background: Congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) is one of the most difficult problems in paediatric orthopaedic surgery. This is a rare condition, which is mostly associated with neurofibromatosis. Treatment options have varied greatly. Successful surgical treatment of tibial pseudoarthrosis is possible by the Ilizarov method. Patients and methods: 7 patients with CPT treated using the Ilizarov technique within the period from 1998 to 2008. RESULTS: Bone healing was achieved in all cases except one. (Union rate - 85,7 %). Conclsion: The Ilizarov technique is a comprehensive approach to all CPT aspects. Its use can end with very good results
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Introduction Distal humerus fractures are relatively rare and being intra-articular are difficult to manage. As the number of elderly people grows steadily and also with increasing use of motor vehicles in the developing countries, it can be said that the frequency of intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus will increase similar to the fractures of the distal end of the radius, hip, and spine. There are several treatment plans for managing intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus depending on fracture anatomy. We conducted this study to assess which approach is superior, closed percutaneous reduction with K-wires or ORIF. Methods A total of 30 patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included, out of which 16 patients underwent ORIF and 14 patients underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (СRPP). Patients included were between 21-50 years of age with intraarticular nonpathological closed distal humerus fractures without preoperative neurovascular deficit and presented less than 10 days between the fracture event and treatment. Results In our study, mean age of patients undergoing CRPP was 28.1 years while the mean age of patients undergoing ORIF was 30.1 years. This study showed that distal humerus fractures are more common in younger age groups. In our study, mean arc of motion at 6 months postoperatively in patients which underwent CRPP was 106.07 degrees while the mean arc of motion in patients which underwent ORIF was 80.94 degrees. In patients who underwent ORIF, only 6.2 % (1/16) had excellent outcome, 56.3 % (9/16) patients had good outcomes, 31.3 % (5/16) patients had fair outcomes, and 6.2 % (1/16) had poor outcome. It was found that out of a total of 14 patients which underwent CRPP, only 7.1 % (1/14) had cutaneous impingement. Fracture union occurred in 100 % of patients except 3 patients in ORIF group; however, they had partial union up till 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion Our study concludes that even displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal humerus can be satisfactorily treated with closed reductions and percutaneous pinning.
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Distraction osteogenesis according to Ilizarov is the most common method of bone lengthening and deformity correction including the hand and foot bones. This method forms the basis of the main techniques used for the hand bone lengthening. The author described the technical specifications of the mini-fixator developed for short tubular bones, demonstrated the diagrams of its application to finger phalanges and metacarpal bones, as well as he presented the illustrative clinical cases. The hand bone lengthening performed in 394 patients (566 segments of the hand) at the Center within the period of 1999 and 2012. The performed lengthening procedure improved the hand appearance and functions.
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Drainage versus non-drainage in primary total knee replacement: a comparative study
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Goal. Compare the results in 80 patients who underwent total knee replacement, find out the advantages of using closed suction drainage and compare the results with those in the group where drainage was not used. Methods. A randomized prospective study was conducted in 2011 in group A (40 patients) without drainage and in group B (40 patients) with drainage. Total blood loss was significantly greater in patients who were drained (400 ml) compared to 200 ml in the group without drainage, although the latent amount of blood loss can not be accurately determined. Results. The statistical difference in terms of postoperative pain, ecchymosis or the frequency of cases of infection in the postoperative period in both groups was not. Conclusions. There were no clear evidence to support the use of drainage with total arthroplasty of the knee, despite this many surgeons prefer to use them.
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Experience of arthroscopic surgery in tophaceous gout: indications, results and complications
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Background Gout, lasting 5 years or more, and high uncontrollable levels of uric acid in blood lead to the formation of tophi - gouty stones containing the UA crystals surrounded with connective tissue. As the result of tophi formation in the joint area patients felt extreme discomfort and quite often completely lose ability to work. Objectives To define indications for tophaceous gout surgery in the Chengdu Rheumatism Hospital, evaluate surgical results and complications, as well as the effectiveness of a new surgery equipment. Materials and methods The indications and results of tophaceous gout surgery were investigated in 63 male gout patients of Chengdu Rheumatism hospital in 2019-2020. A retrospective analysis was carried out on the basis of medical records for all patients who were prescribed with urate lowering therapy and underwent arthroscopic intervention or complex surgical intervention combining arthroscopic shaving with open tophectomy procedure. Results The most common lesion site was foot joints: toes (49.41 %), ankle (39.68 %) and knee (34.92 %), with restricted mobility in the mentioned joints. Among common complaints were inability to perform daily routines due to enlarged joints (inability to wear shoes), joints’ dysfunction and pain. Younger patients (aged 20-44) had significantly higher levels of uric acid in serum before treatment. In most cases, indications for surgery for this group of patients were pain and discomfort in joints, inability to perform daily work. After accessing pain levels, 38.46 % of younger patients reported pain leveled 6 or higher on VAS score, which was more often, compared to patients aged 45-55 (26.92 %) and older than 55 (10.0 %). After surgery and following urate lowering therapy all patients noted functional improvement and reduction of pain. Decrease in serum urate levels were reported in 96.83 % of patients. Conclusion The results of surgical treatment for functional impairment of the joint (inability to perform daily work due to restricted range of motions) and massive joint transformation (inability to wear shoes/clothes) in gout patients are positive, with all patients reporting functional improvement and reduction of pain, and the risk of complications is low. In addition to urate lowering therapy we cautiously recommend performing arthroscopic shaving even in younger gout patients consistent with aforementioned indications.
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Femur head necrosis as a post-acute sequela of COVID-19 (Sars-Cov-2 infection)
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Introduction While the COVID-19 pandemic may still be ongoing, we have simultaneously entered into the post-acute phase of COVID-19, which comes with its own challenges. This case series reports 11 patients of COVID-19 treated with corticosteroids who subsequently developed osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). Methods All consecutive patients diagnosed on MRI with ONFH from August 2020 to May 2021 and were retrospectively COVID-19 positive were included. The treatment administered for COVID-19 was retrieved and evaluated. The patients were managed for femoral head necrosis, and results were reported. Results Overall, 11 patients developed ONFH in a total of 16 hips. The severity of femoral head necrosis depended on the dose of corticosteroid administered during COVID-19. A high dose for a longer duration resulted in a higher ONFH stage (FICAT & Arlet ). Hips in the lower grade were treated conservatively, and in the higher grade were treated surgically. The follow-up scores of patients demonstrated steady improvement. Conclusions High suspicion of femoral head necrosis has to be considered in patients treated with corticosteroids for COVID-19 as it can aid in early detection and early intervention to preserve the native femoral head.
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Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 extracellular vesicle as novel therapy for osteoarthritis
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Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint condition that causes significant impairment of the chondrocyte. The gradual degradation of the cartilage lining of one or more freely moving joints, as well as persistent inflammation, are the causes of osteoarthritis. Current medication focuses on alleviating symptoms rather than curing the condition. Methods This review article was completed by searching for information with the keywords “Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1”, “Extracellular Vesicle”, and “Osteoarthritis” in various journals in several search engines. Out of 102 publications found, 95 were suitable to be studied. Results The upregulated amount of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR1) signaling suggesting the progression of degenerative cartilage that commonly seen in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Several studies showed that the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from MSCs could enhance cartilage repair and protect the cartilage from degradation. EVs have the potential to deliver effects to specific cell types through ligand-receptor interactions and several pathway mechanisms related with the FGFR1. EVs and FGFR1 have been postulated in recent years as possible therapeutic targets in human articular cartilage. Conclusions The protective benefits on both chondrocytes and synoviocytes in OA patients can be achieved by administering the MSC-EVs that may also stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and migration. EVs have a promising potential to become a novel therapy for treating patients with OA. However, further research is needed to discover possible application of this therapy.
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Hallux valgus: рентгенометрия костей стопы до и после хирургической коррекции
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Результаты лечения 63 больных Hallux valgus изучены методом полипозиционной рентгенографии, которую выполняли до, после операции и на различных этапах фиксации аппаратом, а также в отдаленном периоде. У всех больных проводили рентгенометрические исследования. В зависимости от степени деформации первого луча больным производили различные виды остеотомий с фиксацией остеотомированных фрагментов устройством наружной фиксации. После устранения деформации отмечался длительный процесс перестройки в первой плюсневой кости, который можно разделить на два периода: ближайшие два месяца и год после окончания лечения. У 48 больных через год после окончания лечения процесс перестройки первой плюсневой кости был близок к завершению, были сформированы хорошо выраженные кортикальные пластинки, в области основания кости прослеживалась ячеистая структура, форма первой плюсневой кости приближалась к нормальной. У остальных больных процесс перестройки был незавершен, отмечались участки уплотнения в зонах остеотомий, кортикальная пластинка имела различную толщину и плотность, в области головки и основания кости ячеистая структура чередовалась с участками уплотнения и разрежения.
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Ilizarov method in treatment of neurological foot deformities
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Introduction Diseases related to the lesions of upper or lower motor neurons, such as spina bifida, myopathy, and residual polio, often cause severe deformities of the foot and ankle. The treatment goal is to convert a deformed and rigid foot into a plantigrade foot. Matherial and method We treated 51 neurological feet from 2001 to 2018 with the Ilizarov method. They were polio outcomes in 27 cases, 17 feet were affected by spina bifida, 6 other patients had Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Results Results were assessed by comparing appearance and function before and after surgery described by Dimeglio, and modified by Dong Y.L. et al. Before surgery, there were 33 moderate and 28 severe deformities (average preoperative scores, 6.3). The mean time required to correct a deformity was 37.1 days (range, 22-58 days) and the mean time for stabilization was 67.2 days (range, 45-98 days). At latest follow-up (mean 7.42 years, from 13 month to 16 years), clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction were considered acceptable. 28 patients achieved an excellent outcome and 21 patients had a good outcome, two feet were classified as having a poor result. Nearly 86 % of patients (44 patients) were satisfied with their outcomes and replied they would repeat their procedure. Complications include infection in 15 % of K-wire tracts, Dysesthesia in 5 cases, superficial necrosis in 3. One patient developed knee contracture. 2 patients were re-operated with V osteotomy. Conclusions The Ilizarov method represents a great resource in the treatment of severe neurological deformities of the foot.
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The Ilizarov technology was honored as a "milestone" in the history of orthopedics in the 20th century, benefiting tens of thousands of patients around the world, including Chinese patients. The paper presents an analysis of the integration of the method into Chinese medicine, taking into account national traditions, culture and clinical thinking. Ilizarov technology has revolutionized the orthopaedic surgery and clinical limb regeneration medicine in China. Ilizarov's methodology arose suddenly and brought about revolutionary changes in terms of theoretical guidance, methods of thinking, tools used and medical procedures. For the first time, Ilizarov's discovery made people realize that the human body, natural selection in biology and joint symbiotic evolutionary characteristics are common, namely, as long as the levers activate the tissue regeneration switch and changes in regulation, any tissue at any age and to any degree can complete the self-healing process in according to the requirements of doctors and the expectations of patients, similar to the growth of children. The process of working with an external Ilizarov fixator is like playing chess and changing a kaleidoscope, and the countless number of free combinations of stress configurations can be changed in accordance with the needs of the treatment. In China, Qin Xihe integrated the Chinese culture into the Ilizarov technology, thus forming the Chinese Ilizarov technology. He proposed new concepts such as the concept of natural reconstruction, evolutionary orthopedics, interpretation of body language, one walk, two lines, the principle of three balances, happy orthopedics, etc., which were introduced into clinical practice in the field of limb deformity correction and functional reconstruction. As of December 31, 2018, 35,075 cases of various deformities and disorders of the limbs were entered into the Qinsihe orthopedic database, of which 8113 cases were treated with external fixation (Ilizarov technology). The statistics of a large number of cases showed striking results: diseases treated with this technique covered almost all sections of orthopedic pathology and more than 10 sections of non-orthopedic and traumatological pathology, including vascular, nervous, genetic, metabolic, and skin diseases. In addition to orthopedic, there are more than 170 diseases in total. When Ilizarov's technology is applied, it can magically transform the old into the young. Therefore it is known as a "lifeboat". Conclusion Over the past 70 years, Ilizarov's ideas and technologies have been preserved, updated and augmented. Ilizarov's technology serves as an evolutionary phenomenon that transcends bone science. If you understand this technique, you will understand the direction of modern orthopedic surgery and regenerative medicine. Professor Ilizarov's morale and the spirit of fighting to alleviate the suffering of patients were transferred to the Chinese medical community. This awakened many Chinese doctors who followed the norms of the old and stereotyped medicine. After celebrating the centenary of the birth of Professor Ilizarov, ASAMI China will also prepare for the “Sixth ASAMI & ILLRS-BR World Conference (Beijing - 2023)”. We believe that orthopedics and allied disciplines around the world have a bright future.
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Цель. Оценить результаты сравнительного анализа антимикробной in vitro активности полимерных гидрогелей и ПММА, импрегнированных антибиотиками, в отношении тест-культур ведущих возбудителей ортопедической инфекции. Материалы и методы. Проведен сравнительный анализ антимикробной активности полимерного гидрогеля и ПММА, импрегнированных антибиотиками. Оценена бактерицидная эффективность и пролонгированность действия следующих пар «микроб-антибиотик»: MSSA - гентамицин, MSSE - цефазолин, MRSA и MRSE - ванкомицин, A. baumannii - тобрамицин. Длительность исследования - 7 суток. Статистическое сравнение групп проведено при помощи критериев Манна-Уитни, Уилкоксона, для описания данных использовали медиану и 95 % ДИ. Результаты. Полученные показатели зоны ингибирования роста микроорганизмов вокруг полимерного гидрогеля в несколько раз превосходили результаты ПММА (p
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Цель. Изучить динамику и длительность элюции антибактериальных препаратов из образцов на основе полимерного гидрогеля и ПММА. Материалы и методы. Сравниваемые образцы, импрегнированные ванкомицином, рифампицином и цефазолином в различных концентрациях, помещали в фосфатно-солевой буфер, инкубировали при 37 °C. На 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 и 28 сутки проводили полную замену среды. Концентрацию препаратов в растворе и их профили высвобождения определяли спектрофотометрическим методом. Для статистического описания данных 5 параллельных исследований использовали медиану и 95 % ДИ. Результаты. На протяжении всего периода исследования концентрации всех протестированных антибиотиков, элюированных из полимерного гидрогеля, превышали концентрации, высвобожденные из ПММА, в среднем в 7 раз на 1-е сутки, в 15 раз - на 2-е и 3-и сутки, в 6,6 раза - на 7-е сутки, в 3 раза и более - в последующие дни наблюдения. Заметно отличалась и скорость релиза антибиотиков из объема гидрогелей. Обсуждение. Для всех гидрогелевых образцов релиз препаратов составил более 70 % от его общего количества, в отличие от ПММА, элюция которого не превышала 10 %. Несмотря на то, что, как и в случае костного цемента, наблюдался бёрст-релиз, и до 80 % антибиотика высвободилось в первые 5 суток наблюдений, концентрация элюированного препарата из гидрогелей была кратно выше и превышала МПК в течение всего периода наблюдения. Высвобождение противомикробного агента из гидрогелей обусловлено диффузией частиц из вcего объема матрицы, что является важным преимуществом по сравнению с ПММА, потенциал которого ограничен поверхностным истощением. Заключение. На данном этапе нами показана возможность создания потенциальных депо-систем на основе ненасыщенных производных ПВС с контролируемым релизом антибиотиков, которые превосходят по своим характеристикам ПММА.
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In vitro оценка антимикробной активности модифицированных костных ксеноматериалов
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Цель. Оценка антимикробных свойств оригинальных костных имплантационных ксеноматериалов, импрегнированных по разным технологиям ванкомицином. Материалы и методы. Костный ксеноматрикс модифицировали по двум технологиям: адсорбция ванкомицина на поверхности материала и абсорбция ванкомицина в объеме материала с использованием промежуточного носителя. При импрегнации антибиотика использовали метод сверхкритической флюидной экстракции диоксидом углерода. Изучена кинетика высвобождения антибиотика из модифицированного ксеноматериала. В исследовании in vitro изучена его антимикробная активность по отношению S. aureus. Результаты. Обнаружено, что выход ванкомицина из материала, выполненного по технологии адсорбции, после 24 часов инкубации составил более 98 % от исходного содержания в матриксе. Остаточное содержание антибиотика в среднем составляло 1,75 %. Использование промежуточного носителя (L/D изомер полилактида) позволяет получить материал с дозированным пролонгированным выходом ванкомицина...
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Введение. Полиметилметакрилат (ПММА) является распространенной депо-системой при лечении хронического остеомиелита. Однако множество существующих недостатков не позволяет считать его идеальной.Цель. В условиях in vivo изучить эффективность купирования хронического остеомиелита большеберцовой кости на модели кроликов полимерным гидрогелем, содержащим антибиотик, и сравнить с ПММА.Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено на голени 25 половозрелых кроликов породы Шиншилла. Была создана модель хронического остеомиелита большеберцовой кости. Инфекционным агентом выбран метициллинчувствительный штамм Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), высокоактивный в отношении цефазолина. Через 21 день после клинико-лабораторного, рентгенологического имикробиологического подтверждения диагноза приступали к хирургической санации, методика для всех животных была одинаковой. Опытной группе (n = 11) имплантировали полимерный гидрогель, сравнительной (n = 11) - ПММА, контрольной (n = 3) - имплантация не производилась. В послеоперационном периоде проводили мониторинг локального статуса, веса и температуры тела животных, микробиологическое и рентгенологическое исследование. Животных выводили поэтапно. Биоптаты направляли на бактериологическое и гистоморфометрическое исследование. Статистическое сравнение групп выполнено при помощи критериев Манна - Уитни, Краскелла - Уоллиса и Тьюки, для контрольной группы использовали описательную статистику.Результаты. В опытной группе во всех случаях послеоперационные раны зажили своевременно, уровни WBC и СРБ значимо (p = 0,040) снизились с 14 и 21 суток соответственно. Микробиологически роста микрофлоры из отделяемого раны и биоптатов не выявлено, рентгенологически прогрессирование хронического остеомиелита не наблюдалось, гистоморфометрически отмечено достоверное (p = 0,002) эффективное купирование воспалительного процесса. В случае сравнительной группы с 7-х послеоперационных суток потребовалась системная антибиотикотерапия. Уровни маркеров воспаления снижались менее эффективно, чем в опытной группе. MSSA верифицировался из отделяемого раны и биоптатов почти на каждом контрольном сроке. Рентгенологически и гистоморфометрически (p = 0,001) в среднем наблюдалась картина обострения остеомиелита. В контрольной группе системная терапия не дала положительной динамики.Обсуждение. Сравнительный анализ показал, что гидрогель в отличие от ПММА достоверно купирует хронический остеомиелит без дополнительной вспомогательной системной антибиотикотерапии и не вызывает материал-ассоциированную резорбцию костной ткани. При этом клинико-лабораторная картина полностью соответствует данным микробиологии, рентгенологии и гистоморфометрии.Заключение. Гидрогель, импрегнированный антибиотиком, достоверно и эффективно купирует хронический остеомиелит по сравнению с ПММА.
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Introduction Swelling is a common complication following a foot and ankle surgery, and is one of the most prevalent complaints that patients present at the clinics. While it affects patients’ satisfaction, the relevance between the swelling and clinical outcome remains unclear. Material and Methods This study assessed volume of foot and ankle swelling in 112 patients with history of ankle fusion, the patients’ Foot Function Index (FFI) score, and patients’ satisfaction. The relationships between swelling volume and early outcomes were analysed with Pearson’s correlation coefficient and a scatter plot. Results The mean of swelling volume increase was 120.0 ± 96.2 ml (range 5 ~ 400 ml); pre-operative FFI score mean was 73.7 ± 4.8 % (range 68 % ~ 81 %), 3 months post-operative FFI score mean was 32.8 ± 5.0 % (range 22 % ~ 56 %) and satisfaction scale’s median was 1 (satisfied). In the correlation analysis, while the meaningful Pearson’s correlation coefficient was found with satisfaction scale, swelling volume showed a weak correlation of Pearson’s correlation test with FFI scores (R value = 0.190; p value = 0.045). Conclusions This study revealed that the swelling of the foot and ankle following ankle fusion surgery are not associated with functional clinical outcome. However, because it affects the patients’ satisfaction, we emphasize the need to identify the problem and management of the swelling, while assuring them that the swelling does not correlate with the early functional outcome.
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Introduction Whereas hip joint destroying trauma and diseases are difficult situations, the problem is more complex when it is complicated by hip instability. This could be a sequel of several hip affections such as trauma, septic or tuberculous arthritis, neglected developmental dysplasia of the hip, postoperative conditions, and neurologic pathologies (cerebral palsy, myelomeningocele, poliomyelitis). Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate long-term radiographic and clinical outcomes of the Ilizarov hip reconstruction for the treatment of painful and unstable hips in adolescents and young adults. Materials and methods The study included 136 patients with an average age of 18.3 years (range, 6 to 34 years); 75 patients were males (55.1%) and 61 females (44.9%). The primary causes of the hip instability were untreated or unsuccessfully treated cases of septic arthritis (40 cases; 29.4 %), congenital hip dislocation (28 cases; 20.6 %), paralytic hip dislocation (36 cases; 26.5 %), proximal femoral focal deficiency (14 cases; 10.3 %), neglected fracture of the femoral neck (10 cases; 7.4 %), osteoarthritis (6 cases; 4.4 %), and tuberculous hip arthritis (2 cases; 1.5 %). The intervention consisted in the performance of two osteotomies (proximal and distal) of the femur with pelviс support and placement of the Ilizarov apparatus of a specific assembly. Results The external fixation period ranged from 4 to 12 months (6.5 months on average). Patients were followed up for an average of 17.4 years (range, 5 to 27 years). Multiple clinical parameters at final follow-ups showed significant improvement, including pain relief, pain-free walking distance, lameness, hip flexion and abduction, hip contracture, and lumbar lordosis. Functionally, the mean Harris Hip Score improved with a statistically significant difference from 48 points (range, 35-65) before surgery to 83 points (range 70-90) after surgery. The pain disappeared in all patients, with the exception of six cases of pain in the early postoperative period. In all cases, supportive walking aids were no longer necessary, with the exception of two cases of persistent pain by physical activities. Walking ability and painless walking distance improved in all patients from an average of 35 m (range, 10 to 50 m) before surgery to 1,150 m (range, 1,000 to 1,500 m) after surgery, showing significant difference. Conclusion Ilizarov pelvic support osteotomy provided a multi-purpose solution to the complex challenging problem of hip instability in adolescents and young adults with variable primary etiologies. The improvements in the hip motion, mechanical axis, and correction of limb-length discrepancy lead to good functional outcomes over a long-term follow-up. This treatment modality might avoid or postpone the need for total hip arthroplasty for several years.
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