Статьи журнала - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Все статьи: 726
Статья научная
The seller’s liability for material defects in goods is an important institute in contract law. We witness the daily execution of legal transactions. Although the sale contract of sale is a named contract, it remains in the process of development, especially with the increasing prevalence of online sales. Due to frequent disputes between sellers and buyers, the questions of defining the seller’s liability – in what scope, in what manner, and within what deadlines – are of exceptional importance for legal practice, as well as for every individual. Therefore, the main subject of this paper is a detailed legal analysis of the seller’s liability for material defects in goods based on Article 479 of the Law on Obligations, 1978. The liabilities of the seller arising from the contractual relationship regarding defects in goods are examined critically, with a comparative analysis of this institute and solutions in other legal systems, particularly in countries of the region, i.e. neighboring countries.
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The significance of Directive 2019/1151 in the digitalization of European Union company law
Статья научная
With the rapid development of information and communication technologies in the EU, the establishment of the digital single market through the EU’s strategy has allowed for fair market competition using the internet by both individuals (natural persons) and legal entities. However, regulatory disparities among EU member states have posed challenges for businesses engaged in cross-border activities within the EU’s single market. There are big differences among member states in terms of the availability of internet tools that enable entrepreneurs and companies to communicate with competent bodies regarding issues related to their business. Furthermore, e-government services differ among member states. Some member states offer comprehensive userfriendly services entirely online, while others struggle to provide digital solutions at crucial stages of a company’s life cycle. In certain EU member states, the establishment of a company or the submission of document and information amendments to the register are only allowed in person, or in person or electronically, while in some member states this can only be done electronically. Digitalization was supposed to simplify the procedures for establishing business entities and enable free business establishment at the EU level. The aim of this paper is to analyze the legislative framework at the EU level, which should facilitate business operations in the digitalworld and provide security to participants in the European single market, with a special focus on EU Directive 2019/1151.
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The status of international law sources in the constitutional order of Republic of Serbia
Статья научная
The status of the international law sources in the domestic legal order is determined by a complex relationship between both the international and domestic law, respectively by the relevant rules concerning the implementation of the international law. The Constitution of Republic of Serbia from 2006 regulates this question primarily in Articles 16, 18 and 194 which represent the subject matter of this paper. The main issue of the paper will also be approached from a comparative point of view by analyzing relevant constitutional provisions of certain countries. Certain views concerning the identified problems will be presented in the concluding remarks in order to contribute to the practice.
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Статья научная
In recent years, public health systems in high-income countries have been heavily exposed to pressures due to high drug prices. High drug prices are affected by market monopolies that pharmaceutical companies have thanks to patents, i.e. the exclusive rights granted to them for drugs. An additional factor affecting high drug prices is the extended forms of intellectual property protection, including the extension of the exclusivity period after the expiration of a patent for medical devices. The supplementary protection certificate as a form of a supplementary protection for pharmaceutical products in the European Union is regulated by the Regulation 469/2009. This form of protection is also known in the national patent regulations. Since the entry into force of the Regulation 469/2009, there has been debated the question of whether the supplementary protection certificate should be available for new therapeutic uses of previously approved active ingredients. In addition, the subject of interpretation was also the Article 3(a) of the Regulation 469/2009 requiring that the “product” (i.e. the active ingredient or combination of active ingredients) being the subject matter of the SPC application, should be “protected by the basic patent”. The author analyzes several important decisions of the EU Court of Justice, with an emphasis put on the recent verdicts in both the “Santen” and “Royality Pharma” cases. In the grounds of these cases, there have widely been discussed the issue concerning the encouragements given to pharmaceutical companies being involved into medical researches in order to stimulate their investment into innovation treatments.
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Статья научная
The modern society is facing an increasingly dangerous and serious manifestation of criminal activity, that utilizes the most modern technical achievements, especially in the field of communications. That is why the modern states resort to employing new procedural forms of gathering evidence at the cost of a certain infringement on the right to privacy and other human rights. The Criminal Procedure Code establishes six special evidentiary procedures. The most complex issue in special evidentiary procedures is the question of when their usage is justified, in other words, the type of criminal activity to which they can be applied, and the conditions under which they can be used. In addition to the special evidentiary actions established in the Criminal Procedure Code, the security agencies are, within their competences, authorized to secretly collect data by applying preventive and security measures provided by special laws (lex specialis). Having that in mind, this paper will deal with the questions concerning the types and conditions of the usage of special evidentiary procedures, as well as the types and conditions of the application of preventive and security measures in Republic of Serbia.
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The use of a polygraph as the means of collecting evidence in the legislation of Republic of Serbia
Статья научная
A polygraph usage represents a complex set of procedures which include the preparing specially selected questions, measuring psycho-physiological responses to these questions and their complex interpretation aiming indirectly to detect false answers. The device itself cannot detect false answers. It is a tactical forensic tool that is used in pretrial proceedings as a means of elimination or as a guideline for detecting and collecting the other evidence which may serve as a basis of a court decision. In this paper, besides the most important facts about a polygraph, it has been taken a quick look on the questions of a legal resolution of the new Criminal Procedure Code from 2011 and the Police Act from 2005. Basic questions regarding the polygraph test are not fully regulated. The crucial thing is the protection of human rights and freedoms, particularly in terms of ones consent and free will during the interrogation in preliminary investigation proceedings.
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Статья научная
The subject of this paper is the analysis of strategic management, with a focus on the impact of innovation and information and communication (IC) resources on a company’s entrepreneurial strategy. The paper analyzes the management of strategic issues, with an emphasis on contingency planning and the establishment of an appropriate management system. The aim of the research is to define and measure the impact of innovation and information resources on the business performance of companies, with particular attention to small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that face various challenges. The research identified a statistically significant positive relationship between the analyzed variables, concluding that innovation, IC equipment, and an entrepreneurial strategic approach are linked to the business performance of companies.
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Статья научная
The paper presents one of the activities at the global level and, there is partially analysed its impact on safety factors in the transport of passengers and goods, as well as in the provision of services in this area at the moment. The issue of road safety cannot be viewed isolated from the rapid economic and social development. Significant efforts have been made to improve safety factors, in particular the construction of the road infrastructure. Having all that in mind, it was necessary to pass appropriate regulations, which seems to be done through the adoption of legislation, the implementation of education, the adoption of the standards for vehicle safety, as well as through a technological development.
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Theory and practice of flood prevention – A case study of the city of Kraljevo
Статья научная
Increasingly frequent floods, caused by altered climatic conditions, result significant material damage and loss of human life. The floods of May 2014 were the largest recorded in Serbia, affecting the territory of the city of Kraljevo, particularly the settlement of Grdica and the industrial zone of Šeovac. The damages from the floods impacted residential buildings, infrastructure, agriculture, business entities, and public facilities. Similar flood events, in terms of precipitation volumes and river water levels, also affected the Kraljevo area in 2023. Due to the frequent natural disasters impacting various parts of the territory, along with the extensive network of watercourses and intense climate changes, the city of Kraljevo has adopted an integrated approach to disaster risk reduction. The flood risk reduction system is governed by several legal regulations, primarily the Water Law and the Law on Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Management. In compliance with these legal obligations, the city has adopted necessary planning documents, established institutional mechanisms, and properly equipped civil protection units. Additionally, continuous investments have been made in constructing new and reconstructing the existing infrastructure. A significant advancement in the city’s risk reduction system is the establishment of a civil protection system and inter-municipal cooperation among cities and municipalities in the West Morava River basin. It is important to measure the impact of investments in flood prevention to assess the justification and effectiveness of the resources used. The activities and measures implemented to reduce flood risk from 2014 to 2023 have shown positive results. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effects of preventive activities and investments in the disaster risk reduction and emergency management system in the Kraljevo area during the specified period. The concluding considerations indicate that preventive investments in the flood risk reduction system and the construction of resilient and necessary protective infrastructure, lead to reduced damages and losses from floods.
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Статья научная
The work outlines the problems in relation to the application of the Article 178 of the Law of Contract. Nowadays, there are countless examples of traffic accidents caused by motor vehicles. Major damage is inflicted to both legal and physical persons in these traffic accidents. In practice, there are certain problems arose in relation to the application of the Article 178 of the Law of Contract. In view of the upcoming Civil Code of Republic of Serbia, we have presented these problems and suggested certain amendments. We believe that the proposed article 193 of the Draft Civil Code of Republic of Serbia has not removed all objections to the Article 178 of the Law of Contract.
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Trafficking: The influence and consequences on human rights
Статья научная
Trafficking is one of the greatest international problems. This phenomenon has reached alarming proportions recently. The public was paid attention to it by its quick spreading and adapting itself in different areas in both economically well-developed countries and less developed regions. By defining this social phenomenon in the UN Protocol, which is the most significant international act in this field till now, there is given a good basis for the determination of this phenomenon in national legislatures, which was done in Republic of Serbia in 2003 through the adoption of changes and amendments of the Criminal law act of Republic of Serbia. Trafficking represents a strong violation of human rights so it should also be recognized as the most extreme form of the violation of human rights because even elementary human rights are violated too. The aspect of human rights is getting more and more important in national ranges as well as in international acts. Countries must strengthen their institutions and create adequate legal acts because, in this way, it is possible to react to the activities of this global phenomenon successfully. At the same time, intensifying of international cooperation in order to repulse trafficking is an imperative for it is necessary to be well-organized and ready to fight against one of the heaviest forms of the organized crime.
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Статья научная
The EU AI Act of 2024 represents the first comprehensive legal framework for regulating artificial intelligence, introducing a classification of AI systems based on risk levels and specific requirements for high-risk applications. This paper analyzes the transformative impact of this regulation on software engineering, focusing on economic aspects such as compliance costs, new opportunities for innovation, and changes in labor market dynamics. Special attention is given to the potential harmonization with the legislation of the Republic of Serbia, identifying key points of alignment and possible legal conflicts. The significance of this paper lies in its contribution to understanding how the EU AI Act shapes global AI regulation and provides a framework for adapting local legislation in Serbia, thereby fostering technological and legal advancement.
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Tranzicija, transformacija ili revolucija?
Статья научная
Promjene kojima su zahvaćene bivše socijalističke zemlje na istoku Evrope su teško čitljive sa stanovišta dosad poznatih teorija društvenih promjena. Činjenica je da postoji čitav niz promjena koje se međusobno prepliću, dopunjuju, čak i potiru, što sve ima za posljedicu još uvijek nejasan pravac kojim idu zemlje u tranziciji. Diskutabilna je i sama adekvatnost pojma tranzicije. Promjene na istoku Evrope su označile kraj socijalizma, ali nisu stvorile uslove za uspostavu stabilne ekonomije i višestranačke demokratije. Generalizujući stanje odnosa u političkoj i ekonomskoj sferi u skoro svim zemljama tranzicije mogla bi se postaviti dva pitanja: Nije li opšte osiromašenje svojevrsna socijalna bomba koja svakog trena može eksplodirati i ko će preuzeti kontrolu nad detonatorom te bombe - nova ljevica ili nova desnica.
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Trends in traffic delinquency rates in the Republic of Serbia
Статья научная
Enforcement of radical legislative measures in order to improve traffic safety in the Republic of Serbia, which are implemented for some time, should result in a reduction of the rate of the traffic delinquency. This paper analyses trends in traffic delinquency rates in the Republic of Serbia with the aim to show trends of traffic delinquency rates by looking at the total number of traffic accidents and traffic offenses, the structure of traffic delinquency rates, as well as the share of traffic offenses within the overall crime in Serbia for period 2014-2018. The aim of this paper is to analyse the statistics, to obtain the right picture about existing situation, trends and structure of traffic delinquency, as well as about the effectiveness of preventive and repressive measures implemented, as well as the possible need to take further steps towards combating the traffic delinquency.
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Troškovi neproizvodnih usluga i preciziranje izmena načina obračuna oporezivog i neoporezivog iznosa
Статья научная
Autori u radu razmatraju izvršene izmene načina obračuna, oporezivog i neoporezivog iznosa troškova neproizvodnih usluga, odnosno detaljnije uređenje osnovice poreza na zarade za lica upućena na rad u inostranstvo i načine obračuna naknade troškova i drugih primanja zaposlenih. Dobrom organizacijom i korišćenjem principa upravljanja može se povećati konkurentnost preduzeća, smanjiti troškovi proizvodnih i neproizvodnih usluga, povećati motivisanost i drugo. Usvojena pravna regulativa trebala bi da bude podstrek i podsticaj razvoja a ni u kom slučaju stega i kočnica pozitivnog poslovanja velikih, srednjih i malih preduzeća. Pravni okvir trebao bi da bude stabilan, bez čestih izmena i dopuna, kako bi privredni subjekti mogli da realizuju usvojene biznis planove, ostvare prihode i podmire neophodne rashode. Ukupnoj uspešnosti preduzeća doprineće i smanjenje troškova neproizvodnih usluga, izdataka i drugih rashoda. Javne rashode treba pratiti i korigovati u delu i funkcijama gde se smatraju nepotrebnim, odnosno bitna je kategorija rashoda koji se zadovoljavaju a ne visina ili limitiranje obima.
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Статья научная
Tržište predstavlja jedan od bazičnih fenomena savremene ekonomije. Sam termin tržišta je imao različita znanja tokom vremena. U svom originalnom značenju, tržište predstavlja mesto (u fizičkom smislu) gde se susreću kupci i prodavci, da bi izvršili razmenu proizvoda i usluga. U ovom smislu, još u srednjem veku, gradovi su imali ovakva mesta - tržišta (obično neki od gradskih trgovaca je imao ovu namenu), gde su prodavci donosili svoje proizvode da bi ih prodali, a kupci dolazili da bi ih kupili. Polazeći od ovakvog određenja tržišta, može se uočiti da je tržište skup svih odnosa koji po osnovu transakcije roba i usluga između prodavca i kupca. Dalje, tržište je mesto susretanja ponude i tražnje, odnosno proizvođača i kupca. U savremenoj privredi dominira nepotpuna, odnosno nesavršena konkurencija. Tražnja predstavlja funkcionalni odnos koji ukazuje na količinu pojedinačne robe koja bi se kupovala po različitim cenama na datom mestu i u datom vremenu. Tržište kao ekonomska kategorija u sebi nosi personalnu, materijalnu, prostornu i vremensku, instrumentalnu, tehničku, cenovnu, institucionalnu, komunikativnu i druge dimenzije.
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U susret izmenama Zakona o stečajnom postupku Republike Srbije
Статья научная
U ovom radu autor ukazuje na značaj harmonizacije domaćeg stečajnog zakonodavstva sa aktuelnim svetskim standardima postavljenim u oblasti stečajne regulative. Autor analizira rešenja Zakona o stečajnom postupku Republike Srbije u komparaciji sa zakonskim rešenjima stečajnih zakonodavstava bivših jugoslovenskih republika, te uočavajući niz celishodnijih rešenja u zakonodavstvima zemalja u okruženju ukazuje na neophodnost izmena našeg stečajnog zakona i to kako rešenja materijalnog stečajnog prava, tako i procesnih rešenja. Autor zaključuje da smo donošenjem Zakona o stečajnom postupku bliži međunarodnim integracijama, ali da su izmene zakona svakako nužne da bi se postigao zadovoljavajući stepen zaštite poverilaca, što je preduslov većeg poverenja stranih investitora, čije investicije predstavljaju katalizator našeg privrednog razvoja.
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Статья научная
Ubistva izvršena iz koristoljublja spadaju u teška ubistva s obzirom na pobude izvršenja. Pobude iz kojih je krivično delo učinjeno predstavljaju u stvari motiv izvršenja dela, te objašnjavaju razloge zbog kojih je učinilac delo ostvario. Kod teških ubistava motiv ima značaj kvalifikatorne okolnosti i neophodno je u svakom konkretnom slučaju utvrditi njegovo postojanje, jer bi u suprotnom postojalo obično ubistvo. U teoriji krivičnog prava ne postoji jedinstveno shvatanje o pojmu koristoljublja. U tom pogledu srećemo nekoliko definicija pojma motiva koristoljublja, odnosno koristoljubive pobude. U radu se, takođe, razmatraju stavovi i mišljenja istaknutih krivičnopravnih teoretičara u vezi sa pojmom ubistva iz koristoljublja. Izneta gledišta potvrđena su i primerima iz sudske prakse. U tom kontekstu su prezentirani i rezultati istraživanja koje je autor ovog rada obavio u Okružnom sudu u Novom Sadu. Sličnostima i razlikama između ubistva iz koristoljublja i ubistva pri izvršenju razbojništva i razbojničke krađe u radu je posvećena odgovarajuća pažnja. U zaključku je istaknuto da je odlučujući uslov ubistva iz koristoljublja postojanje motiva koristoljublja.
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Ugovor o 'Svojinskom zakupu' - svojina na nepokretnosti u anglosaksonskom pravu
Статья научная
U ovom seminarskom radu je analiziran Ugovor o svojinskom zakupu koji je zaključen 1995. godine u Londonu. Cilj ovog rada bio je uočavanje osnovnih specifičnosti anglosaksonskog, Common Law, prescedentnog ili angloameričkog pravnog sistema koji sačinjavaju tri celine: Statute Law - zakoni, Common Law - prescedentno pravo i Equity Law - pravo pravičnosti kao i njegovih karakterističnih instituta u okviru svojine na nepokretnosti: tenure kao sistem držanja zemlje i estate kao dužina trajanja prava u okviru predmetnog Ugovora o svojinskom zakupu.
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