Статьи журнала - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Все статьи: 749
Security of information systems
Статья научная
In modern business conditions, organizations have achieved their missions, visions and goals of using information systems. They enable them to share data, information and knowledge with a changing environment, to carry out daily activities smoothly, and to create the basis for strategic decisions. As new modalities for compromising information systems security emerge due to the changing unsafe environment and threats that lurk from cyberspace, it is necessary to pay attention to them and to respond appropriately, since it is no longer only a question of vulnerability of information and communication infrastructure and information, but also of human life. In the security of information systems itself, in addition to the technical security measures implemented following the defined security policy, it’s necessary to pay attention to the human factor and security awareness, as the weakest link, and to act to minimize threats.
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Shaping a digital future that safeguards human rights – Generational perspectives from Serbia
Статья научная
This paper aims to explore the impact of digital transformation on human rights and security protection in the age of modern technologies, as well as to support policymakers in designing a rights-oriented and human-centric digital transformation. This challenge prompted the authors to examine relevant literature and analyze current policies and measures aimed at enhancing proactive strategies. To this end, an online empirical survey was conducted with 132 participants (ages 18-65+) from Serbia during the last quarter of 2024. The research findings support the hypothesis that the relationship between human rights and technological development is highly significant. The results emphasize privacy as the foundation of digital rights, focusing on the ethics of data usage and the protection of individuals’ rights to freely express opinions and ideas online. Bridging the digital divide is crucial to ensure that technological advancements benefit all individuals equitably. Promoting access to digital literacy and education is essential for enabling individuals to effectively engage in discussions about these issues in the context of modern technologies. Furthermore, the effective protection of human rights requires coordinated efforts from policymakers, decision-makers, and institutional stakeholders to establish a framework that upholds justice, equality, and dignity in the digital era, as highlighted by the findings of this paper.
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Significance and economic functions of securities
Статья научная
Globalization of markets and internationalization of trade significantly affect both the regional and national ways of doing business, economic trends, and economic balances, as well as the competitive positions on the world market of knowledge and capital. Securities have a great importance in business. Theory and practice agree that the issuance of securities represents a significant social and economic event, both locally and regionally, as well as globally. Bearing in mind the topic of the paper, in the subheadings there have been analyzed the basic issues related to securities – the concept and essential features of securities, the legal nature and types of securities, the creditworthiness of securities, the legal treatment of securities in Republic of Serbia, as well as the importance and economic function of securities.
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Статья научная
The right to a healthy environment is an absolute priority of the modern society. A specific economic instrument aimed at protecting the environment at a global level is the compensation for environmental pollution, based on a principle of environmental protection called “pollutant pays”. The essence of a civil liability for environmental damage is that potential pollutants should adjust their activities to the requirement of causing minimal changes in the environment and reducing the risk of damage to a minimum. In addition to the significance and characteristics of the “pollutant pays” principle, the paper presents the provisions of the Act on Environmental Protection. There is also included an analysis of the provisions of the Convention on civil liability for damage caused by environmental hazards, and the provisions of the Environmental Liability Directive related to the protection and elimination of environmental damage.
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Simulacija i izigravanje zakona (fraus legis) u poreskoj teoriji i praksi
Статья научная
U radu se analizira razlika između simulacije i izigravanja zakona (fraus legis). Prilikom definisanja problema fiktivnog ugovora i problema izigravanja zakona možemo utvrditi, da to nije periferno nego centralno područje građanskog prava i, kako se ispostavilo, u direktnoj je vezi sa suštinom pravnog posla (ugovora) i zloupotrebom autonomije stranaka u stvaranju pravnih transakcija kada su u pitanju zakonski zabranjeni primeri. Danas se mnoge zabrane nalaze u socijalnim i ekonomsko-politički motivisanim zakonima, iz oblasti radnog, konkurencijskog, poreskog, korporacijskog, bankarskog prava i drugih oblasti prava, čije zakonske prepreke neke stranke žele da spreče stvaranjem transakcija usmerenih na simulaciju ili zaobilaženje zakona. U tom smislu autor, analizira pravno-teorijsku osnovu ovih dvaju pravnih fenomena tj. simulaciju i izigravanje zakona i u nastavku daje objašnjenja praktičnih slučajeva kršenja i zaobilaženja poreskih propisa u slovenačkoj praksi.
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Sistem finansiranja lokalne samouprave u Republici Srbiji
Статья научная
U proteklom periodu (1994-2006. godine) u sistemu finansiranja lokalne samouprave u Srbiji dešavale su se brojne i značajne promene. Pri tome je zadržana zatečena teritorijalna organizacija, broj odnosno veličina jedinica lokalne samouprave. Srbija ima relativno mali broj jedinica lokalne samouprave, jer je ocenjeno da bi se usitnjavanjem lokalne samouprave smanjila njena ekonomska samostalnost, a time i njena autonomija i sposobnost za efikasno i racionalno pružanje usluga. Takođe, u posmatranom periodu nisu bitnije menjane nadležnosti lokalne samouprave. Počevši od 2007. godine, povećanje obima nadležnosti na osnovu sektorskih zakona, desiće se u oblasti zdravstvene zaštite i predškolskog obrazovanja. Promene u okviru fiskalne decentralizacije kretale su se, pre svega, u okviru vertikalne i horizontalne ujednačenosti sistema. U okviru vertikalne ujednačenosti sistema, realno su udvostručena raspoloživa sredstva lokalne samouprave, i to za postojeći obim nadležnosti. Ocena je da za postojeći obim nadležnosti, lokalna samouprava raspolaže sa dovoljnim sredstvima. Lokalna samouprava u Srbiji ostvaruje ne samo operativni već i ukupan budžetski suficit, mada je on, u dosadašnjem sistemu finansiranja, uglavnom bio skoncentrisan kod fiskalno najjačih lokalnih samouprava.
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Sistem kazni u novom krivičnom zakonodavstvu Republike Srbije
Статья научная
Donošenjem kovog Krivičnog zakonika koji je počeo sa primenom 1 januara 2006. godine, Republika Srbija je sledeći tendencije savremenog krivičnog prava uopšte, a posebno na evropskom kontinetnu ali i tradicije dosadašnje krivičnopravne teorije kao i potrebe sudske prakse te rukovođena razlozima kriminalne politike, konačno uspostavila sistem različitih vrsta i mera krivičnih sankcija, a posebno kazni koje svojom prirodom karakteristikama, uslovima za izricanje odnosno dužinom i načinom izvršenja pružaju solidnu osnovu za organe krivičnog pravosuđ a da se efikasno suprotstave različitim oblicima i vidovima savremenog kriminaliteta i njihovim učiniocima. Pri tome su predviđena posebna pravila za odmeravanje kazni uz stroga zakonom predviđena ograničenja čime su sudskim organima postavljeni praktični putokazi da imajući u vidu potrebu ostvarenja svrhe kažnjavanja uopšte odmere onu vrstu i meru kazne konkretnom učiniocu krivičnog dela kojom će se na najefikasniji način ostvariti zaštitna garantivna funkcija krivičnog prava uopšte - a to je ostvarenje i zaštita najznačajnijih društvenih dobara i vrednosti od svih oblika povređivanja ili ugrožavanja.
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Статья научная
Sve što se radi u poslovnom svetu radi se sa ciljem sticanja dobiti. Carinska unija je najbolji primer kojim se potvrđuje da privredni interesi često imaju presudan uticaj na politiku i na političke lidere. Sloboda prometa robe je osnovno obeležje EU i predstavlja jednu od glavnih razloga nastanka EU. Naravno sva ostala načela na kojima počiva EU su takođe od izuzetnog značaja. Carinska unija koja je osnovno obeležje EU, je od suštinskog značaja za funkcionisanje ovakve zajednice. Zajedničke carinske tarife i jedinstveni carinski prostor su elementi koji definišu EU kao organizaciju kakvu danas poznajemo.
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Službena krivična dela - kritički osvrt na mehanizam krivičnopravne zaštite od korupcije
Статья научная
Krivična dela protiv službene dužnosti predstavljaju različite oblike i vrste zloupotreba službenog položaja i javnih ovlašćenja u vršenju službene dužnosti koje su upravo učinjene od strane službenih lica kao nosilaca tih ovlašćenja. Krivičnim delima protiv službene dužnosti povređuje se ili ugrožava službena dužnost u smislu njenog pravilnog, celishodnog, efikasnog i zakonitog funkcionisanja. Pojava zloupotreba, samovlašća i korumpiranosti državnih organa i njihovih službenika može se protumačiti kao izdaja javnog poverenja i ima za posledicu narušavanje ugleda, a ponekad i autoriteta cele vlasti. Službena ili odgovorna lica vrlo često donose odluke, ne u skladu s potrebama građana, već zarad sopstvenog interesa. Svako prekoračenje i zloupotrebu ovih ovlašćenja država proglašava opasnim i protivpravnim i u zakonu propisanom sankcijom kažnjava njihove učinioce. Naše savremeno krivično zakonodavstvo predviđa sistem krivičnih dela protiv službene dužnosti, kao i krivične sankcije za njihove učinioce. U ovom radu govori se o pojmu, karakteristikama i sistematizaciji krivičnih dela protiv službene dužnosti.
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Smuggling and illegal trade as forms of economic crime
Статья научная
Economic crime is a very complex criminological and legal category. The modern economic crime is characterized by a variety of manifestations. It tends to become increasingly better organized which, among other things, makes its detection, the collection of the evidence material and the criminal prosecution of the culprits much more difficult. In view of the importance as well as the complexity of the economic crime subject-matter, this paper discusses smuggling and illegal trade. The research included a criminological analysis of the economic crime, a normative analysis of the criminal acts mentioned above, as well as an analysis of the presence of the adult persons being reported, charged with and convicted of the previously mentioned criminal acts in the total values for the group of criminal acts against economy and at the level of Serbia, for the year of 2019.
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Статья научная
U članku se razmatra sudska praksa koja se odnosi na sniženje naknade štete po odredbama člana 191. i 205. Zakona o obligacionim odnosima i stavova pravne teorije. U zaključku autor iznosi stav u vezi primene člana 191. i 205. Zakona o obligacionim odnosima.
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Статья научная
Odredbe Ugovora o osnivanju EZ dale su samouvereno, nezavisno pravo slobodnog kretanja i jednakog postupanja komunitarnim radnicima. Stvarna priroda ovih prava je, u izvesnoj meri, davanje materijala od strane sekundarnog zakonodavstva, i to posebno od Uredbe 1612/68. Naročito, Uredba 1612/68 pokriva članove porodica komunitarnih radnika koji nisu nigde spomenuti u Ugovoru o osnivanju. Prema preambuli Uredbe 1612/68, eliminacija prepreka slobodi kretanja radnika će zahtevati obezbeđenje 'radnikovog prava da bude spojen sa svojom porodicom i uslova za integraciju takve porodice u zemlji domaćina'. Pri tome, pravo na jednaki tretman u pogledu socijalnih povlastica odnosi se samo na radnike i članove njegove porodice.
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Socijalnopatološke pojave u porodici i njihov uticaj na delinkventno ponašanje maloletnika
Статья научная
Uloga porodice ogleda se u gotovo svim segmentima života dece. Ona direktno utiče na razvoj deteta, odnosno maloletnika, njegovo vaspitanje, način shvatanja životnih okolnosti i ljudskih odnosa, i utiče na njegova postupanja u budućnosti. Specifičnosti psiho-fizičkog stanja u kojem se, s obzirom na uzrast, maloletnici nalaze, doprinose da budu podložniji negativnim uticajima, a posebno ukoliko dolaze unutar same porodice. Destruktivne posledice koje socijalnopatološke pojave ostavljaju na lica koja ih ispoljavaju su evidentne, mnogobrojne i teške, međutim, ne sme se zanemariti njihov uticaj na maloletnike koji u ovakvim porodicama odrastaju.
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Socio-demographic characteristics of traffic offenders
Статья научная
The human factor is regarded as the most significant element in traffic safety. Its complexity and impact on delinquent traffic behavior bring this issue into focus, especially in developing countries. In criminological studies of the causes of traffic delinquency, it is crucial to identify the personality traits of traffic participants that lead to behaviors deviating from socially desirable norms. In other words, it is necessary to point out those characteristics of traffic participants (personality traits, demographic characteristics, attitudes, habits) that contribute to socially deviant behavior and the commission of traffic offenses. The importance of studying these characteristics lies in their application to find adequate measures to influence the behavior of traffic participants and prevent traffic delinquency. This paper analyses the socio-demographic characteristics of traffic offenders in the Republic of Serbia (age, education level and marital status), based on statistical data on traffic offenses for the period 2010- 2019. These characteristics are essential for understanding the social and demographic structure and specific social peculiarities of traffic offenders. Numerous studies have shown that socio-demographic characteristics are significantly positively correlated with safe road user behavior. The results of this research on the socio-demographic characteristics of traffic offenders in Serbia for the period 2010–2019 confirm this conclusion, which is presented in this paper.
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Some remarks on the cultural identity of Bunjevci in Vojvodina
Статья научная
This paper presents some remarks on the cultural identity of the Bunje people or Bunjevci, a national group that has historically undergone a long and difficult journey in preserving their identity. Their struggle – challenging their very existence and fighting for a “rebirth”, including their re-recognition and the restoration of the rights they have held since their arrival in these regions in the 17th century – warrants a place in academic discourse. Although the Bunjevci have been recognized both as a nation and as significant contributors to numerous social and political events since their settlement in these areas, their existence was completely erased by a political decision in Serbia in the mid-20th century. This paper briefly outlines the key elements of the cultural identity of Bunjevci, which sustained them during a period of figurative exile. These include their origin, language, education, and customs, with particular emphasis on their role in some crucial historical events for Serbia. Each of these aspects deserves greater attention, and through this work, we express the need for deeper exploration of these elements, in order to support the Bunjevci in maintaining their permanent status as a national minority.
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Spanish special taxes and the tax harmonization of the European union
Статья научная
If the special taxes have been imposed with a fundamental objective of promoting a consumption limitation of certain products derived from their devastating social or environmental impact, it is necessary to reflect on their high cost produced by the transposition of the EU Directive 2020/262 of the Council, from December 19th, 2019, which establishes a general regime of special taxes and their taxation. If the objective of the aforementioned Directive is to achieve a fiscal harmonization, it is necessary to consider the effects that occur when its application in the Spanish state directly collides with the economic capacities and tax justice, since these principles may be void of a content and threaten to a greater or lesser extent against another basic non-confiscatory tax collection. For this reason, this work will analyze some issues related to its high quantification and the results produced in the EU harmonization line. Taking into account that our constitutional principles may be called into question, there will be raised various questions about a double taxation of the products affected by these taxes, and, how, in its social repercussion, it does not seem to comply with its alleged extra-taxation in terms of its effectiveness.
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Special labour law protection for foster parents and the child in their care
Статья научная
The labour law implications of establishing foster care are reflected in the special protection granted to foster parents in employment. This protection is designed to ensure, with additional and intensive support from society, that a child without parental care, or a child under parental care who has developmental disabilities or behavioural disorders and is temporarily unable to live with their parents, can achieve optimal development in a family environment. The ultimate goal is the child’s return to the biological family, preparation for independent living and work, or the adjustment of protective measures. On the other hand, for the foster parent who directly cares for the child based on the decision of the guardianship authority, it is necessary to facilitate the reconciliation of family responsibilities with obligations towards the employer. This entails occasional leave from work for child care, as well as leave for special child care, job protection, and protection within the framework of working time regulations. This paper is based on the application of legal-dogmatic and comparative-legal methods, and aims to reaffirm the special protection of foster parents in employment, with an overview of the most important aspects of its regulationn at the international and national levels.
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Статья научная
In addition to the expansion of general-type ombudsmen, it has been recognized that, for the protection of citizens’ rights, it is necessary to have the so-called specialized ombudsmen, who focus their activities on administrative oversight and the protection of citizens’ rights in specific areas of social life. Thus, there are public law ombudsmen of an external type, internal ombudsmen, and private law ombudsmen. This paper pays particular attention to the position of the Commissioner for Information of Public Importance and Protection of Personal Data in the Republic of Serbia, who is, in fact, a special public law ombudsman of an external type. The paper discusses this special ombudsman’s complex jurisdiction, which is defined by the Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance and the Law on Personal Data Protection. The authors analyze the competences of this special type of ombudsmеn.
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Specialization of judges for settlement of marriage disputes
Статья научная
The specialization of judges and/or specialized courts, as the reality of modern legal systems, take many forms: a specialized judge dealing with a limited legal area or cases relating to a particular factual situation in certain areas (such as, e.g. family law), specialized councils at existing courts (e.g. family council) or separate special courts (e.g. family courts). Modern family law defines a divorce judge as mediator, controller and protector of children’s interests, as well as of the balance of interests of spouses, whose main role is the consensual and complete regulation of the consequences of the marriage dissolution and, in other cases, the resolution of the divorce dispute by judgement on merits based on all the evidence presented. Such a complex court role requires not only an in-depth knowledge of legal matter but also a multidisciplinary approach to dispute resolution and imposes a specialization requirement in family matters, especially when it comes to high-conflict divorce cases. The subject of this paper is an analysis of the specialization of judges in the resolution of a high-conflict divorce dispute, taking into account all the advantages and disadvantages of specialization of judges, i.e. courts in that matter. Also, the aim of the paper is to consider the possibilities of better and more efficient work of the courts of the Republic of Serbia in this field, as well as the possibilities of specialization of judges in family law or the establishment of special family courts.
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Specific characteristics of digital violence and digital crime
Статья научная
Migration of many aspects of human life and work into the online sphere has become an integral part of everyday life and it is difficult to imagine the functioning of any aspect of life without the Internet and the space in which most human interactions take place. One such large and significant new form has created a large number of smaller ones, and conditioned the transformation of things and phenomena from the physical world into completely new digital forms. The same happened with violence, as a phenomenon, a pattern of behavior and a part of human nature from the very beginnings of civilization, which took its new form being called a digital violence. It does not necessarily have to be online, but it is necessarily related to digital devices. To the problem of digital crime there should be added a digital violence as a contemporary problem, especially when we talk about legal regulatory mechanisms, although these two phenomena, with frequent overlaps, do not necessarily have to be contained in each other, but they are equally important. Online and offline digital spaces represent just a new field in which violence and crimes are committed, but the virtual characteristic of these spaces is only an additional specific feature, because their consequences are felt in the physical, real world, and in that sense, the border between virtual and real is invisible. This paper aims to explore the ontological determinants of violence and digital violence, to identify specific forms of digital violence and digital crime, as well as to analyze existing regulations aimed at combating digital violence and digital crime.
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