Articles. Рубрика в журнале - Pravo - teorija i praksa
Novi koncept usvojenja prema Zakonu o izmenama i dopunama Zakona o porodici Republike Makedonije
Статья
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Novi sustav pravnih lijekova u Ovršnom (izvršnom) zakonu R. Hrvatske
Статья научная
U radu autor obrađuje novi sistem pravnih lekova u hrvatskom građanskom ovršnom (izvršnom) postupku. Posle uvodnih napomena, obrađuju se pravni lekovi protiv odluke javnog ovršitelja (izvršitelja), u okviru čega se posebna pažnja posvećuje: a) žalbi protiv ovršnog naloga, b) žalbi nakon proteka roka, c) odgovor na žalbu, d) odlukama suda o žalbi i e) nepravilnostima u provođenju ovrhe (izvršenja). Nakon toga obrađuju se pravni lekovi protiv odluke javnog beležnika, a u okviru te celine: a) žalba protiv rješenja o ovrsi na temelju vjerodostojne isprave i b) žalba protiv rješenja o ovrsi u delu u kojem se ovršeniku nalaže da namiri tražbinu. Posebna pažnja se posvećuje ovrhi (izvršenju) pred sudom i prigovoru treće osobe, da bi se određena pažnja posvetila i pitanju odgode ovrhe (izvršenja).
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Orientalism as a factor in the development of international law on nuclear security
Статья научная
Orientalism refers to the discursive process through which Western societies construct a spatial imaginary of the “Orient” or the East. This conceptual framework can be useful in analyzing contemporary nuclear relations. The dichotomy between nuclear powers and Third World states stems directly from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), whose provisions established which states were granted the status of nuclear powers. Consequently, all other countries—those that did not possess nuclear weapons at the time the treaty was adopted—were denied such a status. In the decades that followed, several Third World states developed their own nuclear programs, including India, Pakistan, North Korea, Israel, and Iran. Some of these countries never accepted the provisions of the NPT, while others later withdrew from the obligations they had undertaken. This paper investigates the role of Orientalism as a contributing factor in the development of international law on nuclear security. It analyzes how Orientalist viewpoints have shaped the formation of international legal norms, with particular emphasis on their disproportionate effects on Third World states. The paper concludes by underscoring the need to reassess existing paradigms in international relations in order to reduce geopolitical tensions and enhance global nuclear security.
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Pojam 'preduzeća' u pravu Slovačke Republike
Статья научная
Ekonomisti i pravnici vode stručne rasprave o tome, šta je u stvari preduzeće. Ove diskusije ukazuju da među njima postoji različito shvatanje ovog pojma, naročito onda ako se u diskusiji precenjuje ekonomska ili pravna strana. Problem je kako optimalno odrediti ovaj pojam (i pojmove s njim povezane) u zakonu. A to će biti moguće samo onda, ako ekonomisti precizno formulišu njegovu sadržinu a pravnici ovom pojmu odrede preciznu formu i kada će se ovako kreiran pojam nedvosmisleno upotrebljavati u Trgovinskom zakoniku i propisima koji se na njega nadovezuju (računovodstveni, poreski propisi). Sa pravnog aspekta interesantna je diskusija o tome, da li je preduzeće samo objekt ili je i subjekt pravnih odnosa. Mislim da u redovnoj privrednoj delatnosti (npr. zaključivanje ugovora robnog prometa), preduzeće je subjekt pravnih odnosa. Ukoliko se raspolaže sa samim preduzećem (npr. prodaja preduzeća), onda je ono objekt ovih pravnih odnosa, a u prvi plan dolazi vlasnički kriterijum.
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Postupanje Narodnog pravobranioca Republike Makedonije (ombudsmana) u oblasti ekologije
Статья научная
Institucija ombudsmana je prisutna u mnogim zemljama u svetu, kao nezavistan, nepristrasan i objektivan kontrolni mehanizam za zaštitu prava građana u slučaju kada su ona povređena od strane nekog državnog organa. Postoji više vrsta ombudsmana koji se osnivaju na osnovu različitih kriterijuma: parlamentarni, izvršni, ombudsman opšte nadležnosti, specijalni ombudsman itd. Narodni pravobranilac (ombudsman) u Republici Makedoniji je parlamentarni ombudsman opšte nadležnosti, koji štiti prava svih građana između ostalog i u oblasti ekologije, u slučaju kada su ista povređena od strane organa državne uprave i od strane drugih organa i organizacija koje imaju javna ovlašćenja. Polazeći od komparativnih iskustava, u nastojanju da se osnuje specijalizovani ombudsman koji štiti prava određene kategorije građana ili određena prava građana a imajući u vidu i činjenicu da u toj oblasti do sada nije napravljen dovoljno jak sistem zaštite građanskih prava, kao i da se danas sve više javlja potreba da se više pažnje posveti pitanjima zaštite životne sredine, nameće se potreba za osnivanjem i specijalizovanog ombudsmana u oblasti ekologije.
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Prescription of the criminal offense in the law
Статья научная
The prescription of a criminal offense in the law is one of the constitutive elements of a criminal offense. In addition to being legally justified, this element represents a logical method of incriminating specific behavior as a criminal offense. It legally embodies the well-known Latin legal saying nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege, which in translation means there is no crime or punishment without the law. The necessity of prescribing a criminal offense in the law is rooted in legal certainty, which is unattainable without prior knowledge and a clear distinction between permissible and prohibited (incriminated) behavior. Although it has a distant origin, the prescription of a criminal offense in law has often become a convenient tool for political manipulation, particularly through the criminalization of verbal delicts or other offenses against the people and the state. Stricto sensu, authoritarian regimes have applied this principle to secure the appearance of legitimacy and legality for their rule. Consequently, it is essential to examine the prescription of criminal offenses in the law from the perspective of our legislator.
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Статья научная
Na osnovu svega gore navedenog, možemo zaključiti da principi medijacije i njihovo poštovanje u velikoj meri zavise od same ličnosti medijatora, budući da ih on primenjuje u toku celog postupka rešavanja spora u zavisnosti od njegove umešnosti i slobode. Sledstveno tome neophodno je da zakonodavac, sledeći stanje na terenu permanentno interveniše u cilju određivanja sankcija, odnosno da ih propiše tamo gde su one zaista i neophodne. Posebno pažnja treba da se posveti sankcijama koje bi se preduzele protiv medijatora koji ne poštuje principe poverljivosti, neutralnosti i nepristrasnosti, koji se smatraju vodećim pravilima i daju opis njegovog ponašanja u toku posredovanja. Polazeći od nomotehničkog aspekta principi medijacije u velikom broju država uređeni su u okviru posebnog dela Zakona o medijaciji. Ovo s jedne strane daje mogućnost za veću preglednost principa iako to ne znači i veću jasnost i razumljivost, a sa druge strane pak potencira njihov značaj za postupak medijacije. U svakom slučaju neophodno je da su ovi principi definisani na jasan način kako bi mogao i običan građanin sa prosečnim poznavanjem prava da shvati suštinu ovog servisa i njegove prednosti. Pored gore navedenog načina, u okviru nekih država, u kojima ovaj "servis Građana" postoji već duže vreme, principi medijacije nisu posebno definisani već čine sastavni deo samog zakonskog teksta.
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Priznanje i izvršenje stranih sudskih odluka u Bosni i Hercegovini
Статья научная
Značaj priznanja i izvršenja stranih sudskih odluka, kao i posledice koje mogu iz toga proizići poznat je uglavnom jednom užem krugu ljudi koji se kroz pravnu nauku i sudsku praksu bave ovim pitanjem. Kroz ovaj rad dato je objašnjenje pojma strane sudske odluke, kao i uslova koje je neophodno ispuniti da bi se jedna takva odluka mogla priznati i izvršiti pred nekim od nadležnih sudova u Bosni i Hercegovini. Pored mogućnosti da strana sudska odluka bude priznata, postoji i mogućnost da joj se pred domaćim sudom uskrati priznanje kada se za to steknu zakonom propisani uslovi. Osim teorijskog osvrta na ovo pitanje, u radu su data i objašnjenja koja se tiču sudske prakse na teritoriji Bosne i Hercegovine. Na ovaj način želelo se postići da se sa ovim pitanjem upozna ne samo stručna već i šira javnost.
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Procedural specifics in small-value claims litigation
Статья научная
This paper analyzes specific provisions of the Civil Procedure Law concerning procedural rules in small-value claims litigation. Due to the normative redefinition and expansion of the concept of small-value claims litigation, courts of general jurisdiction most often follow the rules applicable to this special procedure. In small-value claims proceedings, the right to legal protection is not exercised through the standard (full) cognitive procedure, but through special rules designed to ensure that these cases are concluded efficiently and economically. Given the limitations in the scope of this paper, the analysis focuses on the specific features that characterize this procedure, which also determined the content of the paper.
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Recent developments of digital constitutionalism in Europe
Статья научная
The influence of modern digital technologies on contemporary constitutional law, both at the national and comparative level, has been steadily increasing. Having emerged in the early 21st century, digital constitutionalism, although one of the youngest categories of public law, significantly affects constitutional principles and values, particularly in Europe. Digital constitutionalism is especially significant because its existence and original development require at least a partial redefinition of constitutional law, particularly in the context of protecting fundamental rights and freedoms. This paper examines the normative framework for the European Digital Constitution (EDC), which encompasses the extensive set of digital law regulations adopted by the European Union (EU) and the Council of Europe (CoE). The paper also analyzes the Venice Commission’s Principles for a Fundamental Rights–Compliant Use of Digital Technologies in Electoral Processes. The concept of the EDC is elaborated, along with its main objectives.
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Статья научная
With the development of technology, especially the emergence and expansion of the internet over the past two decades, many traditional crimes have acquired new methods and means of execution, such as the use of computers, mobile phones, or other devices. In response to these new ways of committing crimes, the international community, within the framework of the Council of Europe, adopted the Budapest Convention in 2001, specifically addressing cybercrime. After ratifying the convention, the domestic legislator passed the Law on the Organization and Competencies of State Bodies for the Fight against High-Tech Crime, incorporating legal provisions from the convention. This law has not been significantly changed or amended since its adoption. However, the provisions in this law, especially in terms of jurisdiction, have proven to be inadequate and overly broad. The wide range of criminal offenses covered by this law has made it relatively ineffective and has overburdened the prosecutor’s office responsible for prosecuting high-tech criminals. Moreover, the approach taken by the legislator in 2005, which concentrated jurisdiction in the High Public Prosecutor’s Office and the High Court in Belgrade, is no longer justifiable in today’s age of widespread technology, internet access, and social networks. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of the Budapest Convention, which served as the foundation for the adoption of national regulations, and to highlight the shortcomings and unsustainability of the legal solutions proposed by the domestic legislator when national regulations in this field were established in 2005.
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Socio-demographic characteristics of traffic offenders
Статья научная
The human factor is regarded as the most significant element in traffic safety. Its complexity and impact on delinquent traffic behavior bring this issue into focus, especially in developing countries. In criminological studies of the causes of traffic delinquency, it is crucial to identify the personality traits of traffic participants that lead to behaviors deviating from socially desirable norms. In other words, it is necessary to point out those characteristics of traffic participants (personality traits, demographic characteristics, attitudes, habits) that contribute to socially deviant behavior and the commission of traffic offenses. The importance of studying these characteristics lies in their application to find adequate measures to influence the behavior of traffic participants and prevent traffic delinquency. This paper analyses the socio-demographic characteristics of traffic offenders in the Republic of Serbia (age, education level and marital status), based on statistical data on traffic offenses for the period 2010- 2019. These characteristics are essential for understanding the social and demographic structure and specific social peculiarities of traffic offenders. Numerous studies have shown that socio-demographic characteristics are significantly positively correlated with safe road user behavior. The results of this research on the socio-demographic characteristics of traffic offenders in Serbia for the period 2010–2019 confirm this conclusion, which is presented in this paper.
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Some remarks on the cultural identity of Bunjevci in Vojvodina
Статья научная
This paper presents some remarks on the cultural identity of the Bunje people or Bunjevci, a national group that has historically undergone a long and difficult journey in preserving their identity. Their struggle – challenging their very existence and fighting for a “rebirth”, including their re-recognition and the restoration of the rights they have held since their arrival in these regions in the 17th century – warrants a place in academic discourse. Although the Bunjevci have been recognized both as a nation and as significant contributors to numerous social and political events since their settlement in these areas, their existence was completely erased by a political decision in Serbia in the mid-20th century. This paper briefly outlines the key elements of the cultural identity of Bunjevci, which sustained them during a period of figurative exile. These include their origin, language, education, and customs, with particular emphasis on their role in some crucial historical events for Serbia. Each of these aspects deserves greater attention, and through this work, we express the need for deeper exploration of these elements, in order to support the Bunjevci in maintaining their permanent status as a national minority.
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Special labour law protection for foster parents and the child in their care
Статья научная
The labour law implications of establishing foster care are reflected in the special protection granted to foster parents in employment. This protection is designed to ensure, with additional and intensive support from society, that a child without parental care, or a child under parental care who has developmental disabilities or behavioural disorders and is temporarily unable to live with their parents, can achieve optimal development in a family environment. The ultimate goal is the child’s return to the biological family, preparation for independent living and work, or the adjustment of protective measures. On the other hand, for the foster parent who directly cares for the child based on the decision of the guardianship authority, it is necessary to facilitate the reconciliation of family responsibilities with obligations towards the employer. This entails occasional leave from work for child care, as well as leave for special child care, job protection, and protection within the framework of working time regulations. This paper is based on the application of legal-dogmatic and comparative-legal methods, and aims to reaffirm the special protection of foster parents in employment, with an overview of the most important aspects of its regulationn at the international and national levels.
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Статья научная
In addition to the expansion of general-type ombudsmen, it has been recognized that, for the protection of citizens’ rights, it is necessary to have the so-called specialized ombudsmen, who focus their activities on administrative oversight and the protection of citizens’ rights in specific areas of social life. Thus, there are public law ombudsmen of an external type, internal ombudsmen, and private law ombudsmen. This paper pays particular attention to the position of the Commissioner for Information of Public Importance and Protection of Personal Data in the Republic of Serbia, who is, in fact, a special public law ombudsman of an external type. The paper discusses this special ombudsman’s complex jurisdiction, which is defined by the Law on Free Access to Information of Public Importance and the Law on Personal Data Protection. The authors analyze the competences of this special type of ombudsmеn.
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The emergence of digital identity as a new legal concept
Статья научная
With the development of modern digital society, the degree of interaction among subjects taking place in the digital space is increasing. This interaction is based on the use of personal data between subjects for the purpose of confirming and verifying their identity. The issue of applying personal identity in the digital space has created the reality of the de facto existence of digital identity as a new form of personal identification. Digital identity is an identity composed of information stored and transmitted in digital form. Therefore, the question arises as to how the new concept of personal identity, as digital identity, can be encompassed by legal rules in order to enable transactions. The authors argue that digital technology calls for a new philosophy of identity. They further argue that digital identity necessarily requires a redefinition of the traditional legal framework. In the following discussion, the paper will examine who may be treated as a legal subject in transactions conducted through digital identity. It will also consider how legal presumptions may change to include new realities, and, most importantly, it will present the legal treatment of the technical structure that constitutes digital identity.
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