Статьи журнала - Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Серия: Техника и технологии
Все статьи: 1404
Статья научная
The aim of the work is to develop techniques for detecting weediness in agricultural crops based on the use of the VARI vegetation index, calculated from the PlanetScope satellite data. The territories of the Krasnoyarsk Agricultural Research Institute of the Federal Research Center of the Krasnoyarsk Science Center of SB RAS near the village Minino (Central Siberia, Krasnoyarsk Region) were used as the object of the research. To calculate the vegetation index VARI of grain crops, the algorithm for receiving and processing PlanetScope satellite data was developed. On its basis, a map of the spatial distribution of the VARI index for wheat crops with various degrees of weediness was made. According to the satellite data of PlanetScope (VARI), possibility to interpret the areas of wheat sowing with a high and low degree of weediness during the growing season is shown. It was revealed that the VARI value of wheat crops with a low degree of infestation is greater than the VARI value of wheat crops with a high degree of infestation.
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Статья научная
There is studied the possibility of increasing the quality of cryptocrystalline graphite which is connected with searching for more complete opening, the aggregates of graphite and ash admixtures. To achieve this purpose, there was used mechanoactivation and microbiological processing. The developed technology including mechanoactivation, sintering, chemical and microbiological processing, allows to reduce the ash content of cryptocrystalline graphite from 20-25 down to 1-10 % depending on the initial quality and the area of using graphite
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Статья научная
A description and capabilities developed computer models on research of methods developed high-precision navigation used in the software and hardware complex modeling processes positioning and measurement of the spatial orientation of the spacecraft at the low orbit and the GSO.
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Статья научная
The effect of hydrorefining of heavy coal semicoking tar on its composition and efficiency for bituminous coal dissolution was studied. It was found that the concentration of the oxygen-bearing compounds decreased as a result of catalytic hydrotreating with hydrogen or with hydrogen donors. This resulted in improved dissolving power. However, best result in coal dissolution was achieved when heavy semicoking tar was blended with the anthracene oil. The products obtained represented at ambient temperature solid pitch-like matter with the softening points of 124 to 138 °С (“ring and ball” method). It was composed of mainly bi- and three-cyclic aromatics, the content of quinoline-insolubles being less than 6 %, and the ash content less than 0.5 %.
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Thermodynamic stability of intermetallic compounds in technical aluminum
Статья научная
For the following systems Al-Ti, Al-Ni, Al-Zr, Al-Cr, Al-Fe, Al-V the wide range of intermetallic compounds based on aluminum was considered. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs energy and formation enthalpy characterizing the properties of resulting intermetallic compounds were calculated. The relations of these two characteristics versus temperature were established in a wide range. On the basis of the obtained relations the comparative assessment of the compound stability for each binary system was carried out. The level of each intermetallic compound stability was revealed on the ground of the affinity with aluminum. The possibilities of practical application of obtained data for actual metallurgical tasks were defi ned.
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Time deviations of physical properties of natural minerals
Статья научная
The opportunity of inversion the spin is shown at the several of configuration of defects in the second coordination of sphere. The principle of calculation of energy of cationic vacancies is offered. The condition of splitting of single levels of cationic vacancies in the power zone is certain. It is proved, that inversion the spin - result of transition of vacancy on an extrinsic level.
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Статья научная
trace elements in agate from Permian volcanics (Nowy Kościoł, Poland) in low concentrations and with high spatial resolution. The used LA-ICP-MS system consists of a DUV 193 laser ablation system linked to a Thermo Finnigan Element 2 mass spectrometer. The use of a 193 nm ArF excimer laser (50-200 mJ energy output) and the standards NIST 611 and NIST 612 enables to produce and analyse small crater diameters down to 5 μm. Trace-element profiles have been analyzed for the elements Ti, Ge, Al, Fe, Mn, U, Th, Ba, Sr, Rb, Cs, and Y in the ppm- and sub-ppm level. The concentrations of the REE are sometimes below the detection limit of the method. Almost all elements (except Cu) display higher contents in chalcedony than in the macrocrystalline quartz. Fe, for instance, shows a 100 times higher concentration in agate bands compared to quartz, which may be due to finely distributed iron oxide particles in the chalcedony which probably act as colour pigments. The trace elements in agate are released simultaneously with Si during alteration of the surrounding volcanic rocks. Oxygen isotope data indicate that silica accumulation and agate formation took place at temperatures below 120°C. The characteristic trace-element distribution patterns in agate result from a self-purification process during crystallization of chalcedony and quartz from a silica gel.
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Статья научная
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was applied to detect trace elements in agate from Permian volcanics (Nowy Kościoł, Poland) in low concentrations and with high spatial resolution. The used LA-ICP-MS system consists of a DUV 193 laser ablation system linked to a Thermo Finnigan Element 2 mass spectrometer. The use of a 193 nm ArF excimer laser (50-200 mJ energy output) and the standards NIST 611 and NIST 612 enables to produce and analyse small crater diameters down to 5 μm. Trace-element profiles have been analyzed for the elements Ti, Ge, Al, Fe, Mn, U, Th, Ba, Sr, Rb, Cs, and Y in the ppm- and sub-ppm level. The concentrations of the REE are sometimes below the detection limit of the method. Almost all elements (except Cu) display higher contents in chalcedony than in the macrocrystalline quartz. Fe, for instance, shows a 100 times higher concentration in agate bands compared to quartz, which may be due to finely distributed iron oxide particles in the chalcedony which probably act as colour pigments. The trace elements in agate are released simultaneously with Si during alteration of the surrounding volcanic rocks. Oxygen isotope data indicate that silica accumulation and agate formation took place at temperatures below 120°C. The characteristic trace-element distribution patterns in agate result from a self-purification process during crystallization of chalcedony and quartz from a silica gel.
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Traffic noise forecasting on Tashkent city main streets
Статья научная
Traffic noise is considered to be the most important that must be eliminated within the environmental problems of cities, as well as lead to various diseases of the population living in the roadside area. The article analyzes the work done to date on this topic, and for the first time examines the relationship between traffic flow and its impact on the noise level, which is the main source of traffic noise on the main streets of Tashkent. Traffic noise measured by GOST 20444-2014 «Noise. Traffic flow. According to» methods of measuring noise description « conducted in the 1 class NORSONIC140(Nor140) noise according to GOST17187-2010(IES61672-2002). Also, on the basis of the research, a model for forecasting traffic noise on the main streets of Tashkent was developed and compared with other models.
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Статья научная
At present, the process of converting potential energy concentrated in the surrounding air is of considerable interest when using its active component. For many years, searches have been made for ways to increase the efficiency of existing energy sources, the continued study of which would not lead to environmental consequences for mankind. Much attention of scientists is attracted by the problems of energy inversion. And the most acute issue is the control of energy inversion, which is a single process of energy transformation from one state to another, occurring simultaneously in the “concentration-dispersion” format in the surrounding air. This kind of opportunity to use ambient air as renewable energy sources is provided by air heat pump systems, the heat supply of which is practically the only effective, environmentally friendly source of heat supply in buildings at present. However, modern air heat pump systems cannot be attributed to systems operating only on renewable energy sources, since their operation requires, according to the technology, a certain amount of electrical energy to start the compressor engine, which ensures the operation of a closed compression cycle of the evaporative-condensation unit. At present, it is not possible to achieve a full autonomous mode of operation of an air heat pump system without the use of an additional energy source. Continuing the innovative and effective way of developing the extraction of the surrounding air for the purpose of obtaining thermal and electrical energy, scientists propose to use the capabilities of modern quantum wave technology, based on thermodynamics and electrodynamics. To solve this problem, they followed the path of development of modern electronics, realizing that electrons - “quanta” determine the vast majority of the physical and chemical properties of the bodies around us. Such a process of heat and mass transfer, in the conditions of the surrounding air, under the influence of external forces of the energy field, is the environment in which natural and artificial electric currents propagate.
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Tsunami chronology supporting late Holocene impacts
Статья научная
The Holocene Impact Working Group (HIWG) has identified the location of at least eight impacts into the worlds oceans in the Late Holocene. Each of these was capable of generating large tsunami that should have left a geological footprint on adjacent shorelines. We have identified from shoreline tsunami deposits five known impact events (Fig. 1), two of which are associated with impact craters identified by the HIWG. The other three are associated with legends and historical descriptions. This paper presents the chronology of tsunami events in New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA)-on opposite coasts of Australia, and in the UK that are linked to impact events.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the unique alloy on the basis of titanium nickelide with thermomechanical shape memory. It is spoken in detail about the alloy’s memory effect phenomenology. The main reasons constraining the application of alloys with shape memory in the production technologies in different branches of technology, including constructing industry are reflected. The effi cient area of possible application of that kind of alloys is shown. In this article is also proposed a method of calculation of power elements, executed from titanium nickelide alloy, and also the examples of alloy’s application in practice. It is shown that the offered technique of a preliminary temperature cycling of power elements made of titanium nickelide allows to reach the maximum possible straining and power characteristics.
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Use of the cluster analysis and artificial neural network technology for log data interpretation
Статья научная
Methods of the cluster analysis and artificial neural networks implemented in Schlumberger Techlog software modules were used for processing and interpretation of data on wells from the Verkhnechonskoe Oil and Gas Condensate Field. It was demonstrated that clusterization of data allows for significant improvement in reliability and accuracy of lithotype determinations as well as porosity and permeability of rocks.
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Using ground-based spectrometry for operational monitoring of crop yields
Статья научная
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between crop yields and total chlorophyll potential of different barley and oats cultivars. For this purpose, we used the spectra of grain crops obtained from ground-based remote sensing, and laboratory data. Ground-based data were obtained at the experimental fields located in the Krasnoyarskii Krai. Experiments were carried out in different seasons and under various lighting conditions. Spectral measurements were done with a double-beam spectrophotometer. It was installed on the mobile work platform at heights of 5 to 18 m. The study showed good correlation between crop yields and total chlorophyll potential for barley and oats cultivars.
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Using moving variance method to detect ocean currents from space
Статья научная
This research based on using of moving variance method is directed on detection of global ocean currents and other dynamic processes using multi satellite data. This method is based on the statistical treatment of seasonal composites of sea surface temperature and phytoplankton pigments concentration satellite imagery. Digital map of ocean currents and oceanic frontal features was generated using moving variance method. Special software using IDL language for statistical treatment was developed.
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Using of electromagnetic and acoustic interaction for submarine telecommunications
Статья научная
The article describes the potentiality of submarine reception of radio signals emitted by shore radio transmitter with a horizontal antenna in the wavelength range based on interaction radio and acoustic waves in skin-layer.
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Using the city’s surveillance cameras to create a visual sensor network to detect fires
Статья научная
One of the most destructive natural disasters that harms both the environment and human life is fire. They jeopardize human life and public safety in addition to causing enormous material damages. The development of an effective system for identifying city fires is the aim of this project. An AI method for enhancing fire detection operations is the YOLOv5 model. For precise and effective fire detection, city cameras are turned into a visual sensor network based on the YOLOv5 paradigm. This system scans camera footage to determine the specific location and presence of fires using deep learning technologies. WebRTC technology is also used to send fire alarms. WebRTC enables direct and efficient communication between the system and observers. Combining YOLOv5 and WebRTC with a visual sensor network can enhance and increase the effectiveness of early fire detection and response operations. This study presents a system for early identification of fire incidents in cities, at a low costby taking advantage of the existing surveillance camera infrastructure.
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Utilization slurry coal-water fuel
Статья научная
The opportunity of technological and modified lignosulphonate wastes, process water, oxygenized brown coal with high content huminic acid (to 60 %) with alkali usage as plasticizer agent in the coal-water slurry (CWS) production technological process was checked. The CWS stability scheme in alkali additives interaction was suggested. The bituminous and brown coal mixture (10 : 90) CWS was investigated. The anthracite and brown coal relation is from 5 to 95. The discovered regularities demonstrated the slurry properties optimization opportunity in industrial conditions by combined changing of additive quantity and coal physical-chemical composition. The suggested CWS production technology allows solving some questions of ecological safety and resource-saving at the expense of the sources of raw materials assortment expansion. The CWS production industrial scheme on production run equipment without its modernization is developed.
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Variability of circular depolarization ratio in radar sensing of the medium filled with hydrometeors
Статья научная
Circularly polarized waves are most sensitive to the influence of the propagation medium factors such as differential phase shift and differential attenuation. The reason of that is a feature of the wave polarization transformation. Such circumstances require consideration during designing radars working with circularly polarized waves. The aim of the study is to develop of approach for estimating the effect of the wave polarization transformation on a value of one of the most informative parameters based on the use of Jones vector component functional dependence on a polarization ellipse orientation angle and ellipticity angle. The task of this work is obtaining the analytical equation for the determination of that polarimetric radar informative parameter. As a result, the solution for the case of wave backscatter by the propagation medium was obtained when the medium basis orientation differs from the radar basis orientation. The estimation of the circular depolarization ratio providing the determination of regions with its raised value was obtained.
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Working out of resource-saving technology of enrichment of phosphate-raremetall ores
Статья научная
Possibility of complex use of phosphate-raremetall ores of the Tatar deposit is proved. Results of researches of crystal-chemical features of the minerals which are a part of rejects of electric separation of ore-dressing plant of the Tatar deposit ores on which basis perspective reagents are chosen are stated. Law of action of the chosen reagents on minerals of electric separation rejects is established. On the reagents which have given the best indicators of flotation on monofractions, researches on rejects of factory with use of the multilevel factorial plan 33⁄9 are conducted. It is received an apatite concentrate with the maintenance of Р2О5 39,9 % at extraction of 98,5 %.
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