Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Серия: Техника и технологии @technologies-sfu
Статьи журнала - Журнал Сибирского федерального университета. Серия: Техника и технологии
Все статьи: 1471
Статья научная
Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was applied to detect trace elements in agate from Permian volcanics (Nowy Kościoł, Poland) in low concentrations and with high spatial resolution. The used LA-ICP-MS system consists of a DUV 193 laser ablation system linked to a Thermo Finnigan Element 2 mass spectrometer. The use of a 193 nm ArF excimer laser (50-200 mJ energy output) and the standards NIST 611 and NIST 612 enables to produce and analyse small crater diameters down to 5 μm. Trace-element profiles have been analyzed for the elements Ti, Ge, Al, Fe, Mn, U, Th, Ba, Sr, Rb, Cs, and Y in the ppm- and sub-ppm level. The concentrations of the REE are sometimes below the detection limit of the method. Almost all elements (except Cu) display higher contents in chalcedony than in the macrocrystalline quartz. Fe, for instance, shows a 100 times higher concentration in agate bands compared to quartz, which may be due to finely distributed iron oxide particles in the chalcedony which probably act as colour pigments. The trace elements in agate are released simultaneously with Si during alteration of the surrounding volcanic rocks. Oxygen isotope data indicate that silica accumulation and agate formation took place at temperatures below 120°C. The characteristic trace-element distribution patterns in agate result from a self-purification process during crystallization of chalcedony and quartz from a silica gel.
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Traffic noise forecasting on Tashkent city main streets
Статья научная
Traffic noise is considered to be the most important that must be eliminated within the environmental problems of cities, as well as lead to various diseases of the population living in the roadside area. The article analyzes the work done to date on this topic, and for the first time examines the relationship between traffic flow and its impact on the noise level, which is the main source of traffic noise on the main streets of Tashkent. Traffic noise measured by GOST 20444-2014 «Noise. Traffic flow. According to» methods of measuring noise description « conducted in the 1 class NORSONIC140(Nor140) noise according to GOST17187-2010(IES61672-2002). Also, on the basis of the research, a model for forecasting traffic noise on the main streets of Tashkent was developed and compared with other models.
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Статья научная
At present, the process of converting potential energy concentrated in the surrounding air is of considerable interest when using its active component. For many years, searches have been made for ways to increase the efficiency of existing energy sources, the continued study of which would not lead to environmental consequences for mankind. Much attention of scientists is attracted by the problems of energy inversion. And the most acute issue is the control of energy inversion, which is a single process of energy transformation from one state to another, occurring simultaneously in the “concentration-dispersion” format in the surrounding air. This kind of opportunity to use ambient air as renewable energy sources is provided by air heat pump systems, the heat supply of which is practically the only effective, environmentally friendly source of heat supply in buildings at present. However, modern air heat pump systems cannot be attributed to systems operating only on renewable energy sources, since their operation requires, according to the technology, a certain amount of electrical energy to start the compressor engine, which ensures the operation of a closed compression cycle of the evaporative-condensation unit. At present, it is not possible to achieve a full autonomous mode of operation of an air heat pump system without the use of an additional energy source. Continuing the innovative and effective way of developing the extraction of the surrounding air for the purpose of obtaining thermal and electrical energy, scientists propose to use the capabilities of modern quantum wave technology, based on thermodynamics and electrodynamics. To solve this problem, they followed the path of development of modern electronics, realizing that electrons - “quanta” determine the vast majority of the physical and chemical properties of the bodies around us. Such a process of heat and mass transfer, in the conditions of the surrounding air, under the influence of external forces of the energy field, is the environment in which natural and artificial electric currents propagate.
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Tsunami chronology supporting late Holocene impacts
Статья научная
The Holocene Impact Working Group (HIWG) has identified the location of at least eight impacts into the worlds oceans in the Late Holocene. Each of these was capable of generating large tsunami that should have left a geological footprint on adjacent shorelines. We have identified from shoreline tsunami deposits five known impact events (Fig. 1), two of which are associated with impact craters identified by the HIWG. The other three are associated with legends and historical descriptions. This paper presents the chronology of tsunami events in New South Wales (NSW) and Western Australia (WA)-on opposite coasts of Australia, and in the UK that are linked to impact events.
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Статья научная
The article deals with the unique alloy on the basis of titanium nickelide with thermomechanical shape memory. It is spoken in detail about the alloy’s memory effect phenomenology. The main reasons constraining the application of alloys with shape memory in the production technologies in different branches of technology, including constructing industry are reflected. The effi cient area of possible application of that kind of alloys is shown. In this article is also proposed a method of calculation of power elements, executed from titanium nickelide alloy, and also the examples of alloy’s application in practice. It is shown that the offered technique of a preliminary temperature cycling of power elements made of titanium nickelide allows to reach the maximum possible straining and power characteristics.
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Use of the cluster analysis and artificial neural network technology for log data interpretation
Статья научная
Methods of the cluster analysis and artificial neural networks implemented in Schlumberger Techlog software modules were used for processing and interpretation of data on wells from the Verkhnechonskoe Oil and Gas Condensate Field. It was demonstrated that clusterization of data allows for significant improvement in reliability and accuracy of lithotype determinations as well as porosity and permeability of rocks.
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Статья научная
The study reports results of analyzing the dynamics of forest vegetation phenology associated with climate change in Siberia (the Stolby National Park, Krasnoyarsk Krai). Correlations between the start of growing season (SOS) and land surface temperature (LST) in March, April, May, and June and between the end of growing season (EOS) and LST in August and September have been analyzed. Regions where the growing season of forest vegetation tends to increase have been revealed. The study shows that the longer growing season of forest vegetation is associated with the earlier start of the season, which is correlated with the rise in April air temperature. The later end of growing season of forest vegetation is determined by higher temperatures in both August and September
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Using ground-based spectrometry for operational monitoring of crop yields
Статья научная
The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between crop yields and total chlorophyll potential of different barley and oats cultivars. For this purpose, we used the spectra of grain crops obtained from ground-based remote sensing, and laboratory data. Ground-based data were obtained at the experimental fields located in the Krasnoyarskii Krai. Experiments were carried out in different seasons and under various lighting conditions. Spectral measurements were done with a double-beam spectrophotometer. It was installed on the mobile work platform at heights of 5 to 18 m. The study showed good correlation between crop yields and total chlorophyll potential for barley and oats cultivars.
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Using moving variance method to detect ocean currents from space
Статья научная
This research based on using of moving variance method is directed on detection of global ocean currents and other dynamic processes using multi satellite data. This method is based on the statistical treatment of seasonal composites of sea surface temperature and phytoplankton pigments concentration satellite imagery. Digital map of ocean currents and oceanic frontal features was generated using moving variance method. Special software using IDL language for statistical treatment was developed.
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Using of electromagnetic and acoustic interaction for submarine telecommunications
Статья научная
The article describes the potentiality of submarine reception of radio signals emitted by shore radio transmitter with a horizontal antenna in the wavelength range based on interaction radio and acoustic waves in skin-layer.
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Using the city’s surveillance cameras to create a visual sensor network to detect fires
Статья научная
One of the most destructive natural disasters that harms both the environment and human life is fire. They jeopardize human life and public safety in addition to causing enormous material damages. The development of an effective system for identifying city fires is the aim of this project. An AI method for enhancing fire detection operations is the YOLOv5 model. For precise and effective fire detection, city cameras are turned into a visual sensor network based on the YOLOv5 paradigm. This system scans camera footage to determine the specific location and presence of fires using deep learning technologies. WebRTC technology is also used to send fire alarms. WebRTC enables direct and efficient communication between the system and observers. Combining YOLOv5 and WebRTC with a visual sensor network can enhance and increase the effectiveness of early fire detection and response operations. This study presents a system for early identification of fire incidents in cities, at a low costby taking advantage of the existing surveillance camera infrastructure.
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Utilization slurry coal-water fuel
Статья научная
The opportunity of technological and modified lignosulphonate wastes, process water, oxygenized brown coal with high content huminic acid (to 60 %) with alkali usage as plasticizer agent in the coal-water slurry (CWS) production technological process was checked. The CWS stability scheme in alkali additives interaction was suggested. The bituminous and brown coal mixture (10 : 90) CWS was investigated. The anthracite and brown coal relation is from 5 to 95. The discovered regularities demonstrated the slurry properties optimization opportunity in industrial conditions by combined changing of additive quantity and coal physical-chemical composition. The suggested CWS production technology allows solving some questions of ecological safety and resource-saving at the expense of the sources of raw materials assortment expansion. The CWS production industrial scheme on production run equipment without its modernization is developed.
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Variability of circular depolarization ratio in radar sensing of the medium filled with hydrometeors
Статья научная
Circularly polarized waves are most sensitive to the influence of the propagation medium factors such as differential phase shift and differential attenuation. The reason of that is a feature of the wave polarization transformation. Such circumstances require consideration during designing radars working with circularly polarized waves. The aim of the study is to develop of approach for estimating the effect of the wave polarization transformation on a value of one of the most informative parameters based on the use of Jones vector component functional dependence on a polarization ellipse orientation angle and ellipticity angle. The task of this work is obtaining the analytical equation for the determination of that polarimetric radar informative parameter. As a result, the solution for the case of wave backscatter by the propagation medium was obtained when the medium basis orientation differs from the radar basis orientation. The estimation of the circular depolarization ratio providing the determination of regions with its raised value was obtained.
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Voice control of multiple devices based on speech
Статья научная
This paper presents a system that employs the use of speech technology to control electronic devices attached to PC. The work in this paper is implemented in two major phases. Phase one is the software part of the system. Its role is to accept voice signal from a microphone attached to the PC and perform speech recognition on the signal, determine operating commands from the recognized phrases and control devices attached to the computer ports. Phase two is hardware logic circuit connected between the PC’s printer port and the devices being controlled. This logic circuit which is implemented using simple logic gates performs addressing and control mode for the electronic devices being controlled. The system runs on windows vista operating system and it is capable of authenticating users and validating their action. User response for the system is provided in both voice response and graphic display messages.
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Working out of resource-saving technology of enrichment of phosphate-raremetall ores
Статья научная
Possibility of complex use of phosphate-raremetall ores of the Tatar deposit is proved. Results of researches of crystal-chemical features of the minerals which are a part of rejects of electric separation of ore-dressing plant of the Tatar deposit ores on which basis perspective reagents are chosen are stated. Law of action of the chosen reagents on minerals of electric separation rejects is established. On the reagents which have given the best indicators of flotation on monofractions, researches on rejects of factory with use of the multilevel factorial plan 33⁄9 are conducted. It is received an apatite concentrate with the maintenance of Р2О5 39,9 % at extraction of 98,5 %.
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Статья научная
В статье рассмотрены возможные способы повышения качества ремонтного литья. Проанализирован применяемый на предприятии СО2-процесс и сделан вывод о невозможности обеспечения качества литья. Модернизацию технологии изготовления стержней авторы предлагают на основе использования «холодных» стержней как наиболее подходящего для данного типа производства.
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Авиакосмические системы и технологии в дистанционном зондировании Земли
Статья научная
Описываются многолетние исследования природных образований Земли в оптическом диапазоне длин волн. Рассматриваются результаты разработки и создания приборов и видеоспектральных систем наземного, авиационного и космического базирования для изучения земной поверхности спектральными методами, лабораторные и полетные калибровки аппаратуры.
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Автокомпенсация реактивной мощности в электрических сетях
Статья научная
Целью работы является оценка влияния каскада трансформаторов и шунтирующих реакторов на реактивную мощность в сети при симметричной нагрузке. Установлено, что любая фаза является источником реактивной мощности двух других фаз. И наоборот, любые две фазы являются источником реактивной мощности третьей фазы. Таким образом, при симметричной нагрузке происходит самокомпенсация реактивной мощности. Каскад трансформаторов представлен их упрощенными схемами замещения (без учета рассеяний). Если трансформаторы идентичны, то поток реактивной мощности от нагрузки делится между ними на равные части. Поэтому поток реактивной мощности на внешнем участке в три раза меньше, чем на внутреннем участке. В соответствии с этим в реальной сети с ростом числа трансформаторных подстанций и шунтирующих реакторов поток реактивной мощности по мере удаления от нагрузки существенно уменьшается.
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Статья научная
В статье предложен вариант рабочего места в составе комплекса измерительных приборов, предназначенного для автоматизированного исследования частотных характеристик СВЧфильтров. При разработке СВЧ-фильтров необходимо контролировать их параметры. Чаще всего для контроля частотных свойств СВЧ-фильтров используют стандартные приборы - векторные анализаторы цепей. Однако новые технологии изготовления СВЧ-фильтров, направленные на улучшение частотно-селективных характеристик и миниатюризацию конструкции, не позволяют провести всесторонние исследования только с помощью одного векторного анализатора цепей. В основном это связано с недостаточным динамическим диапазоном векторных анализаторов цепей, что не дает возможность качественно измерить такие параметры, как затухание в полосах заграждения фильтров. С этой проблемой можно легко справиться, используя генератор сигналов с повышенным уровнем выходной мощности и анализатор спектра. Для всестороннего исследования характеристик СВЧ-фильтров предложена комбинация методов измерения параметров СВЧ-фильтров, где основные характеристики будут измеряться в полосе пропускания с помощью векторного анализатора цепей, а параметры полос заграждения - с помощью генератора сигналов и анализатора спектра. При связи приборов в сеть под управлением специального программного обеспечения получена гибкая и удобная система для автоматизированного исследования характеристик СВЧ-фильтров.
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Агломерационная флокуляция как способ извлечения золота из техногенных месторождений
Статья научная
Предложены процессы на основе агломерационной флокуляции для извлечения золота из техногенных месторождений, образовавшихся при обогащении руд на золотоизвлекательных фабриках (ЗИФ). Исследования выполнены на двух пробах хвостов ЗИФ, работающих по гравитационно-гидрометаллургической и гравитационно-флотационной технологиям. В ходе работы изучено распределение золота по классам крупности, вещественный состав хвостов Коммунаровской и Артёмовской ЗИФ. Показано, что предлагаемые процессы обеспечивают извлечение золота из проб на 74,8 и 81,4 % при степенях концентрации металла 27 и 10 соответственно.
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