Статьи журнала - Вестник Пермского университета. Российская и зарубежная филология
Все статьи: 1189
Author and authority in the work of Vladimir Sorokin
Статья научная
The article traces the dynamics of Sorokin`s art from Ochered` with its innovative poetics to the mature dystopian works Den` oprichnika and Sakharnyi Kreml`. Among other observations on Sorokin`s style and his literary universe, the author focuses on allusions and references to Russian literature (from Andrei Platonov and Evgenii Zamiatin to Solzhenitsyn and Vasilii Grossman), and draws analogies between Sorokin`s works and Alexander Sokurov's films showing that the writer and the film director view post-Soviet Russia as history's end-game. The author also explains the structure of Sorokin's "dialogue" with Russian classical literature, and ways in which the writer represents concepts and images from Russian literature in his novels and screenplays (Mishen`, Den oprichnika).
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Back to the future: the British national corpus
Статья научная
The article is devoted to student research opportunities within one of the largest language resources – the British National Corpus. The user-friendly annotations of this rich collection make it possible to effectively apply to the BNC for both research and English language learning. The British National Corpus is well-known as a completed project, it was created in 1990s, and since then it has been regarded as one of the largest and most varied corpora of spoken and written data yet compiled. In this article, we reintroduce some issues of the British National Corpus in its modernized BYU architecture of the year of 2012, in sense of new software applications for computer-assisted language research and language learning. The article provides some accessible research samples for students coming to empirical linguistics. The article is written within post-doc research of the ERANET MUNDUS project, at the University of Barcelona, Spain.
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Concerning the stylistic peculiarities of H.H. Munro's short stories
Статья научная
The present paper is devoted to the analysis of stylistic devices which play an important role in H. H. Munro’s (Saki’s) short stories. The author singles out two main stylistic patterns in Saki’s short stories: distortion of collocations and idiomatic expressions, and extensive use of formal lexis in describing trivial and banal situations. There are five types of texts in the classification of Saki’s short stories introduced in the article; the classification is based on the role and function of the marked units used in the short stories. The stylistic patterns of Saki’s prose are in keeping with the aesthetic tendencies reflected in the works by O. Wilde, A. Beardsley, R. Firbank and other authors.
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Contrastive analysis of English, Russian, and Hebrew “black” idioms
Статья научная
The work aims to collect and analyze English, Russian, and Hebrew idioms with the lexeme black/черный/ שחור (hereinafter - BLIS). It is the first study implementing the collection of Hebrew idioms and the comparison of these three languages as the subject of scientific research. The article proposes a systematization of BLIS based on microsystems consisting of meaning associative chains with logically and semantically related meanings. The material under study comprises about 440 idioms (including about 180 English, 160 Russian, and 100 Hebrew idioms) collected from trilingual electronic lexical, phraseological sources, and Internet searches. The study used qualitative and quantitative contextual-functional, semantic, and cultural- linguistic analyses within the lingua culturological approach. After compiling lists of idioms, identifying their meanings, and comparing them, the author created a table with groups of equivalent and unique BLIS. The microsystem of equivalent BLIS consists of three groups of associative chains: 1. The optical color of the object. 1.1. Nature. Natural phenomena, physical objects - Resources; Flora - Fauna; Body - Skin color. 1.2. Human activity. Etalon color - Black and white image; Clothing: Official - Mourning - Military; Food, beverages; Medicine - Drugs; Board games - Competition - Sports; Hybrid war: Disinformation - Secret operations; Economy - Profit - Employment; Vote; Computers, devices; Typography; Art: Literature - Music - Morbid Humor. 1.3. Intellectual, mental, and moral problems. Clarity - intellectual activity; Unpredictable event - Exception; Prohibition versus permission; Unsuccessful, Difficult - Depression, Pessimism; Ruinous - Illegal; Magic. The proposed classification covers physical, mental characteristics, and a large number of human activity areas, and allows the inclusion of new BLIS in the future. These results can be effectively used in L2 teaching, in human and especially in automatic translation. The described equivalent metaphors prove the common features in the linguocultural picture of the world, and unique BLIS complement this picture, which is important for intercultural communication and automatic translation of idioms.
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Corpus-based analysis of French and English neologisms in media discourse
Статья научная
Language development is an ongoing process, and changes occur at all levels of the language. This article discusses the changes in the lexical composition of French and English, namely neologisms. Media discourse was chosen as the material for the study because it is characterized by a high dynamism of changes and reflects, interprets many new phenomena of objective reality, with new language structures used to describe them. The study was based on linguistic data from Néoveille and WebCorp platforms. In addition to quantitative and distributive methods, a qualitative and component analysis of neologisms was applied to their word-formation models and connotations. In 2022 the most frequent neologisms in French were personnes-années, demies-journées, grande-reporters, and tout-mots, in English - liveaboard, micromobility, effective altruism, and tomato flu. Additionally, some neologisms were analyzed in context. In 2022 metaphorical neologisms were found to be more common in English than in French. Neologisms appear more often in contexts that are related to technology and politics. Based on the study, lists of the most common neologisms were compiled, which can be used in the teaching of foreign languages at high levels. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to further study neologisms that appear in different languages and the ways of detecting them in various texts because, despite the high level of development of the tools of computational and corpus linguistics, their methods and tools still have limitations and shortcomings that require an expert assessment of the results obtained.
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Don’t omit –s!: a common grammatical error of Chinese speakers of English
Статья научная
The paper presents an analysis of the common grammatical error of Taiwanese students in oral English, namely the omission of the final suffix -s in its three grammatical functions, especially in the 3 rd person singular. The major causes of this error are studied in this paper and further divided into two main categories, the grammatical and phonetic one. The omission of -s is primarily considered as interference error or “negative transfer” caused by non-inflectional nature of the Chinese language. In the article, the author emphasizes a role of the teacher in the selection of a suitable teaching method for this grammatical rule considering the phonological features of the final bound, inflectional morpheme -s in English, and linguistic features of the native language.
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Figurative language in translation of Taiwanese commercial advertisement
Статья научная
This study is an analysis of Taiwanese companies’ promotional texts. The products advertised include computer programs and games, high-tech computer equipment, machinery, spare parts for cars, LEDs, cosmetics, and other goods for distribution in Russian-speaking markets of CIS countries. Therefore, the target language (TL) of translation was Russian. The researcher has been collecting Taiwanese promotional translation texts for over ten years. This research utilizes an empirical inductive method and is supported by relevant translation theories such as Skopostheorie by Vermeer [1989] and re-contextualization theory by House [2008]. The article analyzes the difficulties in translating promotional materials from Chinese as the source language (SL) into English as the intermediary language (IL) and then from English into Russian as the target language (TL). The article demonstrates how an intercultural competence can be developed in doing international business when there are language barriers. Data analysis has revealed that Taiwanese promotional texts frequently use epithets, metaphors, idioms, sayings and proverbs which are integral to Chinese culture and speech. This type of figurative language is often difficult to translate due to cultural differences and lack of equivalent meanings or insufficient encyclopedic knowledge. In order to accurately convey the essence of the text translated, deliver effective promotional materials, and maintain the attractiveness of the product being advertised for the companies and their end users, a translator must become an intercultural mediator. This research will provide a greater insight into the interlingual and intercultural challenges and offer translation strategies that can assist translators in producing more accurate translations and maintaining more positive intercultural relations between Taiwan and other countries. This intercultural research will contribute to a greater understanding of how Taiwanese products can be better promoted in Russian-speaking markets.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to two novels by Walter Scott in which the writer demonstrates his vision of the late Middle Ages having taken France and Scotland as bright examples. In these works, Scott, both at the level of the general concept, which reflects his understanding of historical progress, and at the level of the images of the novels and their narratives, reconstructs socio-political and moral-psychological role of the standoff between chivalry and town communities in the dynamic of the time. The novels convincingly show the peculiarity of the late stage of Scott’s creative work, when the narrative importance of the love-adventure knot in the plot increases, as does the role of real historical figures. In the after 1819 Scott’s novel, more obvious is the writer’s desire to embody his understanding of historical laws, based on a mixture of conservative and progressive assessments of the dynamics of history. He does it with the help of both the narrator’s comments and digressions, often constructed as a talk between a historian, an expert in the times under analysis, and a reader, and the central images of the novels. For the ideological and artistic wholeness of the works, the collective images of Liege and Perth, presented by means of a ‘general plan’ and bright individualized images of citizens, are fundamentally important. Colourful and at the same time super important for the historisophical idea of the novels are the images of the ‘outgoing class’ - chivalry: in each of them, the degree of ‘falling out’ of the dynamics of history is emphasized and becomes character-forming. At the same time, the article accentuates, especially in The Fair Maid of Perth, the author’s idea of changing not only economic but also moral leader in the late Middle Ages: the defining role is gradually passed on to the townspeople. In this respect, the image of Catharine Glover, the titular heroine, acts in the novel as the writer’s ‘Reasoner’. The article also traces the nature of the coexistence of romantic and adventurous (in relation to the novel about Perth - romantic and Gothic) and socio-psychological principles of creating the ‘image of the era’.
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Статья научная
In this case study we present two near-synonymous concepts which reflect the human outlook. The aim of this work is to define the most appropriate one for its usage in the further investigations on semantics of ordering and enumerative units. Being unconscious and objective, these units exist irrespectively of the observer and can be defined by distinctions and oppositions. From this point of view we get LIST and CATALOG as near-synonymous words seeking to identify the factors that determine the choice of a concept by objective and semantic criteria. For this purpose we elaborate an outline of multiple logistic regression analysis. The focus of investigation is on the identification of the contents and dynamics of the concepts verbalized by LIST and CATALOG across (1) four registers of the language (academic, spoken, fiction, newspaper), (2) semantic feature of possessive meaning, (3) plural modification, (4) post-modification, (5) pre-modification and (6) genitive meaning.
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Means of metaphor translation in the story "Berlin, city of birds" by E. Ozdamar
Статья научная
The article examines the aspect of metaphor translation from German into Russian in the story Berlin, City of Birds by E. Ozdamar, which is done through a cognitive metaphorological approach. It is concerned with the problem of metaphor interpretation as one of the most challenging issues of the theory and practice of translation. The work analyzes metaphor and means of its translation in the framework of conceptual metaphor theory put forward by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson in 1980 and developed further to be applied to a broad range of linguistic phenomena. Metaphor modelling is considered the principal means of conveying the cognitive dominant of the story represented by the two main images of the story, those of Berlin and birds being newcomers to the city. The author employs the metaphor model to depict the city as a motionless photograph that is restored to life due to the advent of birds. The means of metaphor translation include full translation, lexical, morphological and syntactical changes, and omission or addition of lexical units.
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Рецензия
Основное внимание в рецензии уделяется понятию «современный научный текст», вынесенному авторами рецензируемой монографии в ее заглавие. Концепция современного научного текста М. П. Котюровой и Н. В. Соловьевой рассматривается в рецензии через призму социально-философской концепции «общества знания», теории модерности и постмодернистской философии, в том числе в ее языковедческой актуализации. Интегрированный анализ содержания концепции, представленной в рецензируемой монографии, обусловлен рассмотрением авторами монографии современного научного текста как многомерного явления, с одной стороны, порожденного инновационными запросами технологически эволюционирующего общества, с другой стороны, генерирующего новые сцепления значений, которые уже сами по себе составляют деривационные базы нового знания. Методологически выверенный анализ языковых и текстовых единиц, формирующих целостность, системность, стереотипность и абстрактность современного научного текста, представленный в монографии «Современный научный текст (сквозь призму дискурсивных изменений)», позволяет определить параметры научного знания, характер которого задает векторы развития российского социума в ближайшие десятилетия. Полученный авторами результат следует квалифицировать не только как вклад пермской научной школы в развитие постулатов современного языкознания и дискурсологии, но и как научное достижение, способствующее интеграции современной лингвистики с современной философией и социологией языка.
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On English translations of R. M. Rilke's poetic language
Другой
This study aims to assess the adequacy of the form of German sonnets when reproduced in English translations. The focus is on interrogative sentences, which, together with the sonnet in the form of a macrosentence, the shortened verse and enjambment, are the characteristics of the innovative features of Sonnets to Orpheus by R. M. Rilke. The lyrical cycle Sonnets to Orpheus is among the most translated into world languages of Rilke’s poetry works, as well as Duino Elegies. Both professional and amateur poets and translators have been competing to put the Austrian writer’s best poems into English. Here we examine more than twenty English translations of the Sonnets into English, made from 1936 to 2008. The importance of the comparative linguistic-stylistic study of the original and its translations is determined by the continuing interest in Rilke’s works in English-speaking countries and the necessity to understand the principles of reconstructing the features of Rilke’s poetics using the English language. The system of methods used in this work includes: historical and philological analysis, comparative linguistic and stylistic description, as well as comparative analysis of the original and translation in the form that was developed in the works of V. Bryusov (1905), N. Gumilev (1919), M. Lozinsky (1935), E. Etkind (1963), S. Goncharenko (1987). We have found that the innovative nature of German sonnets is not always reflected in English translations. In some translations, American and British translators significantly modified the form of the original: interrogative sentences dominating in XVII and XVIII sonnets of the second part of the lyric cycle were not reproduced in English translations made by G. Good, D. Young, C. Haseloff, N. Mardas Billias and others.
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Статья научная
The author synopsizes the history of translations and compilations of the books by D. Defoe and S. Richardson in Russian from the end of the XVIII с. to the beginning of the XX c. The choice of these authors is determined by the fact that the novels by these writers of Enlightenment were very popular among the Russian readers of the first half of the XIX century. An attempt is undertaken to explain why S.Richardson’s novels became less attractive despite a lot of compilations, while D. Defoe’s novel has attracted not only attention of children and teenagers but also of adults.
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Reasons for semantic extension in the meaning of artistic symbols
Статья научная
This article examines the process of change in the meaning of artistic symbols in the novels by J. R. Fowles, whose books are filled with deep philosophical content, which is considered to be one of the main components of any symbol. The paper analyzes excerpts from the writer’s novels A Maggot, The Magus, The Tree, The Aristos, as well as the author’s diaries. The problem of studying an artistic symbol lies in its changeability: a symbol as a unit of culture transmits its basic meanings from generation to generation, but at the same time it can acquire other new meanings during the development of society and culture. In addition, new meanings of a symbol can be found in works of different authors. The purpose of this study is to identify the reasons for the occurrence of these meanings. The main research methods included a definition analysis of the artistic symbol in special dictionaries, contextual analysis, and methods of interpretation. Basing on the literature review, the author of the article formulates the following definition: an artistic symbol is a conventional figurative-semiotic object of language and culture (unconsciously or consciously) included by the author in a figurative text in which the symbol actualizes one or some interpretations that reduce the denotative meaning of the word and expand the semantic boundaries of the lexeme. The study reveals that cultural-historical and pragmatic factors influenced the change in the meanings of different artistic symbols in the works of Fowles. It was also found that pragmatic factors brought more changes than cultural- historical factors. This phenomenon is explained by the fact that a person’s personal experience of interaction with an object-symbol can be diverse and generate new meanings. However, such meanings of a symbol may not be fixed in the language in contrast to the meanings caused by changes in society. This study is novel in that it explores the process of formation of new meanings in an artistic symbol.
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Reimagine pitch as a speech genre in business communication
Статья научная
The article studies system-forming characteristics of pitch as a business speech genre in business communication. The research material is presented by 54 entrepreneurial pitches (a brief speech of an entrepreneur to investors) in the TV reality shows Dragons ’ Den (UK) and Sharks Tank (USA). The article describes pitches studied by modern linguists within the anthropocentric paradigm. The paper considers the concepts ‘speech genre’, ‘communication strategy’ through the prism of scientific views of M. M. Bakhtin, O. S. Issers as well as the theory of business discourse in the works by F. Bargiela-Chiappini. The article analyzes the most typical structural, lexical, semantic and stylistic characteristics of the pitch manifested in dynamics. The authors demonstrate that the interaction of business, public and mass media discourses generates a genre that is not reduced to the simple sum of their components. The research shows that taken in the context of mass media communication, pitch as a genre should be considered in all the diversity of this speech situation, allowing us to rethink the genre-forming factors of pitch. The set of specific characteristics that make it special in its capacity of a speech genre includes inequality of the communication role and status, two pools of listeners, preset logical structure of the text, elements of show, turns in the process of speech, number of speakers, and a function of a trigger for further negotiation. A new understanding of the role and meaning of pitch allows us to categorize this genre not as an element of the sales genre but as the first component of the commercial negotiation genre. The results obtained can be applied in the practice of teaching modern English language, in research on communicative linguistics and pragmatics.
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Semantic framing of computer viruses: the study of semantic roles' distribution
Статья научная
The article deals with the problem of semantic roles' distribution in the frame VIRUS designated by the term virus in the computer virology discourse. The study is conducted in the framework of the cognitive discursive paradigm of modern linguistics and comprises the following linguistic approaches to the studies of language for special purposes: cognitive terminology, frame-based terminology, and frame semantics. The article gives a brief overview of the development of computer virology with reference to mental framing of the key aspects in the field. A frame is considered as part of context and a situation model representing a real-life event. Ch. Fillmore's frame semantics and the identification of deep cases or semantic roles are used as the main method of data analyses. We have analyzed the most typical plans of semantic roles' distribution in the frame VIRUS. The semantic roles of the frame VIRUS include Agent, Counteragent, Object, Addressee, Patient, Result, and Instrument. It has been found that besides the most distinctive distribution of semantic roles in the frame VIRUS, showing that the malicious program is conceptualized as the aggressor and a computer or its user as a victim, which correspond to the roles of the Agent and the Patient, there might be the frames with a virus in the role of the Counteragent, the Object, the Result, the Instrument, the Patient, and even the Place. We come to the conclusion that analysis of the roles' distribution helps to determine relations among the event participants and the way the situation is conceptualized and represented in the form of mental models in human minds. In the Discussion section we illustrate the occurrence of typical semantic frames in popular culture, namely in films and television programs. With these we prove the relevance of the approaches and methods chosen to reveal the peculiarities of conceptualization in special areas and connection synergies between language, thought, and communication.
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Статья научная
В статье проводится анализ основных ипостасей «симультанного искусства», выявляются философские и научные источники термина, а также прослеживаются этапы становления идеи. Симультанность рассматривается как универсальная авангардистская категория, позволяющая восстановить историко-культурный контекст эпохи и проследить трансформацию авангардистской эстетики. В поэтический дискурс это понятие вводит Стефан Малларме: он обращает внимание на то, что специфическая визуальная конфигурация стиха дает возможность обеспечить «целокупное видение страницы» и одновременное восприятие последовательно развивающихся фрагментов текста. Согласно воззрениям представителей интегрализма и группы Аббатства Кретей, симультанность выступает синонимом «универсального ритма», пронизывающего «монистическую Вселенную», который отражает в своем произведении поэт. Унанимизм же обращается к ритму урбанистического пространства и ощущению субъектом синхронизованного движения городской толпы. Центральным принципом футуризма, связанным с симультанностью, является «эстетизация скорости»: художники стремятся создать «опространствленное» время в плоскости холста, передать динамику с помощью дислокации предметов, поэты - создать быстрый, «телеграфный» стиль, имитирующий движение «вихрей электронов». Того же синтетического восприятия ищет Робер Делоне, но динамика создается им с помощью контраста цветов. Симультанность книги Сони Делоне и Блеза Сандрара задается, во-первых, техникой «симультанных контрастов», во-вторых - особым поэтическим ритмом и визуальной конфигурацией стихов. Концепция «симультанеизма» Анри-Мартен Барзэна подразумевает одновременную рецитацию стихов несколькими чтецами и драматизацию поэзии. Наконец, для дадаистов симультанность становится способом освобождения чтения / восприятия от диктатуры языковой логики, навязываемой линейным развитием текста.
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The genre of female metaphysical detective novel: tradition and modernity
Статья научная
This article investigates female metaphysical detective novel as a specific literary genre of crime fiction. The theoretical framework of the study includes several cross-fertilizing approaches such as the structuralist approach to the genre theory, the theory of postmodern anti-detective novel, and the feminist reading of the detective novel evolution. The nexus where these mutually correlated theoretical approaches overlap is the concept of female metaphysical detective novel. This subgenre of detective fiction intertwines several important elements of the postmodern aesthetics, i. e., self-reflexivity, intertextuality, and subversiveness with emphasis on political, gender, and class issues. The specific character of female-authored detective stories is studied diachronically and synchronically. The evolution of the genre of female metaphysical detective novel from the Golden Age until now is considered through the lens of metaphysical or heterotopian settings that are featured in detective fiction written by women. First, it is shown that the construction of space in several Golden Age narratives provides grounds to consider them the precursors of contemporary female metaphysical novel. The conclusion is made that even before feminism was universally recognized as a literary theory, women had been trying to break out of the ‘locked room’ canon designated for them mainly by traditional literary criticism. Next, several new tendencies are pinpointed that have appeared in femaleauthored detective fiction only recently. Finally, the set of generic features is identified that are characteristic of female metaphysical detective novel as a distinct genre of crime fiction. Most prominently, the novels epitomizing the genre foreground the evolution of the heroine’s identity depicted as a complex network of gendered spaces.
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Статья научная
This research focuses on Taiwanese and Russian business relations and aims to elucidate how it is influenced by both parties' language and culture when establishing international economic relations. The study considers commercial translation and difficulties encountered when developing cross-cultural relations. It presents a perspective derived from Taiwan's international industrial development and focuses on language barriers and a lack of competence in understanding culture in international collaborations. The research investigates existing issues and suggests solutions in terms of accuracy in language and culture necessary for establishing closer and more successful intercultural ties between Russia and Taiwan. This research includes a researcher participant and inductive methodologies, with the author's observational data collected over ten years of interpretation and translation. With these components and the application of several commonly adopted translation theories, it provides a unique, cultural perspective based on work derived from Taiwanese and Russian business and cultural intermediation. As a result, solutions have evolved on how to overcome language and cultural barriers and improve cooperation between Taiwan and Russia. This research can greatly assist in the development of communications and exchange in the realm of international business.
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The subversion of linear time in 'Sons and lovers'' by D.H. Lawrence
Статья научная
The essay is devoted to the issues of art time in one of the most known novels of D.H. Lawrence. The issues of time were central for the modernist writers since they showed the prevalence of an individual's experience of life over the life itself; they were preoccupied with proper depicting of a person's inner living through external circumstances, especially when a young hero enters the world, perceives it and experiences heavy growth costs as it happens with the main character of 'Sons and Lovers'. The novel under analysis is constructed on the basis of several genetic plot patterns: socio-panoramic, biographical and autobiographical and psycho-analytical, and each of them influences the time-structure of the novel. The essay shows how a complex temporal structure - a unity of family, biographical, personal time and socio-historical time, epic time, transpersonal, eternal time - works in the novel and determines its general artistic peculiarities. The author argues that D.H. Lawrence, for the purpose of giving the fullest, by his account, picture of the main character's internal conversion of the events of his growing up, unites traditional (realistic) and experimental (modernist) temporal paradigms, having kept general linear forward time-movement, retards, or/and hastens the flux of narrated time.
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