Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 907
Статья научная
The article deals with the life of women in the first Russian settlements in the North-East of Russia in the late XVII — early XVII centuries, known from various archaeological sources. The major idea of the article is opposite the prevailing regional historiography tradition. Archaeological findings show that in the Northern Yakutia, the first settlers came there not only with the representatives of the indige-nous peoples of the region, but also with Russian women.
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Women's personalities in the pages of textbooks the history of Russia
Статья научная
In article the review modern (published since 2000) school textbooks of Domestic history about that consideration as a female personnel is presented on their pages is spent.
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Wrangel island as actant in the historical geography of the Russian Arctic through a Mi’kmaw lens
Статья научная
Wrangel Island is the largest island in the Russian Eastern Arctic and is now a protected place with international recognition. One of only five UNESCO world heritage sites in the Arctic, Wrangel Island is uniquely varied in its flora and fauna for an Arctic island. In this reflection piece, I use an Indigenous Mi’Kmaw cosmological approach to envision the much-storied Wrangel Island as a being and an actant in its long history, especially regarding human beings and anthropocenic activity. My approach asserts that, like plants, rocks, mountains, water, and landscapes, Wrangel Island has a unique and remarkable identity, personality, and spirit. For centuries, Wrangel Island has rebuffed human presence and it has been little affected by human activity. Today only scientists visit; no human collectivity has ever gained more than a slippery grip on the island. The tragedy is that, despite the island’s inclinations, the warming of the Russian Arctic may change this.
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Youth entrepreneurship of Republic Sakha (Yakutia): status and perspectives
Статья научная
The small Business Development of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) contributes to the state support measures: improving the regulatory framework, reducing administrative barriers, the real increase in funding. The modernization of the economy, improving the investment climate and development of innovative enterprises, the introduction of new, including energy-saving technologies, reduction of personnel shortages in the business environment will directly depend on the contribution of the younger generation of Yakutia in the economic and social development of the republic, the welfare and living standards.
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Yurak-Samoyeds: Problems of Ethnic Identification
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the poorly studied problem of the origin of the name Yuraki, which the Russians, as well as the Enets and Nganasans, called the group of the Samoed-speaking population that wandered along the northern outskirts of Western Siberia in the 17th — first half of the 20th century. On the basis of published and unpublished archival materials, information from the works of Russian and foreign scientists, as well as dictionaries of the peoples of the North, we attempted to identify the ethnic composition of the Yuraks, the boundaries of their settlement, determine the chronological framework for the emergence and existence of this name and clarify its origin. The research has resulted in a number of reasonable conclusions and assumptions. The name Yuraki appeared in the 17th century, when the tax policy of the tsarist administration in the north of Western Siberia provoked active resistance of certain groups of the nomadic Samoyed population. Russians called the Yoraks / Yuraks nomadic in the deep tundra, who did not pay a permanent tax, tundra and forest Nenets and Enets, as well as a mixed Nenets-Enets group. This name comes from the Nenets word Yor meaning "depth". By the 19th century, the Nenets of the Yenisei province began to be called Yuraks, regardless of the tax system. In the Soviet household documents of the Dolgan-Nenets National District, this name appeared until the middle of the 20th century.
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Zemstvo Tradition as a Particularly Valuable Intangible Cultural Heritage of the Russian North
Статья научная
The article presents the scientific results obtained during the study of the zemstvo self-government tradition in the Russian North. This tradition is considered as a particularly valuable intangible cultural heritage. Its image-symbolical vocabulary (thesaurus) could be used in development of a regional strategy and local projects for the spatial development of the northern macroregion. The idea-concept of “zemstvo” (“mir”) holds a unique position within the conceptual sphere of the Russian North’ geocultural space. It is an ideal, canonical form of religious and sociocultural land management of Pomorye, which appears as reserved island-archipelago covered by web of autonomous, autocratical communities. The natural and cultural landscape of the Northern Russian mir is replete with “conciliar” and “sophian” semantics and symbolics of development, specialness, selfness, freedom, unitotality, triality, rhythmicity, gracefulness, wisdom. The cultural and semiotic mechanisms of the Slavic-Russian development of the lands and waters of the midnight Edge of the World are studied. Sacred geography and geosophy of “verhovskiy” and “nizovskiy” colonization streams of the North and the Arctic regions are revealed. Special attention is paid to the presentation of the experience and practices of preserving and adapting the sacred heritage associated with land management and consecration of territories and water areas of Pomorye (Kenozerskiy National Park, Naryan-Mar and Mezen Diocese, the project “Common Cause. Revival of Wooden Temples of the North”).
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«Arctic – fund» − is the territory of the dialogue
Статья научная
In this article, according to the example with the scientificeducational project ‛Arctic Fund’ was presented the activity of the Research Library of the NArFU in the sphere of creating of a united information space, according to the main spheres, which are reflected the national interests of Russia in the Arctic.
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Аnalisys of technogenic impact on geosystems of the Еuropean Russian North
Статья научная
Methodical approaches for carrying out complex geoecological researches taking into account natural and economic peculiarities of the North are developed. The detailed characteristics of the features of the nature management modern structure and technogenic impact on the research territory are given. Preconditions for regional nature management in its historicalgeographical aspect, the structure and the dynamics of nature management at present, the negative geoecological consequences connected with them are analysed.
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Аrctic tourism: the rating of regions, the оpportunities and threats
Статья научная
Arctic and northern tourism as operational definitions are used in scientific publications more infrequently and irregularly. In practice, the tourism has become an inalienable sector of the economy; it has a multiplying effect for the development of social services, infrastructure and other sectors. The first National Tourist Rating of the 85 subjects of the Russian Federation (2015), the first rating of tourist attractiveness of the regions of the Russian Arctic contributes to the analyzes of the opportunities and threats tu tourism.
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Еcophysiological characteristic of plants communities under the bird rookery of West Spitsbergen
Статья научная
In the Arctic nature carries out its unique experiments, an example of which is the vegetation of bird colonies, where life is determined by the organic matter, which is taken out from the sea birds and is used only under the bird colonies. The absorption of nitrogen in the Arctic is limited by abiotic factors: low temperature and humidity, the slow erosion of rocks, low transpiration and the presence of permafrost. The data on the content of total nitrogen and chlorophyll in plants and lichens in communities located beneath bird colonies in the West Svalbard. The study showed that plant communities of rookeries, where the effect of one of the limiting factors of the Arctic (poor soil horizon) is reduced, give some idea of the "Green Arctic", where the current climate change is guiding it.
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Рositioning of Russia in the Arctic: problem aspects
Статья научная
The issues of the present situation in the Arctic, Arctic challenges and features of the economic development are analyzed. Basis for the development of the Arctic economy model, the need for organizational changes effective management of the Russian Federation Arctic zone are identified.
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Статья научная
Еxamination of the sources (annalistic codes, verbal folklore) not only allows us to determine the reliability of the historical texts, but also helps us to actualize the events of the past. Marfa Boretskaya’s name is well-known by the historians, but as sources indicate, the role in the foundation of the northern monasteries is grossly exaggerated.
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‘Trouble spots’ of the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The research of ‘trouble spots’ in the Russian Arctic in the sphere of Ecology, Economy, Management, Social life.
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Статья научная
The article represents a brief overview of the speeches presented at the “Cold Peace in the Arctic” International Conference (Oslo, Norway, September 2018) attended by experts from Russia, Norway, and other countries. The author believes that many representatives of the scientific community see prospects for mitigating contradictions and strengthening international cooperation in the Arctic.
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Статья научная
The article considers “digital twins” of the population as a tool for socio-demographic research and territorial management. The experience of creating digital twins of the population and interactive websites devoted to demographic issues is systematized. A methodology for creating a digital twin of the Arctic population is proposed, based on three methodological principles: consideration of the hierarchy of territories, spatial representation of data, and combining demographic statistics with new digital data sources. The author has developed the Digital twin of the Arctic population — an interactive website (dashboard) containing detailed data on the Arctic population, including municipal and settlement levels. It includes demographic statistics, census results and data from digital platforms. The Digital twin of the Arctic population covers such issues as the size, dynamics and composition of the population, resettlement, natural and migration movement, labor and employment, transport movements, science and education, and the impact of the pandemic on demographic processes. Tools of ranking, multivariate analysis, clustering and forecasting of indicator values are implemented for researchers. From the viewpoint of state and municipal management, the main interest is the demographic profiles of regions and territories, reflecting up-to-date information about the demographic situation. Using the Digital twin of the Arctic population, the author draws conclusions about the spatial patterns of the demographic development of the Russian Arctic.
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Статья научная
The article is devoted to the socio-economic adaptation of single-industry towns’ population on the example of single-industry settlements in the North-West of Russia. The work’s theoretical and methodological framework is the approaches of scientists who study the grassroots practices of survival of small towns and villages (seasonal work, commuting, a distributed way of life, the informal economy). The empirical base of the study are statistical data collected from the databases of EMISS, SPARK Interfax, the Foundation for the Development of Single-Industry Towns, websites of administrations of single-industry settlements in the Northwestern Federal District, as well as data from field studies collected by the method of semi-formalized interviews with representatives of administrations and deputies of city and regional councils, with ordinary residents of single-industry towns in Republic of Karelia, Leningrad and Vologda oblasts. The study’s preliminary results are presented: first, an analysis of the contradictions in the management approach. Many single-industry settlements in the Northwestern Federal District do not meet the criteria according to which they are included in the official list of single-industry towns. Also, government support measures to rescue “dying” monotowns are ineffective. Secondly, empirical research results show that residents of single-industry towns have developed strategies for adapting to new socio-economic conditions of life, which are not associated with employment in a city-forming enterprise. These strategies include: 1) rotational work or seasonal work; 2) pendulum migration within spontaneous local agglomerations; 3) “distributed lifestyle”; 4) involvement in various spheres of the informal economy. Thus, single-industry towns “do not die” but survive primarily due to the population’s grassroots economic practices.
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Статья научная
The present article provides a brief introduction to the first comprehensive scholarly account in English of the history of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) from the earliest exploration to the first decades of the 21st century. It was published in October 2022 under the title “From Northeast Passage to Northern Sea Route. A History of the waterway North of Eurasia” by Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands. This introduction touches on a few important issues that are discussed in the volume, which is written by a team of Russian, Norwegian, Dutch and British historians and political scientists. The first stage of this project was carried through in the 1990s, within the framework of INSROP (The International Northern Sea Route Programme (1993–1999)), which was conducted by the Fridtjof Nansen Institute in Oslo. As a result of their efforts four working papers appeared on the history of NSR. In the end a decision was made to develop the topic further into a collective monograph. This second stage of the project, however, started only many years later, in 2015, and was executed in the course of seven years, now under the leadership of the UiT - The Arctic University of Norway. In the present article you will find information about the contents and direction of the monograph, as well as a small sample from the book, chosen from a multitude of other themes, for the simple reason that it is relevant to the recent commemoration of 150th anniversary of Franz Josef Land’s discovery (1873–2023).
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Другой
Here we publish the resolution of the round table “Green economy: the environmental imperatives for economic development of the Russian Arctic”, held within the framework of the 2nd meeting of the Arctic Expert Club on the 23rd of October 2015. The organizers of the round table: the Institute of Regional Studies and Urban-planning of the Higher School of Economics, Arctic Center for Strategic Studies NArFU named after M.V. Lomonosov. Co-organizers the Russian Institute of Strategic Studies (RISS).
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