Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 955
The mystery of the Neumayers strait
Статья научная
In the article made an analysis of all the currently available information about the last days of G. Y. Sedov, his death and burial. On the basis of these materials are given the direction of the further search for the tomb of the first initial Russian polar expedition.
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The national daily life of the settlements of Yakutiya in the context of the sociological researcher
Статья научная
The data of sociological research in national settlements that support the hypothesis of adaptation of the Evenki society to the new challenges of the environment, due to their personal-professional qualities, ability to survive, develop desire and dynamically changing world.
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The natural tourist potential of the islands in the western sector of the Russian Arctic
Статья научная
The islands of the archipelago of Franz Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya of the western sector of the Russian Arctic are very promising for the organization of the Arctic sea cruises. They have the unique natural landscapes and diverse flora and fauna. The Arctic holds half of the species of shore birds in the world. In summer, the Novaya Zemlya is full of Branta leucopsis and Branta bernicla and occasionally there are tundra swans, white-fronted goose, eider ducks and loons. The archipelago has spherulites — one of the mysterious formations in the Arctic, they are perfectly round stone balls from a few centimeters to several meters in diameter.
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Статья научная
In 2020, a book, edited by E.A. Borovichov and N.V. Vronsky, “Nature and the indigenous population of the Arctic under the influence of climate change and industrial development: the Murmansk Oblast” was published by the Graphite Publishing House. The book provides a comprehensive assessment of the effects of modern climate dynamics and human impact on biota, the environment and nature management in the Murmansk Oblast, one of the most industrially developed regions of the Russian Arctic, with particular attention to changes in the life of the indigenous people of the area - the Sami. The approaches to the development of a regional climate change adaptation strategy based on scenarios of the development of the Murmansk Oblast and considering the traditional knowledge of the indigenous population, as well as the socio-cultural development strategy of Lovozero, the compact residence area for the Kola Sami, are presented.
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The new economic crisis: a regional projection
Статья научная
The economic situation in Russia continues to worsen because of multiple factors. Analysis of the economic situation of the Arkhangelsk region 1999—2015 reveals an earlier manifestation of the negative effects of economic recession. Currently, the crisis is manifesting itself in the reduction of investment, increase in unemployment rates, fluctuations of prices for some industrial products. The forecast for the end of the year 2015 and for 2016 is not encouraging also.
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The new theory of the Arctic and Northern development: multi-scale interdisciplinary synthesis
Статья научная
After the bright achievements of the Soviet development school in the past 30 years, there was a long pause. Meanwhile, the need for a broad scientific generalization of practical efforts to deploy large and small economic projects in the Arctic and the North is enormous. The authors set the task of develop-ing a new complex theory of the North and the Arctic development, which would be a synthesis of the best achievements of the Soviet school, foreign frontier studies and the modern regional science studies of the innovative development. In the authors’ view, its key feature is the emphasis on local development and the endogenous factors of the development, which had no attention before. Constructive synthesis of external and internal factors of colonization should be formed “from below”, from the territory itself, not from the federal center. Four new research priorities in the new study of the North and the Arctic development are identified and described in detail with a focus on: the analysis of local institutional capital; conflicts and contradictions of the natural resource development; the evolution of the settlement system; and the inter-action of large and small forms of development of the territory. The new ideology of studying the Northern and Arctic development is supposed to be tested during the field and expeditionary study in the North and the Arctic regions.
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The northern sea route: problems of national status legitimization under international law. Part I
Статья научная
The Northern Sea Route (NSR) for the Russian Federation is a strategically important maritime communication with the status of a historically established national transport artery. Despite its applicability to the Arctic, and therefore to the waters of the NSR, the norms and provisions of the modern international maritime law, and, first of all, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS), Russia declares the important role of the national legislation on the regulation of navigation on the NSR. Such a situation is conditioned by the existing historical practice, the tacit consent of most states, as well as the special environmental vulnerability of the Arctic region and the desire to prevent the marine environment pollution due to the navigation. Among the main opponents of this approach is the USA, which traditionally disputes the unified permitting regime for navigation along the NSR as an example of Russia's extremely broad interpretation of the norms and provisions of UNCLOS. The first part of the paper will show how those legal approaches used by Russia to introduce the national level of the NSR regulation, i.e., the concept of internal historical waters and the method of straight baselines, do not contradict UNCLOS, as they go beyond its limits and are based mostly on customary norms of international law (the so-called international custom) rather than treaties. The U.S. disagreement with such an assertion is discredited by the fact that Washington is not a full party to UNCLOS, and thus cannot fully enjoy all the prerogatives it has introduced.
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The objectives and strategy of the spatial development (the case of the Solovetsky archipelago)
Статья научная
This article is devoted to the objectives and working-out of the strategy of the spatial development. The correlation of goals and strategies is shown, their role in the management of the territory is determined. Using the example of the Solovetsky Archipelago, the mechanism of conducting the SWOT analysis was reviewed, the system of strategic goals was analyzed, and the model of the integrated spatial development strategy was presented. The methods of morphological and comparative analysis, synthesis, and modeling were used. The necessity of more complete correspondence of the mission, goals and strategy, as well as their correspondence to the factors of the internal and external environment of the development of the territory was identified. The importance of working out of comprehensive strategy of the territory aimed at its sustainable development is substantiated.
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The observatory of Finno-Ugric indigenous peoples in the Republic of Karelia
Статья научная
The article deals with the potential rights implementation assessment for the Karelians, the Vepsians, and the Finns - indigenous minorities and ethnic (national) minorities in the Republic of Karelia. The purpose of the article is to form an observational passport of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Republic of Karelia (i.e., the Vepsians, the Karelians, and the Finns), which would record the varying degrees of satisfaction of the indigenous small-numbered population of the Republic with the results of the policy pursued. The subject of this article is the peculiarities of the potential rights implementation Karelians, Vepsians, and Finns - indigenous peoples and ethnic (national) minorities of Karelia. As part of the study, a tool was developed to assess the potential rights implementation in the Republic of Karelia - an observational passport of indigenous peoples. The presented material is based on the results of a survey organized in the fall of 2017 in all municipalities of the Republic of Karelia. The authors substantiate the differentiation of potential rights implementation of the indigenous peoples of the Republic in 4 sectors (economic, social, cultural, and religious), according to 3 levels (low, medium, and high). It was found that the low potential rights implementation in almost every sector of the study is typical of the Vepsians, the Karelians, and the Finns are generally characterized by the potential rights implementation of the average level.
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The observer countries of the Arctic Council: a comparative analysis of human development
Статья научная
The article represents a comparative analysis of human development of the countries — observers of the Arctic Council. Similarities, distinctions and advantages are presented in their relation to the quality and dynamics of human development. The conclusion is drawn on positive tendencies of human development and prospects of a joint implementation of the most important social and economic projects in the Russian Arctic.
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The performance of ethnic and cultural landscape of the Arctic in the global and regional dimensions
Статья научная
Given article represents multiscientific research of ethnic and cultural landscape of Arctic in global and regional dimensions. Problems are studied: global context Arctic culture, southern border, population, disappearance of languages and cultures, status of the northern radical people, circumpolar civilization, and also modern trends of public opinion in sphere of international relations. Model of ethno cultural landscape of Arctic; cultural language variety; humanistic model of Arctic development.
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Статья научная
The author of the article considers the cooperation in oil and gas industry in the Barents Euro-Arctic region, the main oil and gas projects in the region and the political issues of the cooperation.
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The population of Arkhangelsk in the 1920s
Статья научная
The article gives characteristics of the population of Arkhangelsk in the 1920s on the following issues: the demographic structure, marital status, ethnicity, religion, and social composition.
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The portfolio of the Arctic projects of Arkhangelsk area
Статья научная
Projects developed by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Arkhangelsk region and the center of “Arctic Partnership” an Institute of Management and Regional Studies of the NArFU named after M. V. Lomonosov as project proposals for inclusion in the program “Economic and social development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation”.
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Статья научная
The problem of lack of training of northerner children with special needs to adulthood is investigated using the definition of independence, and possible solution to this problem is to implement such a technology of social work as social project planning. The phenomenon of self-sufficiency is analyzed as a criterion of maturity and features of formation of such quality for children with special needs. The possibilities of social project planning in the frame of preparation of northerner children with special needs to adult independent living are conceptually stated. Empirical research conducted in January — May 2016 by the expert survey with the help of a specially designed questionnaire. In the process of realization of the project "School of independence for children with disabilities in the North" in Arkhangelsk the technique of social project planning has been tested. According to the results of the study, the specific recommendations addressed primarily to non-profit organizations have been developed. Formation of independence will enhance the borders of safe and comfort life for northerners with special needs and disabilities in adverse climatic conditions. In the frame of implementation of the social engineering technique the creation of the "Arctic school of independence for northerners with special needs" is possible.
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The power of connectivity in the Arctic: citizen participation in arctic institutions
Статья научная
Increasing business opportunities in the Arctic in the spheres of tourism, transport, mining, oil and gas and creative industries require efficient connectivity. Arctic territories offer an attractive place for data servers running on green energy. The subsea fiber cable connecting European High North territories with the US and Asia is an opportunity to improve connectivity in the Arctic. The opening of the Arctic sea creates preconditions for such a project. In this paper, I study existing Arctic institutions that deal with connectivity issues in the Arctic. As theoretical frameworks, I use Gaventa’s (1982) framework of power and powerlessness and stakeholder participation model. The power and powerlessness and modes of participation of stakeholders at the national and regional levels are investigated. I use secondary data, such as the EU and regional policies, statistical data on the topic of connectivity in the Arctic. The study contributes to the understanding of power structure and citizen participation in the Arctic institutions by using an example of connectivity in the Arctic. The findings suggest that Arctic institutions have very limited citizen participation opportunities due to their composition, working formats, and governance structures. Several suggestions for opening-up closed spaces to be inclusive of Arctic citizens perspectives are suggested.
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Статья научная
The new version of the state program “Social and economic development of the Arctic zone” and the draft law “On the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation” have designated support zones as the main instrument for the development of the Arctic. Their main task, according to the specified documents, is the development of mineral and raw materials centers (MRCs) in the Arctic zone of Russia, attraction of investments, development of the Northern Sea Route and development of energy infrastructure. Therefore, the selection of promising mineral and raw materials centers in the support zones in the Russian Arctic is an urgent task. By actualization of information on the resource potential of the Arctic zone of Russia, it is possible to form a list of prospective MRCs, the development and support of which should be in the priority focus of public policy in this region. Equally important is the analysis of key risks such as financial, construction and geological risks that arise when creating and developing mineral resource centers and have a significant impact on the profitability of such projects. The paper suggests some indicators that assess the macroeconomic, social, geopolitical and innovative effects that arise in the development of MRCs and which should be used for evaluating the social and economic impacts of MRC projects in support areas. Also, it is necessary to take into account the social and economic importance of MRC projects and the impact of their results on the life of the population. As the primary approach in the selection and creation of mineral resource centers, the authors propose the use of the cluster approach. Such clusters will act as pivots in the spatial organization of the regional economy and will achieve the maximum multiplicative effect. In conclusion, based on the analysis, the authors formulated the main principles for the implementation of MRC projects, which include: the formation of a single geological exploration program, the joint development of nearby deposits, and the formation of complex socio-economic effects for the exploration areas.
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Статья научная
This article analyzes the reasons of the appearance of the problems of the social exclusion of the working migrants, it is put emphasis on the positive role of labor mobility in the light of the development of the Arkhangelsk region.
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The problems of the Arctic region in modern international journalism: examples and features
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the review of problems of the Arctic region presented in modern international journalism on the example of the travel essay by the international journalist S. Pashkevich “Letters from the Edge of the World. Traveling to Russian America” and the TV program “30 days in the Arctic with Ville Haapasalo”. These works are selected as examples of international journalists covering the problems of the Arctic region in different formats (print and tv) and the longterm perspective. As a result of the analysis, we can conclude on the general topic of chosen journalism works — the way of life of residents. The choice of problems is determined by the genre features of the texts presented: if Pashkevich's letters are more of a lyrical journalism work whose purpose is to show the life of “Russian” Alaskans with an emphasis on general Russian-American history; Ville Haapasalo's TV program combines entertainment and information components, and to a certain extent entertaining component (stories about hunting, fishing, participation of the facilitator in these classes) is balanced by the presentation of various problems from which residents of the Arctic region of Russia.
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