Статьи журнала - Arctic and North
Все статьи: 907
The new economic crisis: a regional projection
Статья научная
The economic situation in Russia continues to worsen because of multiple factors. Analysis of the economic situation of the Arkhangelsk region 1999—2015 reveals an earlier manifestation of the negative effects of economic recession. Currently, the crisis is manifesting itself in the reduction of investment, increase in unemployment rates, fluctuations of prices for some industrial products. The forecast for the end of the year 2015 and for 2016 is not encouraging also.
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The new theory of the Arctic and Northern development: multi-scale interdisciplinary synthesis
Статья научная
After the bright achievements of the Soviet development school in the past 30 years, there was a long pause. Meanwhile, the need for a broad scientific generalization of practical efforts to deploy large and small economic projects in the Arctic and the North is enormous. The authors set the task of develop-ing a new complex theory of the North and the Arctic development, which would be a synthesis of the best achievements of the Soviet school, foreign frontier studies and the modern regional science studies of the innovative development. In the authors’ view, its key feature is the emphasis on local development and the endogenous factors of the development, which had no attention before. Constructive synthesis of external and internal factors of colonization should be formed “from below”, from the territory itself, not from the federal center. Four new research priorities in the new study of the North and the Arctic development are identified and described in detail with a focus on: the analysis of local institutional capital; conflicts and contradictions of the natural resource development; the evolution of the settlement system; and the inter-action of large and small forms of development of the territory. The new ideology of studying the Northern and Arctic development is supposed to be tested during the field and expeditionary study in the North and the Arctic regions.
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The northern sea route: problems of national status legitimization under international law. Part I
Статья научная
The Northern Sea Route (NSR) for the Russian Federation is a strategically important maritime communication with the status of a historically established national transport artery. Despite its applicability to the Arctic, and therefore to the waters of the NSR, the norms and provisions of the modern international maritime law, and, first of all, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 (UNCLOS), Russia declares the important role of the national legislation on the regulation of navigation on the NSR. Such a situation is conditioned by the existing historical practice, the tacit consent of most states, as well as the special environmental vulnerability of the Arctic region and the desire to prevent the marine environment pollution due to the navigation. Among the main opponents of this approach is the USA, which traditionally disputes the unified permitting regime for navigation along the NSR as an example of Russia's extremely broad interpretation of the norms and provisions of UNCLOS. The first part of the paper will show how those legal approaches used by Russia to introduce the national level of the NSR regulation, i.e., the concept of internal historical waters and the method of straight baselines, do not contradict UNCLOS, as they go beyond its limits and are based mostly on customary norms of international law (the so-called international custom) rather than treaties. The U.S. disagreement with such an assertion is discredited by the fact that Washington is not a full party to UNCLOS, and thus cannot fully enjoy all the prerogatives it has introduced.
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The objectives and strategy of the spatial development (the case of the Solovetsky archipelago)
Статья научная
This article is devoted to the objectives and working-out of the strategy of the spatial development. The correlation of goals and strategies is shown, their role in the management of the territory is determined. Using the example of the Solovetsky Archipelago, the mechanism of conducting the SWOT analysis was reviewed, the system of strategic goals was analyzed, and the model of the integrated spatial development strategy was presented. The methods of morphological and comparative analysis, synthesis, and modeling were used. The necessity of more complete correspondence of the mission, goals and strategy, as well as their correspondence to the factors of the internal and external environment of the development of the territory was identified. The importance of working out of comprehensive strategy of the territory aimed at its sustainable development is substantiated.
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The observatory of Finno-Ugric indigenous peoples in the Republic of Karelia
Статья научная
The article deals with the potential rights implementation assessment for the Karelians, the Vepsians, and the Finns - indigenous minorities and ethnic (national) minorities in the Republic of Karelia. The purpose of the article is to form an observational passport of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the Republic of Karelia (i.e., the Vepsians, the Karelians, and the Finns), which would record the varying degrees of satisfaction of the indigenous small-numbered population of the Republic with the results of the policy pursued. The subject of this article is the peculiarities of the potential rights implementation Karelians, Vepsians, and Finns - indigenous peoples and ethnic (national) minorities of Karelia. As part of the study, a tool was developed to assess the potential rights implementation in the Republic of Karelia - an observational passport of indigenous peoples. The presented material is based on the results of a survey organized in the fall of 2017 in all municipalities of the Republic of Karelia. The authors substantiate the differentiation of potential rights implementation of the indigenous peoples of the Republic in 4 sectors (economic, social, cultural, and religious), according to 3 levels (low, medium, and high). It was found that the low potential rights implementation in almost every sector of the study is typical of the Vepsians, the Karelians, and the Finns are generally characterized by the potential rights implementation of the average level.
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The observer countries of the Arctic Council: a comparative analysis of human development
Статья научная
The article represents a comparative analysis of human development of the countries — observers of the Arctic Council. Similarities, distinctions and advantages are presented in their relation to the quality and dynamics of human development. The conclusion is drawn on positive tendencies of human development and prospects of a joint implementation of the most important social and economic projects in the Russian Arctic.
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The performance of ethnic and cultural landscape of the Arctic in the global and regional dimensions
Статья научная
Given article represents multiscientific research of ethnic and cultural landscape of Arctic in global and regional dimensions. Problems are studied: global context Arctic culture, southern border, population, disappearance of languages and cultures, status of the northern radical people, circumpolar civilization, and also modern trends of public opinion in sphere of international relations. Model of ethno cultural landscape of Arctic; cultural language variety; humanistic model of Arctic development.
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Статья научная
The author of the article considers the cooperation in oil and gas industry in the Barents Euro-Arctic region, the main oil and gas projects in the region and the political issues of the cooperation.
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The population of Arkhangelsk in the 1920s
Статья научная
The article gives characteristics of the population of Arkhangelsk in the 1920s on the following issues: the demographic structure, marital status, ethnicity, religion, and social composition.
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The portfolio of the Arctic projects of Arkhangelsk area
Статья научная
Projects developed by the Ministry of Economic Development of the Arkhangelsk region and the center of “Arctic Partnership” an Institute of Management and Regional Studies of the NArFU named after M. V. Lomonosov as project proposals for inclusion in the program “Economic and social development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation”.
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Статья научная
The problem of lack of training of northerner children with special needs to adulthood is investigated using the definition of independence, and possible solution to this problem is to implement such a technology of social work as social project planning. The phenomenon of self-sufficiency is analyzed as a criterion of maturity and features of formation of such quality for children with special needs. The possibilities of social project planning in the frame of preparation of northerner children with special needs to adult independent living are conceptually stated. Empirical research conducted in January — May 2016 by the expert survey with the help of a specially designed questionnaire. In the process of realization of the project "School of independence for children with disabilities in the North" in Arkhangelsk the technique of social project planning has been tested. According to the results of the study, the specific recommendations addressed primarily to non-profit organizations have been developed. Formation of independence will enhance the borders of safe and comfort life for northerners with special needs and disabilities in adverse climatic conditions. In the frame of implementation of the social engineering technique the creation of the "Arctic school of independence for northerners with special needs" is possible.
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The power of connectivity in the Arctic: citizen participation in arctic institutions
Статья научная
Increasing business opportunities in the Arctic in the spheres of tourism, transport, mining, oil and gas and creative industries require efficient connectivity. Arctic territories offer an attractive place for data servers running on green energy. The subsea fiber cable connecting European High North territories with the US and Asia is an opportunity to improve connectivity in the Arctic. The opening of the Arctic sea creates preconditions for such a project. In this paper, I study existing Arctic institutions that deal with connectivity issues in the Arctic. As theoretical frameworks, I use Gaventa’s (1982) framework of power and powerlessness and stakeholder participation model. The power and powerlessness and modes of participation of stakeholders at the national and regional levels are investigated. I use secondary data, such as the EU and regional policies, statistical data on the topic of connectivity in the Arctic. The study contributes to the understanding of power structure and citizen participation in the Arctic institutions by using an example of connectivity in the Arctic. The findings suggest that Arctic institutions have very limited citizen participation opportunities due to their composition, working formats, and governance structures. Several suggestions for opening-up closed spaces to be inclusive of Arctic citizens perspectives are suggested.
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Статья научная
The new version of the state program “Social and economic development of the Arctic zone” and the draft law “On the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation” have designated support zones as the main instrument for the development of the Arctic. Their main task, according to the specified documents, is the development of mineral and raw materials centers (MRCs) in the Arctic zone of Russia, attraction of investments, development of the Northern Sea Route and development of energy infrastructure. Therefore, the selection of promising mineral and raw materials centers in the support zones in the Russian Arctic is an urgent task. By actualization of information on the resource potential of the Arctic zone of Russia, it is possible to form a list of prospective MRCs, the development and support of which should be in the priority focus of public policy in this region. Equally important is the analysis of key risks such as financial, construction and geological risks that arise when creating and developing mineral resource centers and have a significant impact on the profitability of such projects. The paper suggests some indicators that assess the macroeconomic, social, geopolitical and innovative effects that arise in the development of MRCs and which should be used for evaluating the social and economic impacts of MRC projects in support areas. Also, it is necessary to take into account the social and economic importance of MRC projects and the impact of their results on the life of the population. As the primary approach in the selection and creation of mineral resource centers, the authors propose the use of the cluster approach. Such clusters will act as pivots in the spatial organization of the regional economy and will achieve the maximum multiplicative effect. In conclusion, based on the analysis, the authors formulated the main principles for the implementation of MRC projects, which include: the formation of a single geological exploration program, the joint development of nearby deposits, and the formation of complex socio-economic effects for the exploration areas.
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Статья научная
This article analyzes the reasons of the appearance of the problems of the social exclusion of the working migrants, it is put emphasis on the positive role of labor mobility in the light of the development of the Arkhangelsk region.
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The problems of the Arctic region in modern international journalism: examples and features
Статья научная
The article is devoted to the review of problems of the Arctic region presented in modern international journalism on the example of the travel essay by the international journalist S. Pashkevich “Letters from the Edge of the World. Traveling to Russian America” and the TV program “30 days in the Arctic with Ville Haapasalo”. These works are selected as examples of international journalists covering the problems of the Arctic region in different formats (print and tv) and the longterm perspective. As a result of the analysis, we can conclude on the general topic of chosen journalism works — the way of life of residents. The choice of problems is determined by the genre features of the texts presented: if Pashkevich's letters are more of a lyrical journalism work whose purpose is to show the life of “Russian” Alaskans with an emphasis on general Russian-American history; Ville Haapasalo's TV program combines entertainment and information components, and to a certain extent entertaining component (stories about hunting, fishing, participation of the facilitator in these classes) is balanced by the presentation of various problems from which residents of the Arctic region of Russia.
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Статья научная
In this article attention is paid to the problems of livestock development of the Arctic and northern ulus (district) of Yakutia in a transformational period in the development of Russian society, which retain their relevance, in fact, to this day. The study of problems of agricultural development in the region of the period should be one of the most active factors affecting the conduct is objectively correct current agricultural policy.
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Статья научная
The article considers the main prerequisites and the directions of development of Northern and Arctic areas of the Krasnoyarsk Krai based on creation of reliable local transport and power infrastructure and formation of hi-tech and competitive territorial clusters. We examine both the current (new large mining and processing works in the Norilsk industrial region; development of Ust-Eniseysky group of oil and gas fields; gasification of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration with the resources of bradenhead gas of Evenkia; ren-ovation of housing and public utilities of the Norilsk agglomeration; development of the Arctic and north-ern tourism and others), and earlier considered, but rejected, projects (construction of a large hydroelectric power station on the Nizhnyaya Tunguska river; development of the Porozhinsky manganese field; place-ment of the metallurgical enterprises using the Norilsk ores near Lower Angara region; construction of the meridional Yenisei railroad and others) and their impact on the development of the region. It is shown that in new conditions it is expedient to return to consideration of these projects with the use of modern tech-nologies and organizational approaches. It means, above all, formation of the local integrated regional pro-duction systems and networks providing interaction and cooperation of the fuel and raw, processing and innovative sectors. At the same time, the added value of the extracting and processing industries is local-ized in the area and will be mobilized for the purposes of high-performance technical and infrastructure base of the regional economy. The specified effect promotes economic development and leads to diversifi-cation of the monoprofile economy of the northern and Arctic regions. The provisions of the article and its suggestions can be considered as elements of the future development strategy for the Northern and Arctic territories of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. Results of the research can be used for adjustment and formation of long-term and medium-term investment programs at the state and municipal levels of management and also in development strategies of industrial, transport and power corporations.
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Статья научная
In the study of permafrost soils to characterize the features of the natural background, the identification of oil pollution of soil, its composition and characteristics of the boundaries, it was used a complex of analytic methods: IK-Fyrie spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography, chromatography mass-spectrometry and geochemical approach to the interpretation of the data. The results of an experiment of the study of the degradation of oil pollution in the soils of permafrost under the effect of oil destructors on native micro flora of hydrocarbon.
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The region with the lowest attractiveness for young people?
Статья научная
The article presents the analysis of migration in the Arkhangelsk region. Focus is made on the people of working age — young people aged 15 to 29 years. The background for the study are the indicators of migration, statistics for the period 2010 — November 2014, laws and regulatory documents. The authors conclude that Arkhangelsk region is an area with low attractiveness to migrants. A significantly larger number of young, qualified personnel is leaving our area and its amount is bigger than the amount of newcomers. This situation damages regional economy and social sphere significantly.
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