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Бюллетень науки и практики @bulletennauki
Статьи журнала - Бюллетень науки и практики
Все статьи: 7772
Quality indicators of the fourth generation hybrids resistant to floury frost disease
Статья научная
In the article, the quantitative and qualitative indicators and correlations between the fourth (F4) generation hybrid samples obtained from the hybridization of wheat genotypes introduced from international centers and local varieties selected for their resistance to diseases and distinguished by high quality indicators were studied.
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Статья научная
In the published work, the process of adsorption of organic derivatives of thiourea and dicarboxylic acids (thiourea class) modeled with semi-empirical ZINDO / 1, on iron (97% in steel St3, Poland) is presented. The structures of “thiourea” for the study were chosen so that the sequential complication of the molecular structure could be traced. Such an approach, as will be shown below, reflects with high accuracy the process of protection against corrosion with bacterial content by chemisorption of an organic compound on the metal surface with the formation of a complex compound. In the course of the study, the following compositions were obtained and analyzed: the compositions of the complexes obtained, global and local electro-filter values, a graph showing the dependence of the local electrophilicity of an arbitrary heteroatom taken by the author. The graph shows the equations of the obtained lines.
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Quantum-chemical substantiation of corrosion inhibition of steel with some amino acids
Статья научная
The article describes the process of α-amino acid adsorption on iron of mild steel immersed in 0.01 M H2SO4, this process was modeled using HyperChem 8.0.8 and ZINDO/1. This method reflects the protection against corrosion by chemisorption of α-amino acid on the surface of metal to form a complex adduct, reliably. The compositions of obtained complexes, the energy of boundary orbitals, a graph depicting the dependence of the charge density on the iron atom and the energy of higher occupied molecular orbitals on the anticorrosive protective effect were obtained and analyzed. On the graphs one can see the equations of lines.
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Radiative heat transfer in the furnace space with variable volume
Статья научная
The combustion chamber and flues boiler radiant heat exchange occur between the gas (combustion products) and limiting gas surfaces of the combustion chamber and flues. In this case, part of the energy-emitted gas is absorbed by the surfaces, and part of it is reflected into the gas. The resulting heat flow between the gas and the surface defined by the difference between the amount of energy emitted by the gas on the surface, and the amount of energy absorbed by the gas from the radiation surfaces. The article presents the basic formulas for boilers on solid fuel with movable grate. Calculations show that the change in volume of the furnace leads to a change in radiant heat transfer.
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Radioecological assessment of uranium tails deposits (Sumsar, Shekaftar, Terek-Sai)
Статья научная
The article presents the results of radio ecological studies of the territories of uranium tailings in Kyrgyzstan (Sumsar, Shekaftar and Terek-Sai), as well as their current state and assessment of the radioactive contamination’s potential risks. The ore field of this region is characterized as an extremely complex structure and covers about 30 ore occurrences of lead and rare metals. Starting from the Precambrian period both applicative and disjunctive disturbances within its boundaries have been widely developing and being manifested many times throughout the history of geological development. Oxidized and sulfide ores have been developed within the deposit. Unfortunately, serious miscalculations were made. As result of natural disasters; such as earthquakes, landslides, mudflows, etc., several uranium tailing dumbs have been damaged. Day by day, the risk of destruction and the threat of radioactive contamination of the Kyrgyz Republic territory are increasing. There are eight tailing dumps on the territory of Shekaftar uranium natural-technogenic province, the total volume of which is 1194 thousand m3 of radioactive waste. There are 15 mountain dumps of substandard ore with an ore volume of 4585.6 thousand m3 hour, in local areas it exceeds 500 μR/h.
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Статья научная
The ability of aquatic ecosystems to self-purify is closely dependent on many natural factors. The purpose of the study is to assess the self-purifying ability of surface waters for pollutants along the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea (in the territory of Azerbaijan) under the influence of abiogenic factors - climatic, hydrodynamic, hydro chemical, etc. The system analysis revealed a general pattern : in general, the self-purifying ability of river systems along the Caspian coastal zone increases in the direction from south to north. In order to preserve water quality in river systems, it is important to develop a set of measures to protect biodiversity in these coastal terrestrial ecosystems and water catchments (watersheds) on the northeastern slope of the Greater Caucasus.
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Rare endangered species of the Rosaceae family of the Rosa L. genus in the flora of Azerbaijan
Статья научная
The study examined the distribution areas, status, biological characteristics, reproduction, causes of changes in natural resources, applied conservation measures of species belonging to the Rosa L. genus in Azerbaijan on scientific basis. The research has used the research work of many botanists and my personal research. Numerous expeditions and monitoring were carried out in the research work, 64 species of Rosa L. genus were found in the natural and cultural conditions in the republic. Observations have shown that the range of most species of the Rosa L. genus has been reduced, and some are endangered. The research analyzed the reasons for the reduction of the habitats of 33 species of 64 species of the Rosa L. genus, the risk criteria of these plants according to version 3.1 of the IUCN.
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Rare types including Iridaceae juss. of the Garagush mountain
Статья научная
The genus Iris Tourn. ex L. of the family Iridaceae Juss. there are 200 different species in the Northern Hemisphere. There are more than 30 species of this genus in the territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan, some of which are endemic to Azerbaijan or the Caucasus. All irises are decorative and used in ornamental gardening. Iris caucasica Stev. ( Iris caucasic a Hoffm.) and I. lycotis Woronow ( Iris iberica subsp. lycotis (Woronow) Takht.) grows on rocky and grassy slopes of The Garagush Mountain. Iris caucasica Stev. is included in the Red Data Book of Nakhchivan AR as an important subcatagory of protection with the status of Lower Risk - LR (a - Conservation Dependent - CD). Iris lycotis Woronow has been to its activity and other abiotic factors, its range is reduced its biology is poorly studied and it is included as an endangered species in the Red Data Book of Nakhchivan AR with the status of Near Threatened - NT. Species included in this category should be enshrined in special protected areas and their biological characteristics should be studied.
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Rashes and their Misdiagnosing as Bacterial Infection in India
Статья научная
Background The public health landscape in India is currently characterized by two converging crises: the increasing incidence of emerging and re-emerging viral exanthems—including Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD), Chikungunya, Dengue, and Mpox—and the escalating threat of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR). A critical intersection of these challenges lies in the clinical and public misidentification of viral rashes as bacterial skin infections, a phenomenon that drives inappropriate antibiotic consumption. With the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) launching the National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (NAP-AMR) 2.0 in late 2025, there is an urgent need to understand the grassroots level of health literacy regarding these conditions. This study employs a cross-sectional observational design, utilizing a structured public awareness survey with a dataset of 444 respondents from diverse demographic backgrounds across India.1 The survey assessed the public's ability to differentiate viral exanthems from bacterial pyodermas and evaluated self-medication practices. These findings were triangulated with secondary clinical data from a tertiary care dermatology setting to correlate public perception with prescribing realities. The analysis reveals a profound deficit in diagnostic literacy. Only 18.4% of respondents could correctly identify the viral etiology of vesicular rashes typical of HFMD, while a significant majority (61.9%) admitted to using antibiotics for undiagnosed febrile illnesses.1 Clinical data indicates that while dermatologists largely adhere to WHO AWaRe protocols (69.5% Access group prescriptions), the demand for "quick cures" in the community fuels the misuse of "Watch" group antibiotics like Azithromycin.
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Ravines floristic diversity of Khinna gorge (Zayamchay river basin, Lesser Caucasus)
Статья научная
In 2016-2021 the ravines floristic diversity of the Khinna gorge (Zayamchay river basin, Lesser Caucasus) was studied. Khinna gorge is located on the right bank of the Zayamchay river, at the foot of Gizilja Mount. In the ravines of the Khinna gorge, 18 species, 13 genera and 11 families of plants were found. Plants of relict origin were also found: Poa nemoralis L., Poa compressa L., Ulmus glabra Huds., Parietaria chersonensis (Lang & Szov.) Dörfl., Asparagus verticillatus L., Gladiolus atroviolaceus Boiss., Rubus buschii Grossh. ex Sinkova, Amoria tumens (Steven ex M. Bieb.) Roskov, Plantago major L.
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Статья научная
This article examines the development of agricultural cooperation in Kyrgyzstan and the prerequisites for its formation, which is highly relevant to the country's socioeconomic development. Financing options for agriculture are analyzed. This will result in the development of agricultural cooperatives in the country, aimed at creating favorable conditions for their effective operation, improving financial and credit support for cooperative forms of management, organizing rural infrastructure, introducing elements of cooperative management in agriculture, and developing a system of scientific, informational, and advisory support for cooperatives. The development of individual entrepreneurship contributes to the formation of a class of small and medium-sized owners as the basis for stability in the country's economy, politics, and social sphere. For this to be achieved, positive changes are needed in the ratio of the growth in the number of small businesses to their contribution to GDP.
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Reforms in the railway system during the Second World War
Статья научная
The first railway lines in the Surkhandarya oasis, the influence of railways on the cotton industry, the start of new electric locomotives in order to bring raw materials to the center as quickly as possible, and the industrial enterprises moved to the region during the Second World War were covered based on scientific literature and archival materials.
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Статья научная
The article presents statistically significant regression models ( R 2corr>0,9; Fcr>>100; response function - life expectancy). The analysis of the abnormal observations in the baseline information has been carried out according to an original approach
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Статья научная
Feed plants are dynamically utilized by humans. This leads to a decreasing supply of feed plants. Also, considering that feed plants are eaten by animals, it can be observed that the decrease in the supply of these crops is inevitable. For this purpose, we studied the rare species of feed plants in the vegetation of Gunnut-Kapychik physiographic area where we conducted our research. The list of rare species distributed in the area is given by determining the distribution of feed plants in the area by altitudinal belts. Along with internationally recognized categories for determining the status of some important species, rare and endangered in nature, their relationship with the biome is also recorded. First of all, its past and present state in nature, its limiting factors are clarified and included in one of the relevant categories.
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Статья научная
Comparative analysis of modern interpretations of Chekhov’s “The Cherry Orchard” in the film and on the stage as an example of exemplary modern directorial works offered in this article. The basic idea: to Chekhov production was authentic and the audience understood, modern director must translate it into the language of art era, without compromising the reliability of the text.
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Relations of sovereign Kyrgyzstan in the economic and social spheres
Статья научная
Kyrgyzstan strives to strengthen and deepen mutually beneficial cooperation in all sectors of the national economy. When forming economic and social ties, the Kyrgyz Republic also primarily paid attention to the development of relations with the CIS countries, especially with Central Asia and Kazakhstan. 90’s. in the first half of the year, Kyrgyzstan’s export-import relations were Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Belarus, followed by Kazakhstan.
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Статья научная
Testate amoebae (Testacea) and ciliates (Ciliophora) are widespread in the freshwater ecosystems of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic. The distribution, abundance, and species diversity of these protozoans are influenced by various environmental factors. Temperature, water depth, gas conditions, and trophic interactions play a particularly important role. The optimal temperature range for both groups is from 15°C to 28°C. Testate amoebae are typically highly active at temperatures of 20–25°C. In bodies of water, when water temperatures exceed 30°C, the reproductive rate of testate amoebae decreases. Ciliates exhibit maximum reproductive capacity at temperatures of 18°C to 26°C. At temperatures approaching 35°C, protein denaturation occurs, leading to a rapid population decline. At lower temperatures (0–4°C), vital processes cease, but some species can survive for extended periods as cysts.
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Removal of Damaged Pipes During Major Repairs of Oil and Gas Wells
Статья научная
The relevance is determined by the need to solve a number of scientific, practical, and engineering problems related to fishing operations during well workovers. The article provides information on some cases where it is necessary to repeat the operation after completing the fishing work, which should be performed with the lowest possible force parameters and process adjustments. As a result of non-compliance with these requirements, as well as defects formed in the lifting pipes (holes, cracks, wall thickness reduction) due to long-term well operation, the use of standard pipe catchers during emergency operations is further increased. Frequently encountered deformed emergency ends of complex configuration are classified. A classic method for correcting deformed ends is noted, consisting of milling with bottomhole and ring milling cutters and other auxiliary catchers, which can complicate the well situation. The aim of the work is to improve the quality of fishing operations, speed up the extraction of emergency lift pipes with deformed ends of complex configuration, and prevent complications during their extraction from the well. This goal is achieved by implementing an innovative, improved method and design of standard fishing tools adapted to well conditions. The use of the developed straightening and fishing tool-a combined bell consisting of a through bell located at the bottom, which does not function as intended but bends, crushes, and collects the deformed ends in the center, achieving a cylindrical shape and deepening the end of the pipe inward, and a bell located at the top-allows for the removal of the pipe in a single operation by cutting the thread and then screwing onto it. The use of this tool eliminates multi-step operations to correct deformed ends. Depending on the internal diameter of the column and the type and size of the pipes to be extracted, as well as the clamped and sequentially extracted emergency pipes of the first and second rows of lifts with normal emergency ends, by changing the component elements and installing the required number, it is possible to reliably grip and extract them from the well.
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Reproduction of Hirudo orientalis in laboratory and natural conditions
Статья научная
The medicinal leech is included in Azerbaijan's "Red Book". For this reason, research has been conducted to increase leeches to protect the hirudofauna of our country. Three methods were used to breed it in the laboratory. The laboratory research was conducted at the Institute of Zoology. Studies have been conducted in natural conditions At the Mingachevir Scientific-Experimental Laboratory. In laboratory conditions, leeches were fed once a month, while those selected for reproduction were fed twice a month with the blood, spleen, and liver of large livestock. Based on our research, we can conclude that the optimal temperature range for the survival of Hirudo orientalis in laboratory conditions is 20-25°C.
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Статья научная
In research work have been extensively studied morphological aspects of seedlings on a scientific basis, propagation by seeds and cutting methods on the Absheron Peninsula species of Jacaranda mimosifolia belonging to the genus of Jacaranda Juss. of the family Bignoniaceae. The research analyzed the sowing period of seeds, soil characteristics, sowing depth, initial germination period, morphological features, agrotechnics, disease and pest control measures. Studies have shown that Jacaranda mimosifolia has the ability to adapt to open and greenhouse conditions in Absheron - in the autumn began to appear the first seedlings in the first decade of October from the seeds sown in the second decade of September in a greenhouse condition, were obtained 4.6% of seedlings at the end of the growing season. In the spring began to appear the first seedlings in the third decade of April from the seeds sown in the first decade of April, were obtained 5.2% of seedlings at the end of the growing season. In the second decade of May 20-30 cm tall plants were transplanted to open fields. At the end of the growing season the length of the compound leaves of annual plants reached 14×15 cm. Plant height reached 1.2 m in height, 1.2-1.5 mm in diameter, stalks reached 16 cm in length, 0.2 cm in width. There are 20 leafstalks on 1 leaf. Keeping the temperature in the greenhouse at 22-24 °C from April to the second decade of October had a positive effect on plant productivity. As a result of the research, it was found that in Absheron conditions the plant shed their leaves in the greenhouse at a temperature below 14 °C. As a result of the research, it was found that Jacaranda mimosifolia has the ability to adapt to open and greenhouse conditions in Absheron, it is profitable to use such an ornamental plant in the construction of parks and gardens, in decoration of offices and interiors.
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